Social Systems (Egypt, Aksum, and Inland Niger Delta)
This paper makes comparisons between the early social systems of Egypt, Aksum, and the Inland Niger Delta.
Egypt
Society in early Egyptian history was more structured than either of the other two societies to be reviewed in this paper. Egyptian society was structured like a pyramid, according to U.S. History's pages on Ancient Civilizations. At the top of the pyramid the gods were placed; Isis, Ra, Osiris and other Egyptian gods were most revered and respected because Egyptians believed that gods had control of the universe. They could "make the Nile overflow, cause famine, or even bring death" (U.S. History). Leaders called "pharaohs" were also considered gods (in human form), and they had a huge amount of power to enact laws and lead the military, so they were high on the pyramid. In fact the pyramids in Egypt were built specifically to house pharaohs,…...
mlaWorks Cited
Ancient Civilizations. (2008). Ancient Egypt / Egyptian Social Structure. U.S. History.
Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://www.ushistory.org .
Hirst, Kris K. (2011). Aksum of Ethiopia. About.com. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://archaeology.about.com .
McIntosh, Susan Keech, and McIntosh, Roderick J. (2009). Jenne-Jeno, an Ancient African
It is the process of interaction among family members that determines the rules by which the family is governed. This is the family's level of cohesion, its adaptability, and its communication style. Finally, these interactions work together to serve individual members and collective family needs;
(3) Family function is the output of the interactional system. Utilizing the resources available through its structure (input), the family interacts to produce responses that fulfill its needs; and (4) the family life cycle introduces the element of change into the family system. As the family moves through time, developmental and non-developmental changes alter the family structure and/or the family's needs. These, in turn, produce change in the way the family interacts." (Allen, et al., 2007)
Figure 1 -- the Family System
Source: Allen et al. (2007)
The family is stated by Allen et al. (2007) to have many "attitudes, rules and communication patterns which help to define…...
mlaBibliography
Allen, Jo Ann (1991) Understanding Families, Children's Bureau, Administration for Children, Youth and Families, Office of Human Development Services, United States Department of Health and Human Services. Online available at:
Anderson, Ralph E., Carter, Irl. E. And Lowe, Gary (1999) Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Social Systems Approach. Aldine Transaction 1999. Google Books. Online available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=hYfv-ieHdYkC
Family Developmental Theory (nd) University of Kansas -- Department of Psychology. Online available at: http://www.psych.ku.edu/dennisk/PF642/Family%20Developmental%20Theory.pdf
Fontaine, Reid Griffith (2005) Applying system Principles to Models of Social Information Processing and Aggressive Behavior in Youth. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 11 (2006) 64-76.
Digital Divide
The Social System: User, Managers, and IT Professionals
The term Digital Divide refers to the broad disparities between income groups in terms of availability of information technologies including the Internet and related services. Studies of the Digital Divide show that the greater the accessibility of the Internet, specifically in schools and libraries, the higher the probability of students graduating and pursuing advanced education (Stevenson, 2009). Advocate organizations including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Gates Center for technology Access (GCTA) argue that it is critically important for the Digital Divide to be eradicated to ensure below poverty line children and families have an opportunity to pursue educational opportunities and therefore increase their earning potential (Stevenson, 2009). The hard reality of the Digital Divide is that it exists in the United States just as prevalently as in 3rd world nations (Agarwal, Animesh, Prasad, 2009). The CTA has discovered that…...
mlaReferences
Agarwal, R., Animesh, A., & Prasad, K.. (2009). Social Interactions and the "Digital Divide": Explaining Variations in Internet Use. Information Systems Research, 20(2), 277-294.
Andrew Batson and Shai Oster. (2006, November 22). Politics & Economics: As China Booms, the Poorest Lose Ground; Survey Showing Income Decline Among Bottom 10% Suggests New Wealth Isn't Filtering Down. Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), p. A.4.
James, J.. (2009). Sharing Mechanisms for Information Technology in Developing Countries, Social Capital and Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research, 94(1), 43-59.
Karen L. Middleton, & Valrie Chambers. (2010). Approaching digital equity: is wifi the new leveler? Information Technology & People, 23(1), 4-22.
Chinese Ritual
Enforced Ritual as a Political Tool: Dogma in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
It is difficult for a student of today's world to not look back in awe at the rigid and ritualistic behavior of the Chinese during the periods of the Song and Yuan dynasties. By today's standards, these people's laws and rites demonstrate their ability to submerge individual advancement in order to comply with the social and group dynamics. Why would these, or any other people for that matter submit themselves to such ordered and disciplined ritual? The purpose of this essay is to examine the idea that these people were ignorant of scientific thought and relied on heavily disciplined and ritualistic behavior to make sense of their violent and paternally dominant society.
