Sports Science and Sports Medicine- An Overview
This is a paper about "Sports Science and Sports Medicine." 6 sources are given. (Harvard style)

Sports/exercise science and medicine are fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions. They are both interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.

They are still in the process of being conclusively defined, and include various disciplines. A 1999 survey carried out by the 'Physician and Sports medicine' journal elicited terms such as: art and science of medicine applied to physical activity, care of athletes, disease prevention and treatment, emphasis on function, enhancing fitness, human performance, medical subspecialty, musculoskeletal medicine, nutrition, orthopedic subspecialty, physiology, prevention, psychology, rehabilitation, sports injuries, sports-related medical conditions, sports science, etc. To describe sports medicine. (Matheson, 1999)

The International Federation of Sports Medicine's Scientific Commission…...

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References

Burke, ER, ed.1986. 'Injury prevention for cyclists: a biomechanical approach,' Science of Cycling, Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Pubs Inc. pp.145-184.

Matheson, G.O. 1999. "Sports Medicine: A Focus on Health," The Physician And Sportsmedicine. vol.27 no.10 October.

Patrick, D. (2003) "Specific exercises may be key to preventing ACL injuries" [Internet] USA Today. Available at   24 November, 2003].http://www.usatoday.com/sports/2003-06-24-acl-cover_x.htm .[Accessed

Sport & Exercise Medicine"(2003) [Internet] The National Sports medicine Institute of the United Kingdom. Available at 24 November, 2003].http://www.rescu.org.uk/professions_sport_03.html[Accessed

Conclusion

Originally, the main objective of sports medicine was the welfare of competitive professional athletes, but it now encompasses treatment of anyone engaged in sport and exercise.

It is becoming an increasingly important branch of the overall medicine field. More general practitioners are being trained in sports medicine than ever before. The training gives them a better understanding of the physical, physiological, and psychological demands of exercise. This helps them to diagnose sports injuries more effectively, and to prescribe the most suitable forms of prevention, exercise, and treatment to improve the health of all athletes and sports enthusiasts everywhere.

orks Cited

"Comprehensive Study of Sports Injuries in the U.S." June 2003. American Sports Data. 11 Apr 2009 .

Haggerty, Maureen. "Sports injury." n.d. answers.com. 11 Apr 2009 .

Medicine, the American College of Sports. "Careers in Sports Medicine and." n.d. The American College of Sports Medicine. 11 Apr 2009 .

"sports medicine." 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Apr 2009…...

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Works Cited

"Comprehensive Study of Sports Injuries in the U.S." June 2003. American Sports Data. 11 Apr 2009 .

Haggerty, Maureen. "Sports injury." n.d. answers.com. 11 Apr 2009 .

Medicine, the American College of Sports. "Careers in Sports Medicine and." n.d. The American College of Sports Medicine. 11 Apr 2009 .

"sports medicine." 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Apr 2009 .

In conclusion, it is a commonly established fact that horses used in sports, and particularly in polo, require a level of special care in order to ensure their longevity and well-being. The current paradigms regarding animal care mandates that no animal should suffer cruelty at human hands. This also extends to the treatment and care of polo ponies. Owners are to do all in their power to prevent injury or death to their horses. This is why associations such as the United States Polo Association mandate a number of particular rules and regulations to ensure that polo ponies are being treated correctly.

Indeed, a recent press release by the Association indicated the approval of a law to randomly test the blood and urine of polo ponies to ensure that no irregularities or abuse occur. For the industry, it is vitally important to maintain healthy horses. This affects both the reputation and…...

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References

Blue Springs Polo School. Equine Magnetic Products. 2009.  http://www.polo-nz.co.nz/equine-magnetic-products.html 

Hungarian Polo Club. Polo Accessories, 2009.  http://www.magyarpoloclub.hu/Polo/Accessories.aspx 

United States Polo Association. USPA Equine Drugs and Medications Program. 2008. http://www.us-polo.org/2009_drug_testing.htm

Waran, Natalie. The Welfare of Horses. Springer, 2002.

