Software Engineering
Outline requirements for a Supermarket Checkout System -- The checkout system in a supermarket consists of a store computer to which the cash registers are connected. Each cash register is equipped with its own processor, a keypad with numeric keys and function keys, an electronic barcode scanner, a scale, a customer order receipt printer, a credit/debit card reader, a credit/debit card receipt printer and a display where item and price information is shown. The display is visible to both the customer and the cashier. Each register has a holder for a till containing cash, checks, coupons, etc., which is automatically opened at the end of each customer transaction. As a cashier begins a shift, he or she inserts a till into the cash register, logs onto the register and waits for approval from the system. He or she is then ready to process customer orders. A customer order can…...

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References

Jamie Gregory - Email address: -- Order ID: 43891. Software Engineering.

Software Engineering
equirements Are Volatile: Design, esource Allocation, and Lifecyles Aren't So Flexible

For the majority of software development initiatives, bad requirements are a fact of life. Even when there is a high quality elicitation process, requirement change throughout the software lifecycle model. This is expected, if not desired to build a system that the customers wants and will use. But, it's difficult to change design and resource allocation once these have been developed based on initial requirements. And, the lifecycle model itself makes adjusting processes to accommodate new requirements difficult, even when abandoning discrete models in favor of more continuous approaches.

Bad requirements happen for many reasons. But, of all the requirements engineering processes, requirements elicitation has the highest incidence of malpractice.

Too little time is spent on elicitation and it is difficult to get customers to communicate their requirements because they either do not know what they want, are unable to fully…...

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Resources Support Improvement Program (CRSIP), Revision 3.0 March 31, 1999, p. 10

Jones 1994]

Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Prentice-Hall, 1994

Brooks 1995]

Brooks, Frederick P. Jr., The Mythical Man-Month, Anniversary edition with four new chapters Addison- Wesley, 1995

Software Engineering: What Makes it un
IBM and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) have collaborated to create the Software Engineering Online Learning Center, a portal of educational and industry information that is very useful for any student of computer science, programming or software engineering. The intent of this paper is to evaluate this portal for its applicability and value to learning. The portal is designed around IBM-centric content as they are the primary partner; there are however many other software technology vendors also contributing content to this portal. The IEEE has divided the content into DB2 tutorials, provided linked to webcasts, Java learning tools, Linux certification tutorials, and dozens of white papers. There are also excellent sections on Amazon.com and eBay tutorials, and a balance of coverage for open source vs. proprietary operating systems. What is very useful about the content on the site is that it only…...

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References

Adnan, M., Longley, P., Singleton, A., & Brunsdon, C. (2010). Towards Real-Time Geodemographics: Clustering Algorithm Performance for Large Multidimensional Spatial Databases. Transactions in GIS, 14(3), 283-297.

Jeffrey Dean, & Sanjay Ghemawat. (2008). MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 51(1), 107-113.

Dean, J., & Ghemawat, S.. (2010). MapReduce: A Flexible Data Processing Tool. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 53(1), 72.

Eric Kavanagh. (2010). The New View: Web 3.0 Will Change Our Perspective: With semantic understanding, we'll unravel the complex world of unstructured content. Information Management, 20(5), 56.

Management
Requirements engineering process is at the very core of project success. Rather than spend huge amounts of money for reworking the whole project it is prudent and cost effective to identify and rectify the problems early in the project development life cycle.

We are witnessing a paradigm shift in communication and computer technology and there is a consequent change in our business methodologies. In this automated business environment there is an ever-increasing stress on businesses to accomplish everything in an efficient and swift manner. The increasingly cutthroat completion, particularly in light of the global competition, has placed a huge stress on productivity. The need for timely completion of projects and the urgency to meet the deadlines has however cast new problems on its own with companies trying to rush in with their projects neglecting some fundamental aspects. The life of any project depends on the provisions provided with a view…...

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Bibliography

Designed by Jiludwig.com, "Requirements Management Tools" Accessed on August 28th, 2003

 http://www.jiludwig.com/Requirements_Management_Tools.html 

Hendrick D. Stephen, Richard. V. Heiman "Achieving ROI with Rational requirements Management Tools," Accessed on August 28th, 2003,  http://www.rational.com/media/whitepapers/roirm.pdf 

Thomas Bill, "Meeting the Challenges of Requirements Engineering" Accessed on August 28th, 2003, http://interactive.sei.cmu.edu/Features/1999/March/Spotlight/Spotlight.mar99.pdf

Software Engineering)
Statement of purpose: Software engineering M.A.