In Ebrey's translation of the rules of the lineage of charitable estate certain distinctions are brought forward to highlight strict self-discipline measures in order to prove…...
However, in the most recent theory of evolution which discusses the living world appears as the result of chance and an output of different randomly selected natural mills. This kind of development came to present as a result of the need of more subjects or topics in areas such as cybernetic, general system theory, information theory, theories of games which is needed in most decision making process in line with real applications. In mathematics techniques however, there are a number of general assumption which are insufficient and most of the time very contradict themselves (Laszlo & Krippner, 1982).
Again, Laszlo (1982) outlined that von Bertalanffy considered the idea of organization to be involved at various stages in the expression of natural system. This could be highlighted from his first statement on the system which he made between the years 1925-1926, during the time when similar thinking of organism was being…...
mlaReferences
Bailey, K.D. (2004). Beyond System Internals: Expanding the Scope of Living Systems Theory. Los Angeles: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bailey, K.D. (2006). Living systems theory and social entropy theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23, 291-300.
Bertalanffy, L. (1951). General system theory - a new approach to unity of science. (Symposium), Human Biology, 23, 303-361. Dec 1951.
Bertalanffy, L. (1972). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. London: Allen Lane.
Systems Theory
Discuss relationship systems theory healthcare deliver U.S. - What current concepts healthcare explained helped a system theory approach? - What system theory? - How researchers (Ludwig von Bertalanffy Everett M.
Systems theory and diffusion of innovation theory
Systems theory
Systems theory was not specifically designed to cope with the challenges of the U.S. healthcare system, although it has been frequently applied to some of its issues. Systems theory was originally coined by the scientist Ludwig von Bertalanffy to sum up his idea that the 'whole' of systems -- both biological and otherwise -- were larger than the sum of their parts. According to von Bertalanffy, "in the past, science tried to explain observable phenomena by reducing them to an interplay of elementary units investigable independently of each other, conceptions appear in contemporary science that are concerned with what is somewhat vaguely termed 'wholeness', i.e. problems of organization, phenomena not resolvable into local…...
mlaResources
Diffusion of innovation theory. (2013). University of Twente. Retrieved:
This website contains excerpts from E.M. Rogers' work on diffusion of innovation theory, along with a helpful graphical representation of how the information is disseminated.
Kaminski, J. (Spring 2011).Diffusion of innovation theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing.
Social System, Institutional Values and Human Needs_
Burton's Deviance, Terrorism, and War redefined the nature of the problem to be discussed and the means to discuss it. Burton's agenda is not about states and state centric dynamics. He constitutes a new definition of the problem and a new definition of the reality (1979). In fact, the subtitle of his book, solving unsolved social and political problems, attests to this. Burton's work is therefore committed to addressing the process as opposed to stasis or structures. The book is committed to solving social and political problems and not their containment, management, or control. It is committed to initiating change not coercion. It is concerned with recurrent patterns of human behavior at all levels of social complexity (Burton, 1979).
Burton (1979) assesses the way society classifies and defines deviance. Structure of freedom underpins a portion of Burtons work. Structure of freedom is recognized by Burton…...
mlaReferences List
Burton, J. (1965). International Relations, a General Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Burton, J. (1979). Deviance, Terrorism and War: The Process of Solving Unsolved Social and Political Problems. New York: St. Martin's Press.
This in turn generates a kind of societal morality. As a consequence, social order becomes an incorporated trait of everyday life. According to the theory, what people see as standards are indirect behavioral rules. Infringements of the standard lead to diverse amounts of punishment depending on how common the standard may be. Chastisements can come in the shape of being disqualified from one's social group, critical looks, or imprisonment in the case of harsh infringements like killing or assault (Jeanty, 2010).
As sociologists and historians examine social work, they often see a profession the spirit of which is social control. For them the language of therapy, assisting, or even empowerment masquerades a coercive center. Various recent literature of the vocation, conversely, has confronted the attitude of those researchers who depend on case reports as proof of what social workers in fact do in the field has highlighted empowerment in the…...
mlaReferences
Burford, Gale and Adams, Paul. (2010). Restorative justice, responsive regulation and social work. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Web site:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CYZ/is_1_31/ai_n6065937/
Chapter 4: The role of the social worker. (2006). Retrieved March 23, 2011, from Web site:
The religious organization has other-worldly goals, but must adapt to the demands of this world in order to survive. There are generally two kinds of responses to this problem -- the church response and the sect response. The church response is to adapt at the expense of the goals and the sect response is value-rational-to maximize goal commitment at the expense of adaptation (Satow, 1975).