Assessment is best performed during the "preswelling period on the sidelines" according to Trojan and McKeag (1998)
The avoidance of "chronic ankle pain, laxity, or arthritis can be accomplished through "appropriate treatment." The following table illustrates the differentiation in ankle injuries that exists:

Table 1. Useful Tests for Various Ankle Injuries

Injury Location

Specific Injury

Useful Test

Lateral

Inversion sprain

Lateral malleolus fracture

Osteochondritis dissecans

Peroneal tendon subluxation

Bifurcate ligament avulsion

Anterior drawer, talar tilt

X-ray as per Ottawa ankle rules

Mortise view ankle x-rays

esisted dorsiflexion and eversion

X-rays

Medial

Medial ankle sprain

Medial malleolus fracture

Posterior tibialis tendon injury

Flexor hallucis longus tendinitis

Eversion stress

X-ray as per Ottawa ankle rules

Single heel-rise test

esisted first-toe flexion

Posterior

Achilles tendon rupture

Os trigonum fracture

Thompson's

Weight-bearing lateral x-ray, tenderness on passive plantar flexion

Anterior

Syndesmosis sprain

Dorsiflexion injuries

Anterior tibialis tendon injury

Squeeze," external rotation

Side-to-side

esisted dorsiflexion

Avulsion fracture, 5th metatarsal

Maisonneuve fracture

Palpation tenderness, foot x-rays

Palpation tenderness, fibula x-rays

Source: Trojan & Mckeag (1998)

Lateral Inversion Sprain

The lateral inversion sprain is sated to be "the most common ankle injury" accounting for approximately 85% of ankle sprains. The…...

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References

Martin, T. & Martin, S (2002) Special Issues and Concerns for the high-school and college-athlete. Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation. Online available at  http://www.sportdental.com/articulo9.htm .

Barnsley, et al. (2005) Long-term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries. Br J. Sports Med 2005 Mar 39(3):e14; discussion e14. PubMed.

Common Injuries: Foot and Ankle Vanderbilt University Medicial Center: - Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Online available at http://www.vsm.vanderbilt.edu/ankle.html.

Garrick JG: The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. Am J. Sports Med 1977;5(6):241-242.

Rehabilitative Biomechanics
There are various exercise science and wellness promotion sub-disciplines, such as exercise physiology, biomechanics, sport nutrition, rehabilitative biomechanics, and sport psychology. Each relates to my career options as offering a significant approach to the workplace environment via a strong degree in kinesiology. The career path of my choice is to enter into rehabilitative biomechanics and therefore to pursue a degree in kinesiology, so as to become familiar with using exercises and machines to help injured persons become mobile again. The study will focus on the mechanics of movement and how the anatomy of the body impacts range of motion and what can be done to strengthen specific target areas of the body.

As far as certification or licensing goes, it all depends on which type rehabilitation I would like to specialize in. I could obtain certification for golfers looking to maintain their bodies for the sport from the Titleist Performance…...

The research suggests that sport psychology is useful to athletes because it provides them with the tools needed to fully exploit their physical talents by controlling their mental processes. The research found that here are several techniques associated with sports psychology. These techniques include MPSE, thought stopping, mental rehearsal (imagery) self-talk, visuo-motor behavior rehearsal (VMBR) and establishing goals. All of these techniques can be used to assist the athlete in focusing on the goal that they are attempting to accomplish.
orks Cited

Arvinen-Barrow M., Penny G.,Hemmings B., Corr S. (2010) UK chartered physiotherapists' personal experiences in using psychological interventions with injured athletes: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11 (2010) 58 -- 66

"Careers in Sports Psychology." Retrieved February 16, 2010 from: http://www.wcupa.edu/_Academics/sch_cas.psy/Career_Paths/Sports/Career07.htm

De Petrillo, L.A., Kaufman, K.A. Glass, C.R. And Arnkoff D.B. (2009) Mindfulness for Long-Distance Runners: An Open Trial Using Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE). Journal of Clinical…...

