Additionally, another class emerged, as a result of the industrial revolution and this was the industry wealth class, that to some degree replaced the aristocratic classes in old school societies, and especially those in Europe. These upwardly mobile individuals though they were few in number had a very large impact on social and economic change in all areas.
Wage Economy/Family Economy/Means of Production:
The emerging wage economy has had a serious impact on the standard of living of many people, during and after the industrial revolution. hanging from a barter system in combination with limited cash availability, a system than existed prior to the industrial revolution to one where the majority of workers are subject to the will of another has been a substantial change.
A two forces have had the greatest impact on the lives of ordinary people, the growth of capitalism and the extension of state power....apitalism is an economic system…...
mlaCharles Tilly, "3 Social Change in Modern Europe: the Big Picture," in the Industrial Revolution and Work in Nineteenth-Century Europe, ed. Lenard R. Berlanstein (New York: Routledge, 1992), 44.
Joel Mokyr, ed., an Economic Perspective, 2nd ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999), 60.
Richard H. Steckel, "New Perspectives on the Standard of Living," Challenge 38, no. 5 (1995).
Inter-Temporal Trade Off in Consumption: Effects on Living Standards
In economics, the relevance of substitution cannot be overstated. For instance, when there is an increase in the price of a certain good, consumers tend to substitute the affected good with a less expensive substitute good. In macroeconomics, the substitution principle is applied in inter-temporal trade-off analysis, albeit in a temporal context. This text concerns itself with inter-temporal trade off in consumption and how it impacts on living standards.
Inter-temporal Choices: A Brief Overview
Inter-temporal choices according to Camerer are those "decisions involving trade-offs among costs and benefits occurring at different times" (13). Thus in basic terms, inter-temporal choices include decisions whose consequences or impact are felt in multiple time periods i.e. during the present period or during a future period. This is consistent with Rossana's view of inter-temporal analysis as an "analysis of economic behavior over multiple periods of time" (14). Examples that…...
mlaWorks Cited
D'Souza, Errol. Macroeconomics. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. 2009. Print
Rossana, Robert J. Macroeconomics. Oxon: Taylor and Francis. 2011. Print.
globalization increased and standards of living around the world went up and with the expansion of industrialization in many less developed countries around the world, the demands of the automotive industry around the world increased significantly. This resulted in a worldwide boom in the international automotive sector with many individual countries entering the global automotive market as potential producers. As a result, the international competition in the automotive sector grew more aggressive over a period of time.
The sharp increase in international competition in the automotive industry during the recent years and the fact that automotives are not a 'Fast Moving Consumer Good' made, the countries involve in automotive production realized the growing need to stay competitive. The need to maintain an absolute competitive advantage and constant innovation, research and development was inevitable. Moreover, the international automotive industry was dominated by a handful of big players of the likes of…...
mlaReferences
Abbott, J.P. (2003). Developmentalism and Dependency in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Automotive Industry. New York: Routledge. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108343360
Amrina, E., & Yusof, S.M. (2010). Manufacturing Performance Evaluation Tool for Malaysian Automotive Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Management Science, 3(2), 195+. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5052752860
Hyun, J.H. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of Transplants and Industrial Location of Japanese and Korean Automotive Industries in Europe. International Journal of Business, 13(3), 215+. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5045029782
Kohpaiboon, A., Kulthanavit, P., Vijitnopparat, P., & Soonthornchawakan, N. (2010). Global Recession, Labour Market Adjustment and International Production Networks: Evidence from the Thai Automotive Industry. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 27(1), 98+. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5044271159
Living Memory Disappears
Having read the second slide in the Power point presentation concerning the deaths of the last French veterans of World War I, what difference do you think it makes to our appreciation of history when those that actually experienced it die?
The appreciation of history is intensified when the living connection to the event is extinguished. That particular time in history cannot be revisited through the stories and tales from the people who actually lived through it, but can only be accessed via books, magazines, newspapers and photos. For this reason, the event actually becomes more significant because it is historical and there is no way to retrieve details of it anymore through the people who experienced it firsthand. The difference in appreciation of history comes from the knowledge that a closure to an event has arrived.
Question 2
Belle Epoque and World War I
If you had lived during the Belle…...