Software engineering offers rapidly-expanding career opportunities and has the ability to shape our collective futures in so many critical areas, including the way we communicate, do business, and structure our lives. I am eager to sharpen my skills so I can become more competitive as an employee in this field. I currently hold a B.A. In software engineering from the College of Engineering and Information Technology (CEIT), Dar Al-Uloom University of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I feel fully qualified to continue to pursue my education in an English-speaking country and believe that studying engineering in English is essential, given the dominance of English language-speaking companies in my chosen field.

As well as my B.A., I have certificates in a variety of areas, including SharePoint Event, SQL Server Path Event, and Google Event. Beyond my academic background, I gained knowledge and work experience in…...

Working Experience Report
Software engineer and project engineer are some of the most famous professions in the field of Information Technology. Given their popularity in the IT field, having experience in these professions can be considerably advantageous. The necessary experience can be obtained through working in different areas that relate to the professions after completion of an educational or training course. In most cases, people develop necessary experience through work placements after completing a degree course in any of these professions. However, there are other means of gaining experience in software engineering and project engineering such as internships, voluntary work, and summer contacts in this sector. Similar to other professions, employment in these fields requires relevant work experience in addition to academic qualifications. Employers are not only looking for candidates with necessary educational qualifications but are also looking for those with favorable relevant work experience.

Revamping an In-house Developed Application

As previously mentioned,…...

This approach brings down the costs involved, the chances of delay in product release and the gives the user an option to update their requirements in successive iterative steps (Jacobson & umbaugh 1999, pp. 3-13).
CHAPTE 2

Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server are among the most widely used databases with a large range of features with regards to their techniques of development and deployment. Both the Oracle 10g and SQL Server 2005 are equipped with a similar feature set with regards to how they aid in SOA (service Oriented Architecture) based application development. They vary in their simplicity of usage. SQL Server 2005 has its different features combined in the database server. Oracle has sections of its functionality distributed among its different products. The application server is not integrated with the database to the same extent as SQL Server. Most of its API's use Java-based services. Oracle does not have any…...

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REFERENCE LIST

The waterfall model explained Available from:<   [1 July,2010]http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-5-2005-63768.asp >

What is the waterfall model? Available from:<   [1 July,2010]http://www.selectbs.com/adt/analysis-and-design/what-is-the-waterfall-model >

Jacobson, I, Grady, B & Rumbaugh, J. 1999 The Unified Software Development Process, Addison-Wesley Professional, pp.3-13

What is Prototyping ? Available from:<   [2 July,2010]http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/prototyping/proto.html >

Silver ullet
During the 1970's, companies had difficulty delivering software within the constraints of schedule, budget, and quality (Food for Thought, 2005). The problem grew worse over time. Many projects undertaken in the 1980's and 1990's were complete disasters, failing to deliver anything, grossly exceeding budget and schedule deadlines, and delivering poor quality. Also, during the 1980's a "software crisis" occurred in which the spending on software maintenance exceeded spending on creating new software products. So, why can't software be mass produced in a way that is reliable and consistent just as manufactured goods are delivered today? There are many theories regarding lack of software productivity. rooks (1987) holds that the fundamental nature of software prevents meaningful automation. Cox (1996), on the other hand, makes the interesting assertion that software development issues stem from market dynamics, namely the way software is bought and sold. Most recently, experts have turned their…...

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Bibliography

Brooks, F.P. (1987, April). No silver bullet: Essence and accidents of software engineering. Computer Magazine. Retrieved March 4, 2005 from Web site:  http://www.computer.org/computer/homepage/misc/Brooks/ 

Cox, B. (1996). Superdistribution: Objects as property on the electronic frontier. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Food for Thought (2005, January), Vol. 2 No. 1. Retrieved March 4, 2005 from Web site: http://www.swqual.com/newsletter/vol2/no1/vol2no1.html

Pultorak, D. IT governance: What's a data center manager to do? Retrieved March 4, 2005 from Web site: hl=enhttp://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:DfdPAZpOGpsJ:us.foxit.net/download/it_governance_dcm.pdf++%22IT+governance%22+itil&

Knowledge-Oriented Software Engineering Process
In a Multi-Cultural Context

In the peer-reviewed article Knowledge-Oriented Software Engineering Process In A Multi-Cultural Context (Jaakkola, Heimburger, Linna, 2010) the authors contend that the accelerating nature of software development leaves little time for cultural assimilation and integration of teams to an optimal level. The authors have defined the specifics of how software development is changing very rapidly due to mobile platforms, cloud computing and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Exacerbating the challenges of creating software so rapidly are the cultural challenges as well, especially the multicultural and inter-organizational issues of software engineering (Jaakkola, Heimburger, Linna, 2010). The authors argue that a three layer model is needed to increase the performance of software engineering globally (Jaakkola, Heimburger, Linna, 2010). The authors have taken on a very complex problem that takes into account the multifaceted nature of software development in large organizations while also managing the complexities and nuances of global…...