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Works Cited

Arvinen-Barrow M., Penny G.,Hemmings B., Corr S. (2010) UK chartered physiotherapists' personal experiences in using psychological interventions with injured athletes: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11 (2010) 58 -- 66

"Careers in Sports Psychology." Retrieved February 16, 2010 from:  http://www.wcupa.edu/_Academics/sch_cas.psy/Career_Paths/Sports/Career07.htm 

De Petrillo, L.A., Kaufman, K.A. Glass, C.R. And Arnkoff D.B. (2009) Mindfulness for Long-Distance Runners: An Open Trial Using Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE). Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 2009, 4, 357-376

Dreyer, D. (2004). ChiRunning: A revolutionary approach to effortless, injury-free running. Retrieved February 16, 2009 from: http://www.chirunning.com .

Although the coach may not work out with the client every session, he or she may be called upon to demonstrate many of the moves and to assist the client, depending on the nature of the session and the client's needs. For some coaches, the 'best' part of work -- the involvement with people committed to fitness -- may also be the worst part, because their schedules may make it difficult to find time to work out alone. Even then, the coach may be so exhausted from helping others he does not have the motivation to condition himself. But this is vital, so the coach can assist clients in an injury-free fashion.
A typical 'day in the life' of a sports and conditioning coach will vary depending upon the coach's practice setting. A private trainer might get up at 5:30am to go to the house of a busy executive he…...

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References

Kinesiology. (2011). University of Michigan. Retrieved November 16, 2011 at  http://www.umich.edu/units_kines.php 

Sports management. (2011). Syracuse University. Retrieved November 16, 2011 at  http://falk.syr.edu/SportManagement/Default.aspx 

Waehner, Paige. (2011). How to become a personal trainer. Retrieved November 16, 2011 at  http://exercise.about.com/cs/forprofessionals/a/personaltrainer_2.htm

athletic coach I have garnered a wide variety of skills, as well as an extensive understanding of the standard practices and procedures an individual in the field of exercise science should possess. My past experiences have provided me with substantial knowledge of the principles involved in the prevention and care of athletic injuries. With the following, I hope to illustrate that my experiences and subsequent research have provided me with a broad awareness of typical athletic injuries and treatments as they apply to exercise science.
When a member of my dance squad sprained her ankle it became necessary for me to tape it as to provide additional support. I employed the traditional Gibney basket weave procedure. This consists of an interwoven network of stirrup strips "which cover the plantar surface of the hindfoot and extend proximally on both the medial and lateral aspects of the leg, and horseshoe strips, which…...

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Bibliography

Boyle, Daniel J.M.D. Sports Medicine for Parents and Coaches. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1999.

Brown, Lee E. And Vance A. Ferrigno. Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness. New York: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2000.

Garrick, James G.M.D. And Peter Radetsky, Ph.D. Anybody's Sports Medicine Book. Toronto: Ten Speed Press, 2000.

Levy, Allan M.M.D. And Mark L. Fuerst. Sports Injury Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1993.

career of an athletic trainer, including the background necessary for the career, the necessary education, and job opportunities for athletic trainers. Athletic trainers form a necessary backbone of most professional sports organizations, and many private organizations. A professional athletic trainer can make the difference between a life-changing injury, or returning to the game. Athletic trainers are an essential and integral part of modern sports medicine, and as sports and athletics increase in importance in our society, they will continue to play an important part in our healthy lives.
Athletic trainers have been around for centuries, but today, most trainers are certified, and not only work with sports clubs or educational facilities, they can work in gyms and fitness centers, and even corporate workout centers.

Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) are medical experts in preventing, recognizing, managing and rehabilitating injuries that result from physical activity. Athletic trainers can help you avoid unnecessary medical…...

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Works Cited

Author not Available. "Athletic Trainer." NortheastAHEC.org. 2003. 25 Sept. 2003.  http://www.neahec.org/hc/HealthCareerPgs/AthleticTrainer.html 

Editors. "What Does a Certified Athletic Trainer Do?" NATA.org. 2003. 25 Sept. 2003.  http://www.nata.org/downloads/documents/306CareerInfoBrochure.htm 

Hibberts, Rob. "How to Start Your Career." Cerro Coso Community College. 1998. 25 Sept. 2003. http://athletics.cerrocoso.edu/sportsmedicine/how_to_start_your_career.htm

Kornspan, Alan S., et al. "Career Opportunities in Sport and Exercise Among College Students." College Student Journal 36.3 (2002): 367+.