Living and Doing Business With Australians
Word Count (excluding titles): 1159
The Commonwealth of Australia has a population of twenty two million and consists of six states and two territories and has the thirteenth largest economy in the world. The majority of the population gathers around the coastal cities and has one of the lowest population densities in the world. Australia is a country overflowing with natural beauty and unparalleled multiculturalism. To do business in Australia requires a deep understanding of the cultural complexity. Home to a great many immigrants this island continent is one of the world's most culturally diversity nation. Nearly twenty-five percent of Australian residents were born in another country. Even greater percentages have parents or grandparents who were immigrants or refugees from a vast range of nations. This rich diversity, coupled with the indigenous population, presents the businessman with unique opportunities and challenges.
Doing Business
The range of cultural…...
Living System
The Organization as a Living System
There are many different metaphorical models that have been used to describe organizations, from ships to machines to human brains. Another perspective views organizations as equivalent to living organisms or really to any complex living system, where reactions happen both on an immediate and reactionary basis and as a matter of planning and decision making. This perspective can be especially useful when viewing organizations during volatile times and in a host of other conditions; though this metaphor is not necessarily better or more complete than other symbolic ways of viewing organizations, it certainly has benefits in certain applications and situations. Viewing the organization as a living organism can help one to determine how the organization makes its decisions, where the powerful and weak points of the system are, and even predict its behavior as an entity that above all wants to survive in a…...
mlaReferences
Fedorov, G.S. (2001) The Military Unit as Part of the Armed Forces' Economic System . Military Thought . July. Retrieved 12 February 2011, from http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/400163
Flower, J. (1995) The Structure Of Organized Change: A conversation with Kevin Kelly. The Healthcare Forum Journal, vol. 38, no. 1, January/February 1995. Retrieved 12 February 2011, from http://www.well.com/user/bbear/kellyart.html .
Roelofs, L. (N.D.) Organizational Change: Open System Concepts. Symphony Orchestra Institute. Retrieved 12 February 2011, from http://www.soi.org/reading/change/concepts.shtml
Living with disabilities certainly exposes life to a variety of challenges including the challenge of securing and keeping a job. But today fortunately for most people with disabilities, increased awareness and technological advancements have given a boost to their quality of life. Also societal and legislative changes have reduced the discriminations against disabled peopled especially at work by making it mandatory on employers to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities. For example one such disability can be visual impairment. We are using this example to explain how disabilities are viewed under Americans with disability act and how they must be taken care of at workplace. Visual disability or vision loss can have various forms and degrees and have many different causes. Each person with visual impairment or blindness is affected differently. Some people might have low vision since birth but most have vision problems because of a disease or…...
mlaReferences
ADA, (2008). Questions and Answers About Blindness and Vision Impairments in the Workplace and the Americans with Disabilities Act, The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, retrieved 28 March 2012 from http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/blindness.html
CDC, (n.d.). National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD), http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/ddvi.htm .
NCHS, (2002). National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services, Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2002, Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 222 (DHHS Publication No. 2004-1550).
WHO, (2011). Visual impairment and blindness, World Health Organization, Retrieved March 28, 2012 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
Human esources: Fair Labor Standards Act
An Examination of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and Its Implications for American Workers Today
Although most Americans take for granted the wide range of social programs that are in place for their protection, many of these initiatives are fairly recent in origin, but one that has been around for quite some time is the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The legislation established a minimum standard wage and a maximum work week of 40 hours in industries that were engaged in interstate commerce. The implications of the Act were profound, and today, in what has become a classic pattern over the years, calls for increases to the federal minimum wage are followed by impassioned cries from industry leaders that such an initiative will do more to harm business than it will to help minimum-wage workers. ather than routinely bankrupt America's businesses, though, the…...
mlaReferences
An overview of the Fair Labor Standards Act. (2005). U.S. Office of Personnel Management.
Retrieved May 12, 2005 from http://www.opm.gov/flsa/overview.asp .
Black's law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
Cocheo, S. (2004). Banks Must Labor to Comply with New Overtime Rules; Fair Labor
Standards
Annotated Bibliography
Loveland, T.R. (2005) Writing standards-based rubrics for technology education classrooms, Technology Teacher, Vol. 65, Issue 2
This article can be used in the proposed writing study because it presents information on how students view rubrics and rubric teaching. The article states that there is nothing more frustrating for a student than receiving a project with little or no description on how the project will be graded. The article also states that standards must be measured or assessed in order to know whether the students are meeting the prescribed outcomes. This article seems to be stating that one of the reasons why the California standards are so difficult to meet is due to the lack of specificity in the standard's directions or instructions. The study can certainly take that viewpoint into consideration.