EXAMPLE NATUAL -- Management NEED in Business OGANIZATION
Theories and research concerned with individual performance, employee satisfaction, and reduction of tension between individual and organizational goals deal only with internal aspects of events, relationships, and structures that make up the total organizational system. However, if an organization is seen as an open-energy system, it is apparent that it is dependent for survival and growth upon a variety of energy transfers within the organization and also between the organization and its external environment. It is sure, then,…...
mlaReferences
Barnard, C. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Friedlander, F., and Pickle, H. (1968). Components of Effectiveness in Small Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly13(2), 289-304
Kanigel, Robert (1997). The One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency. New York: http://www.leaonline.com/entityImage/?code=200B
Kloos, B., McCoy, J., Stewart, E., Thomas R.E., Wiley, a., Good,- T.L., Hunt G.D., Moore, T. And Rappaport, J. (1997) Bridging the Gap: A Community-Based, Open Systems Approach to School and Neighborhood Consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 8(2), 175-196
Social Justice
Improving social justice for women has been identified as one of the building blocks of social change. Population control, education, and the eradication of domestic violence are all interlinked. "UNICEF estimates that worldwide, some 117 million school-aged children do not attend school, 62 million of them girls. Attendance rates are lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where only 57% of girls are in school, and just 15% of these go on to secondary school" (About us, 2011, Women's global education fund). Women's education is not simply a feminist issue. Higher rates of female education are linked to lower birth rates and better health outcomes for children as well as women.
Women who are educated are more empowered to take control over family planning and have more resources to take care of the children they do have. "Educated mothers limit their families," says Dr. Yasmin aashid, a leader in obstetrics and gynecology in…...
mlaReferences
About us. (2011). Women's Global Education Project.
Retrieved August 23, 2011 at http://www.womensglobal.org/About%20Us/about.html
Domestic violence. (2011). American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
Retrieved August 23, 2011 at http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp083.cfm
Systems Theory
Napier & Whitaker's (1978) classic The Family Crucible is the benchmark book related to family therapy. The book is thorough, and divided into twenty chapters that cover the gamut of family therapy theory and especially practice. Napier & Whitaker (1978) are family systems theorists, and they openly divulge their appreciation for an approach to individual psychology that takes into account family systems. In other words, no individual can be understood or helped without paying attention to the family situation, its dynamics, and its role in identity formation and coping. The authors discuss dysfunctional family systems via a case study. By focusing on one case study, Napier & Whitaker (1978) show how family systems theory works, and what clients can expect from the process.
The authors weave their personal views and experiences throughout the case study, which clutters and bogs down the narrative, but which also provides a necessary context for…...
mlaReferences
Napier, A.Y. & Whitaker, C. (1978). The Family Crucible. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Therefore, today's society in the United States is diverse, which is something a social worker needs to understand and know how to deal with each diverse group. Furthermore, through research, it has been discovered most ethnic groups that live in the United States consist of young people, which means by staying in this country, they grow accustom to their surroundings. Once they have grown accustom to living here, they feel like this is their home to start a life with their own families. This continues the growing number of ethnic groups in this country.
Due to the educational accommodations that schools and college campuses make for students that have ethnic backgrounds, there is not enough prejudice of one group to let a Holocaust to occur in the United Stated. Furthermore, this country believes in freedom of speech to allow one ethnic to be isolated from the rest and condone any…...
mlaReferences
Dennen, Johan. THE 'EVIL' MIND: PT. 3. CRUELTY AND 'BEAST-IN-MAN' IMAGERY. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://rechten.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/departments/Algemeen/overigepublicaties/2005enouder/EVIL_CRU/EVIL_CRU.pdf
Citrome, Lesilie,. (2007). Aggression. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3005.htm
Hall, Kathy Jo. (1997). Carl Rogers. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://aolsearch.aol.com/aol/search?query=Throughout+this+Jim+knocks+the+clay+figurines+head+of+and+crushes+the+body+while+shouting&invocationType=spelling
Seal, B., A. Bradford, and C. Meston. 2009. The Association Between Body Esteem and Sexual Desire Among College Women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 38, no. 5, (October 1): 866-72. / (accessed April 1, 2010).http://www.proquest.com.library.capella.edu
al., 2009).