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References

Jaakkola, H., Anneli Heimburger, & Linna, P. (2010). Knowledge-oriented software engineering process in a multi-cultural context. Software Quality Journal, 18(2), 299-319.

Software Processing Methodology
Understanding the Problem

Klyne Smith, DSE Candidate

Dr. Frank Coyle

Technical

Motivation

esearch and Contribution Methods

Software Processing Methodologies

Waterfall Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunity

Threats

Iterative Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Model Methodology

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Where do we go from here (Spring 2010)?

Define measurement data points for Test Case analysis

Section IV

Creation and Validation of the predictive model

Section V

Summary Analysis

Practical Usage

Praxis Conclusion

Books

Articles / Web Information

Software Processing Methodology:

Understanding the Problem

Section I:

Introduction

In this work, I examine three different Software Processing Methodologies. I start with the iterative model, followed by the spiral model, and conclude with the V-model. Each of these methodologies are discussed in length to gain a clear understanding of their similarities and differences. This paper focuses on gaining a key understanding of the methodologies and when it is best to utilize each. Each serves a special purpose; the process of understanding the problem one must solve remains as complicated as actually solving the problem itself. In this work, I will investigate the intricacies required to formulate the problem while…...

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References

Books

Alexander, Ian and Beus-Dukic, Ljerka (2009). Discovering Requirements - How to Specify Products and Services

Bass, Len and Clements, Paul, and Kazman, Rick (2003) - Software Architecture in Practice (2nd Edition)

Boehm, B.,(1976) Software Engineering, IEEE Trans. Computer, C-25,12,1226-1241

Allowing for such access necessarily creates a point of weakness, and this must be carefully guarded against through many levels of protection (Stuttard & Pinto 2007). Many of the same steps that are employed in access differentiation as described above can also be employed here -- multiple levels of access that is password protected, strict compartmentalization of data and of processes, and other features such as the recognition and removal of malicious input can all protect the opening that is created by administrative access to application information and code (Stuttard & Pinto 2007). Password-protected access to a web application's source code is one common example of this type of core defense capability, which grows more complex as both the complexity of the system and needs for security increase.
Direct Attacks and Unauthorized Use: A More Detailed View

Direct attacks on applications, especially web-based applications, are becoming increasingly common as programming knowledge…...

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References

Dalal, S.; Poore, J. & Cohen, M. (2003). Innovations in software engineering for defense systems. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Sttutard, D. & Pinto, M. (2007). The web application hacker's handbook. New York: Wiley.

Essay Topic Examples

1. The Evolution of Software Development Methodologies:
    This essay could explore the transition from traditional waterfall models to agile methodologies in software development. The focus could be on how these methodologies have influenced project success rates, communication within development teams, and the ability to adapt to changing requirements.

2. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Software Development:
    Consider writing about the growing influence of AI on software development processes. This essay could examine how AI is being used for code generation, bug detection, predictive analytics, and the ethical implications of its increased usage in the industry.

3. Open Source Software: Impact and Ethical Considerations:
    This essay topic could delve into the significance of open source software in promoting collaboration, innovation, and education in the software development community. It could also discuss the challenges faced in terms of licensing, maintaining security, and the ethical aspects of contributing to open source projects.

4. DevOps Culture: Bridging…...

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Primary Sources

Gamma, Erich, et al. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994.

Knuth, Donald E. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms. 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1997.

Beck, Kent. Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 2004.

Royce, Winston W. \"Managing the Development of Large Software Systems.\" Proceedings of IEEE WESCON, August 1970, pp. 1-9.

Lehman, M. M., and L. A. Belady. Program Evolution - Processes of Software Change. Academic Press Inc., 1985.

Introduction of the new technology will also means new job requirements as well. People are resistant to change by nature, but these changes are necessary to ensure that Argot gains and maintains a competitive edge long into the future. Management needs to stress the necessity of these changes to employees and assist them in making a smooth transition. Technological changes will require changes on many levels, not just in hardware and software. One of the keys is developing adequate training programs so that workers get off to a good start with the new system.

Benefits and Limitations of E-commerce

E-Commerce has several advantages and disadvantages. The key advantage is that it provides real-time access to necessary information among the various systems and departments. The second is that it streamlines business processes and raises organizational efficiency. This is the key benefit for the Argot International. Another advantages is that it maintains information integrity…...

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References

Active Grid. (2007). Enterprise Web 2.0. Retrieved July 19, 2007 at http://www.activegrid.com/?gclid=CJi604zUs40CFQxzHgodphVVtg.