Jacobs, G.E. (2008) We learn what we do: eveloping a repertoire of writing practices in an instant messaging world,…...
mlaDetermining how to assess a writing portfolio (or even an individual writing piece) is a very important component of California's writing standard. This study sought to determine a number of different items when it comes to assessing writing skills. The study sought to answer the questions such as; is there evidence of transferability, are the scores reliable and even if portfolio scores are meaningful indicators of student achievement. What the study determined was it is possible to score assessments consistently but that there were substantial differences in how the assessments were viewed. Since the California writing standard is primarily scored on the student's ability to write, it would make sense to understand exactly what skill is being scored as well as if it is viewed as a portfolio, single sample or multiple samples of the student's work.
McKew, H. (2001) Tomorrow's engineer, Engineered Systems, Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 154
This article defines another reason why it is important for students to acquire writing skills. The article concerns an HVAC company. While most people would not immediately recognize why writing skills are necessary for individuals installing heating and air conditioning units, this article is a perfect example of why. The article espouses the fact that the involved company develops and writes their own installation manual. Not only does the employee have to understand how one pipe fits with another, the employee must also be able to read and write. The author of the article states that everyone in the company must be on the same page which is an interesting referral to the book itself. This article shows how it is true than even students who are looking to a career of manual labor must now have the ability to read and write.
living in a time, individuals and generations do not exactly know what they are contributing in their history. Writers might have an idea that their work will be cited and used in the time to come, yet they do not have an exact idea about how their work will be used in the future and what position will it hold. The African writers have been writing about their culture like authors around the world. These writings are a source of information for us today to find what the culture of Africa is. The paper studies how the African authors have defended their culture and the journey of culture through time.
What is the contribution of African writers in defense of their culture?
African Authors
The African writers have taken special interest in writing about the general harmony as well as the common contrasts. Popular African authors like Chinua Achebe, Alan Paton, and…...
mlaReferences
Speech by Frantz Fanon at the Congress of Black African Writers, (1959), Retrieved from:
http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/fanon/national-culture.htm
Munthali, G.C., (2013), "Belated Eulogy for Chinua Achebe: He defended the African Culture,
Our Culture has fallen apart." Retrieved from: http://www.malawivoice.com/2013/03/27/belated-eulogy-for-chinua-achebehe-defended-the-african-culture-our-culture-has-fallen-apart-24144/
Though welfare abuse does, of course, occur, it can not be as prevalent as the misunderstandings about it are. The problem comes from most people's lack of understanding about welfare, the amount of money it provides, who is eligible, etc. A lot of people will write off any poor person as a welfare recipient, which is not the case. In addition, people in poor communities with access to top of the line electronic equipment, clothes, etc. did not necessarily get those goods from government money, and thus a criminal element is unfairly tied in with welfare, which is a fallacy.
Welfare, by its very nature, is meant to help people get out of the worst of circumstances, such as homelessness, starvation, and an inability to provide for one's children. There are several kinds of welfare, some earmarked for use only to buy a specific type of goods (one example would…...
Living a Healthy Lifestyle
It is feared that the current generation will be the first to be less, rather than more healthy than its parents' generation, thanks to the growing crisis of obesity and inactivity. A number of government websites exist specifically designed to promote a healthier lifestyle, most notably the White House's 'Let's Move' campaign. Let's Move is specifically devoted to preventing childhood obesity and provides a variety of resources for readers, including statistics on childhood obesity (it notes that in African-American and Hispanic communities as many as 40% of all children are overweight or obese); suggestions on how to pursue a healthier diet via links to other government websites, and suggestions for incorporating exercise into children's lives. There are also special offers like a contest for 'kid chefs' to submit healthy recipes.