Part 5 -- Use of reframing
eframing refers to the manner in which something is said, or the actions one takes in introducing certain elements to clients -- perhaps a new way of looking at an old problem, of themselves, of a clinical issue. In the case of Mrs. O., we would ask that she look to the expansion of her universe through developing language abilities, or helping to find her translation assistance. The reframing stage would also be indicating that her cultural privacy issues about the effects of her medical problems might be contributing to her pain and suffering over them. Instead, reframing the issue would allow us to find a way to solve the problem, while still slowly moving within Mrs. O's comfort zone. eframing, in fact, is applicable when the fixed attitude constitutes a fundamental part of the issue -- in this case, a cultural bias against…...
mlaREFERENCES
Coady, N. And Lehman, P. (2008). Theoretical Perspectives for Direct Social Work Practice.
New York: Springer.
Cournoyer, B.R. (2008). The Social Work Skills Workbook. Belmont, CA: Thompson
Higher Education.
Those values include the fact that I am very socially conscious and am very aware of my responsibilities and obligations as a social worker. I constantly strive to comprehend and understand the theories of human behaviors and social systems, and in doing so I strive to employ that understanding in order to promote the positive aspects of society and mankind. I am very apt to assist someone in solving the problems faced in their life or lives, and oftentimes see simple solutions even in the most complex scenarios. My strengths are that the values and beliefs I hold dear are the same values and beliefs that will hold me in high regard with the clientele I am most likely to interact with.
Humanism in particular plays a pivotal role in my values since I have always cared for my fellow humans and will continue to do so for as long as…...
This leads one to believe that they are not very well off financially and the mother has not real education in order to obtain employment since she is currently attaining administrative assistant training. Antonio also has issues with controlling his behavior when in the daycare environment, as he frequently has violent outbursts and crying spells.
If one were to assess Antonio from an Eco-Feminist perspective one would be better able to understand Antonio and his present behavior. Ecofeminism is the social movement that regards the domination of women and nature as unified. It is one of the few movements and analyses that in fact connect the two movements. Lately, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to reflect on the interconnections flanked by sexism, the domination of nature, and also racism and social dissimilarities (What is Ecofeminism, n.d.). Daniel spent a lot of time suppressing Hilda in his behavior that he…...
mlaReferences
"Neil Adger on Social Resilience." (2010). Retrieved December 2, 2010, from Ecological
Sociology Web site: http://ecologicalsociology.blogspot.com/2010/05/neil-adger-on-social-resilience.html
Kendall, Diana. (2008). Sociology in our Times. Belmont: Thompson Wadsworth.
Mannelli, Sandra. (n.d.). What Are Defense Mechanisms Anyway? Retrieved December 3, 2010,
Social Class and Individual Opportunities: A Systemic Impact
Social class, a hierarchical arrangement based on factors such as income, education, and occupation, exerts a profound influence on individual opportunities and outcomes in society. It shapes access to resources, educational attainment, healthcare, and economic mobility, creating distinct advantages and disadvantages for members of different socioeconomic strata.
Educational Inequality:
One of the most significant ways social class impacts opportunities is through education. Children from higher-income families are more likely to attend prestigious schools, benefit from private tutoring, and have access to advanced educational materials. This advantage translates into better academic performance, higher test scores, and....
Every Event Has an Explanatory Cause
In the realm of philosophy, the concept of causality has been a subject of profound contemplation and debate for centuries. The notion that every event has an explanatory cause, often referred to as the Principle of Universal Causality, has been extensively explored and scrutinized by philosophers and scientists alike. In this essay, we will delve into the multifaceted nature of causality and examine the validity of the claim that every event has an explanatory cause.
Defining Causality
Causality, in its most fundamental sense, refers to the relationship between an event (a cause) and its subsequent event (an....
War poets use irony to convey the harsh realities of conflict by juxtaposing the absurd and contradictory elements of war with the expected outcomes and consequences. By highlighting the disconnect between the idealized notions of war and the gruesome truths of battle, poets are able to emphasize the senselessness and futility of conflict.
For example, poets may use irony to criticize the glorification of war by showing the devastating human cost and suffering it brings. They may depict soldiers as brave heroes on the battlefield, only to reveal the traumatic and dehumanizing conditions they face. Poets may also use irony....
1. Christianity, a religion that has shaped the lives of millions throughout the world, has left an undeniable mark on modern society and cultural norms. From its inception centuries ago, Christianity has been a driving force behind social and ethical development, influencing everything from the way we view the world to the laws we create.
2. The influence of Christianity on modern society is undeniable. Its teachings of love, compassion, and forgiveness have shaped the moral fabric of many cultures, while its emphasis on the importance of education and community has contributed to the development of social welfare....
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