Apache Software Foundation. (2007). Apache Software. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from  http://www.apache.org .

Gian, T. (2003). Dancing Around EAI 'Bear Traps'. Retrieved July 18, 2007 at  http://www.ebizq.net/topics/int_sbp/features/3463.html .

Hewlett-Packard (2007). P-UX Apache-based Web Server v.2.00 powered by Apache, Tomcat, Webmin. Retrieved July 18, 2007 at http://h20293.www2.hp.com/portal/swdepot/displayProductInfo.do?productNumber=HPUXWSATW200

Crafting and Engineering Software: Contrast hat it Might Mean to Engineer Software ith hat it Means to Craft Software
The software engineer Steve McConnell notes, "The dictionary definition of engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles toward practical ends." (McConnell, 1998) He believes that is what most software designers do, namely they apply scientifically developed and mathematically defined algorithms, functional design methods, quality-assurance practices, and other practices to develop software products and services. To engineer software thus is to view a set of real world problems and to ask one's self what works and what does not work, when meeting the needs of the product's potential range of services, according to professional guidelines.

But although this may be useful when engaging in the architectural design of the project, and determining the overall processes of the program, it may be equally useful to think of one's self as a craftsperson, with…...

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Works Cited

McConnell, Steve. (January/February 1998) "The Art, Science, and Engineering of Software Development. Best Practices. IEEE Software, Vol. 15, No. 1. Retrieved 13 Jan 2005 at  http://www.stevemcconnell.com/ieeesoftware/bp13.htm

Reverse Engineering
It is impossible to create requirements and test artifacts by reverse engineering with complete accuracy as explained in this paper. Still, it's a valuable aide for gaining knowledge of existing systems, even though understanding the system as actually built and uncovering known usage modes are difficult.

Reconstructing the design of existing software is especially important for complex legacy systems, but can be a challenge because documents are often not available, dispersed and focused on isolated algorithms and data structures. This makes the formation of a higher-level structural models a time consuming, piece-meal activity. Reverse engineering has been touted as the solution to these issues, but the reality is that it can only automate some design recovery:

'Design recovery recreates design abstractions from a combination of code, existing design documentation (if available), personal experience, and general knowledge about problem and application domains . . . Design recovery must reproduce all of the…...

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Bibliography

Biggerstaff, T.J. (1989, July). Design recovery for maintenance and reuse," Computer, pp. 3649.

Muller, H.A., Wong, K. And Tilley, S.R. Understanding software systems using reverse engineering technology. Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria. Retrieved February 15, 2005 from Web site:  http://www.utdallas.edu/~yxq014100/group/paper/visual-sw-arch/understanding-software-systems-using-reverse-engineering-technology.pdf 

Rayson, P, Garside, R. And Sawyer, P. Recovering legacy requirements. Computing Department, Lancaster University. Retrieved February 15, 2005 from Web site: hl=enhttp://216.239.63.104/search?q=cache:k0X09yv5sx4J:www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/paul/publications/rgs99_refsq.pdf+%22Reverse+engineering%22+accuracy+legacy&

Search-based software testing (SBST) is a testing technique that uses search algorithms to automatically generate test cases. This approach is based on the premise that test cases can be considered as solutions to optimization problems, and search algorithms can be used to find the best possible test cases. SBST has gained popularity in recent years due to its ability to efficiently explore the vast search space of possible test cases and increase the coverage of a software system.
One of the key benefits of SBST is its ability to find test cases that are difficult to manually create. By using search....

Key Findings in Recent Search-Based Software Testing Literature Reviews
1. Significant Improvement in Test Effectiveness:
SBST approaches consistently outperform traditional testing techniques in terms of fault detection and test coverage, especially for complex and dynamic software systems. (Zaidain et al., 2023)
2. Optimization of Test Case Generation:
Advanced search algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms, have been effectively employed to optimize test case generation, leading to more efficient and targeted testing. (Panichella et al., 2020)
3. Automation and Parallelization:
The automation of SBST processes, including test case generation and execution, has greatly improved the efficiency and scalability of these approaches.....

Introduction to AI Engineering

Artificial intelligence (AI) engineering is a rapidly growing field that combines the principles of software engineering and data science to develop, deploy, and maintain AI systems. AI engineers design, build, and manage the infrastructure and processes necessary to train, evaluate, and deploy AI models. Their work involves applying engineering principles to the challenges of developing and scaling AI systems that are reliable, efficient, and meet the needs of users.

The Role of AI Engineers

AI engineers play a crucial role in the development and deployment of AI systems. They work closely with data scientists, machine learning engineers, and other....