What exactly constitutes a healthy diet is, of course, controversial. The USDA provides specific dietary guidelines for Americans…...
mlaReferences
Adult obesity. (2013). CDC. Retrieved from:
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
Calculate your BMI. (2014). NIH. Retrieved from:
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm
Standards of Care/Mental Health/Cultural Competence
EMEGING STANDADS OF CAE/MENTAL HEALTH/CULTUAL
Sometime in 1999, the Surgeon General released Mental Health: A eport of the Surgeon General. Inside this report, it acknowledged that not every Americans, particularly minorities, are getting the equal mental health treatment, a discovery that provoked the Surgeon General to give out a supplemental report on differences in mental health care for individuals of color (Donini-Lenhoff, 2006). The addition, which was available in 2001, sends out one obvious message: culture does actually count. Cultural competency is considered to be one the vital ingredients in closing the differences hole in health care. It is looked as the way patients and doctors are able to come together and then talk about health issues without cultural differences stopping the conversation, nonetheless improving it. Fairly simply, health care services that are deferential of and receptive to the health beliefs, practices and cultural and linguistic…...
mlaReferences
Choi, H.M. (2006). ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ADOLESCENTS' MENTAL DISTRESS, SOCIAL STRESS, AND RESOURCES. Adolescence, 41(126), 263-83.
Donini-Lenhoff, F. (2006). HEALTH: Cultural competence in the health professions; insuring a juniform standard of care. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 65(45), 45.
Furler, J. & . (2012). Mental health: Cultural competence. Australian Family Physician, 39(5), 206-8.
Sawrikar, P. & . (2013). The relationship between mental health, cultural identity and cultural values in non-english speaking background (NESB) australian adolescents. Behaviour Change, 21(3), 97-113.
A useful analogy that has occurred to me in terms of understanding the ways in which Covey's advice can be applied to my own life is to look at his concept of intergenerational living in terms of living in a neighborhood that is literally the home to essentially one generation vs. A neighborhood that is home to a demographically versatile group of families.
Covey stresses again and again the importance of living all aspects of one's life in the manner that one was taught within the family unit. For example, he writes a great deal about the importance of being interdependent with others rather than fully dependent on them so that one can retain one's sense of autonomy while at the same time also being able to rely on the strengths of others meshed to one's own. This is a model that tends to work well within a family, but it…...
mlaWorks Cited
Champoux, J. Organizational behavior: integrating individuals, groups and organizations, 4th edition, Taylor & Francis, 2000.
Chen, X. And Silverstein, M. Intergenerational Social Support and the Psychological Well-Being of Older Parents in China. Research on Aging 22(1): 43-65, 2000. Print.
Covey, Stephen R. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: Restoring the Character Ethic. New York: Fireside Book, 1990. Print.
Griffin, R.W., Moorhead, G. Organizational behavior: managing people and organizations, 9th edition, Cengage Learning, 2009. Print.
American Mother's Living In Poverty
Welfare reform in the United States has been hailed as a great success, reducing the number of people on the welfare rolls from 4.4 million in 1996 to 2.1 million in 2001. But these figures hide the suffering of the multitude of American women who are living on or below the national poverty line. In this paper we will challenge the argument that the welfare reform initiative is 'working' and suggest instead that according to credible sources women are in fact penalized by the very system that has been put in place to 'help' them.
The United States Census bureau shows how the 'poverty threshold" is calculated each year. This figure is a dollar amount that the department has determined is what is required for a number of people living together. The two main characteristics of the threshold formula are the size of a family unit and…...
mlaReferences
For Crying Out Loud: Women's Poverty in the United States. Eds. Diane Dujon and Ann Withorn. Boston: South End Press, 1996.
Hays, Sharon. Flat Broke with Children: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Katz, Michael. The Undeserving Poor: From the War on Poverty to the War on Welfare. New York: Pantheon Books, 1989.
As health care’s share of gross domestic product (GDP) grows, people are struggling with how to estimate the value of the health care industry in the economy. While it might seem like a straightforward answer, simply looking at the total amount paid for healthcare in proportion to the total GDP, that valuation would be a gross oversimplification. Generally, GDP is viewed as a proxy for standard of living, but in the United States standard of living might actually drop for many people as the percentage of GDP attributable to healthcare grows. It is important to keep in....
Global issues are those issues that have an impact on more than one area of the globe, whether that impact is direct or indirect. These issues can be things that impact all people, such as global warming, or issues that may not currently impact all people but have a potential global impact, such as the political unrest in the modern day United States. We have compiled a list of suggested topics for an essay on global issues. Each of them has at least two perspectives, though one of the perspectives may be stronger or more....
The social sciences refer to any academic discipline that deals with human behavior. The fields that generally fall under this rubric include economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, political science, historiography, as well as certain types of culture-specific studies. Mixed method research refers to a research methodology that mixes traditional quantitative and qualitative research designs and discussing both types of evidence or data while considering the takeaways or conclusions of the research.
Some topics for mixed method research in social sciences are:
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