Matt gave Ed two eggs on toast with half-a-grapefruit and orange juice for breakfast (Independent on Sunday, 2002). Ed took fish oils and multivitamins on a daily basis. These were immediately followed by a good fiber and protein meal in minutes or strength during his warm-up sessions. Matt gave Stu chicken, basmati rice, couscous and egg and Jaffa cakes for his "insulin." Matt's intention was to bring extra protein straight into Stu's tired muscles. He also served Stu with nuts for his snacks (Independent on Sunday).

Commercial high-carbohydrate electrolyte sports drinks fill the football player's need, especially within the first 15 minutes after strenuous activity. These drinks also appeal more than plain water while contributing their value (Mannie, 2001).

ILIOGRAPHY

usiness Wire (2004). 3-a-day dairy teams up with national football league to tackle kids' nutrition and fitness in schools. usiness Wire: Gale, Cengage Learning.

Retrieved on April 4, 2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mOEIN/is_2004_Sept_8/ai_n6185691/?tag=content;col1

Independent on Sunday (2002).…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Business Wire (2004). 3-a-day dairy teams up with national football league to tackle kids' nutrition and fitness in schools. Business Wire: Gale, Cengage Learning.

Retrieved on April 4, 2009 from  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_mOEIN/is_2004_Sept_8/ai_n6185691/?tag=content;col1 

Independent on Sunday (2002). The programme. Independent Newspapers UK Limited

ProQuest Information and Learning Company. Retrieved on April 4, 2009 from  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20020922/ai_n1266483/?tag=content;col1

Intercollegiate Athletics Program Guarantee the Success of a College?
Intercollegiate athletics programs are a common feature in most colleges, and many of these programs have been shown to contribute to the education and development of the young people who participate in them. Moreover, intercollegiate athletics programs, especially men's football and basketball, are major revenue generators through ticket sales for many educational institutions. In many cases, colleges that feature high-profile intercollegiate athletics programs enjoy the benefits of these programs through increased revenues and publicity. Even the best intercollegiate athletics program, though, cannot guarantee the success of a college for the reasons identified through a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature which is provided below, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.

Review and Discussion

Intercollegiate athletics programs in the United States are divided into various divisions (i.e., Division 1A and 1AA), with the revenues from…...

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Works Cited

Enoch, Jessica and Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense, 3rd ed. Bedford/St. Martin's.

Fizel, J. And Fort, Rodney. Economics of College Sports. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Jones, A. (2009). "Athletics, Applications & Yields." College and University 85(2): 10-12.

Losco, Joseph and Fife, Brian L. Higher Education in Transition: The Challenges of the New

234). Culturally, trainers may simply be paying more attention to girls' injuries due to our culture's tendency to protect females more than males (Tierney, et al., 2005, p. 278) and/or boys may simply under-report concussions due to "macho" tendencies to play through pain in order to continue playing (Covassin, et al., 2012, p. 926). Hormones may contribute to the greater incidence of concussions among female high school athletes because researchers have found that estrogen protects male rats from brain trauma but actually makes female rats more vulnerable to brain trauma (Makdissi, et al., 2013, p. 319). Whether caused anatomically, culturally, hormonally or for some other reason, the fact remains that girls are reportedly highly more likely to sustain concussions in sports such as soccer and basketball. Consequently, gender matters in the sports injury of concussion.
3. Conclusion

Development of a masculine identity is psychologically fundamental for males and particularly for males…...

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References

Allan, E.J., Gordon, S.P. & Iverson, S.V., Fall 2006. Re/thinking Practices of Power: The Discursive Framing of Leadership in the Chronicle of Higher Education. Review of Higher Education, 30(1), pp. 41-68.

Bourdieu, P., 1978. 'Sport and Social Class,' Social Science Information, 17(6): 819-840. [Online]

Available at:   [Accessed 21 May 2013].http://ssi.sagepub.com/content/17/6/819.ciatation 

Chesebro, J.W. & Fuse, K., Summer 2001. The Development of a Perceived Masculinity Scale. Communication Quarterly, 49(3), pp. 203-278.

Sports Injuries
Competitive sports participation opportunities for children continue to grow. Nowadays, children begin their regular sport participation between the ages of 4 to 8 years. Most children enjoy sports and show great enthusiasm for participation. However, the situation changes when young athletes get involved in the elite-level championships organized and directed by adults. Children's play becomes transformed from informal playground games to highly organized sporting events that mirror adult professional sports.

The effects of such intensive training and participation in elite-level competition on young athletes have been investigated. However, most of the research has been devoted to athletes above 10 years of age who are involved in individual sports. Little has been done to explore the impact of the elite-level competition on children under 10 years old participating in team sports.

Indeed, the idea that organized, supervised athletic competition benefits pre-pubertal children is very controversial. However, since more and more pre-adolescent…...

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Works Cited

AAP. "Organized Athletics for Preadolescent Children." Pediatrics 84, 1989:583-4.

Ad Hoc Committee on Sports and Children of the FIMS Education Commission. Sports and children. Position stand of the International Federation of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization on "Organized Sport for Children." Olympic Coach, Summer 1997: 6-8.

Backx, F. "Injuries in persons and high-risk sports; a longitudinal study of 1,818 school

Children." The American Journal of Sports Medicine 19, 1991:124-30.

Octagon Sports Organization Structure
Octagon Sports Organizational Structure

The most fundamental aspect and/or tool for establishing a successful organization is the organizational structure. Organizational structure is a typical and hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, rights, duties, and communications within an organization, thereby defining how powers, roles, and responsibilities are assigned, coordinated, and controlled, and how information flows between the diversified levels of management. All these aspects are thereby directed towards the attainment or achievement of an organization's aims and/or goals. An organization's structure depends on the organization's core objectives and strategies. There are two categories of organizational structure comprising (i) centralized structure, and (ii) decentralized structure. Within a centralized structure, the top management owns, if not all then, most of the decision making powers, as well as staunch control over the organization's departments and divisions. On the contrary, in a decentralized organizational structure, the power for decision making is fairly distributed…...

1. The role of sports medicine professionals in preventing and treating sports-related injuries
2. The effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine
3. The impact of nutrition and hydration on athletic performance and recovery
4. The use of technology and advanced imaging in diagnosing and treating sports injuries
5. The psychological aspects of recovering from a sports injury and returning to play
6. The growing field of sports performance enhancement and its implications for athletes and sports medicine professionals
7. The importance of proper biomechanics and movement patterns in preventing injuries in sports
8. The role of sports medicine in promoting overall health and wellness in....

I. Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation

The Role of Sports Medicine in Preventing and Treating Athletic Injuries
Advancements in Surgical Techniques for Rotator Cuff Repair
Rehabilitation Protocols for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
The Impact of Concussions on Long-Term Cognitive Function

II. Sports Nutrition and Performance

The Role of Macronutrients in Enhancing Athletic Performance
Supplements and Ergogenic Aids in Sports: Benefits and Risks
Hydration Strategies for Athletes in Extreme Environments
Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes

III. Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics

The Effects of Interval Training on Cardiovascular Fitness
The Biomechanics of Running: Injuries and Performance Optimization
The Impact of Muscle Morphology on Athletic....

Regular Exercise and Children's Physical Fitness: A Comprehensive Study
Introduction:
Physical fitness is crucial for children's overall health and well-being. Regular exercise plays a vital role in enhancing physical fitness and providing numerous benefits for children. This essay aims to investigate the positive effects of regular exercise on children's physical fitness compared to those who do not engage in regular exercise.
Cardiovascular Fitness:
One of the most significant benefits of regular exercise is improved cardiovascular fitness. Children who engage in regular exercise have stronger hearts and lungs. Their hearts can pump more blood with each beat, and their lungs can take in more oxygen.....

The Impact of Low Body Fat on the Performance of Female Athletes in Sports
Low body fat, often measured as a percentage of total body mass, is a topic of growing concern in the world of female athletics. While a certain level of body fat is essential for optimal health and function, extremely low levels can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental well-being, potentially impacting athletic performance.
Physiological Impacts
Reduced Muscle Mass: Low body fat can lead to a decrease in muscle mass, which is essential for strength, power, and endurance. This can compromise athletic performance in a variety of....