Marriage
Social Pressure to Have or Not Have Children

In the November issue of edbook magazine two articles are available discussing children. The first article discusses TV in the bedroom and its effects on children, and the next discusses strategies for getting kids to sleep at night. The amount of coverage given to children in this magazine is small compared with the overall content of the magazine, however the overall message presented in the book is that it is acceptable if not very common and expected to have children.

A small portion of the advertisements in this magazine is dedicated to children, roughly 2% of the total magazine. The article suggests that children are difficult in some respects. Some subjects covered include trying to et children to sleep through the night which appears a difficult task, trying to talk with children about sleep and avoiding over stimulating children with too much television.

Children…...

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References

Yu, Winnie, "Get Your Kids To Sleep." Redbook, November 2005: 172

No More TV In The Bedrooms." Redbook, November 2005: 171

Socio-Cultural Development
The impact of social pressures and cultural influences on human development are not fully know. Only pieces of information are available for us to understand as there is much to be learned and gathered from this subject. The purpose of this essay is to examine two distinct articles directly related to socio-cultural influences on the development of the human species. This essay will first review and summarize each article on its own merits before offering new conclusions about the feasibility, practicality and overall usefulness of these two arguments presented.

Bakermans-Kranenburg et al. (2004) article about attachment security and minority children helped to expose some important information about the ways culture has a direct and sometimes profound impact on human development. Through statistical analysis gathered from qualitative means, certain patterns of relationships were identified through this study. The study eventually found that there are significant differences in the way that…...

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Works Cited

Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. et al. (2004). Differences in attachment security between African- American and white children; ethnicity or socio-economic status? Infant Behavior & Development,27 (2004) 417-433.

Varela, R. et al. (2009). Parenting strategies and socio-cultural influences in childhood anxiety; Mexican, Latin American descent, and European-American families. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 2009, 609-616.

Social issue alcohol drugs consider a social issue interested. It human freedom, sexuality, deviance, crime, social mobility, poverty, education, aging, similar issues. Select a specific social issue investigate assignment.
Social issue: Drug abuse

The social problem of drug addiction is a long-standing one, yet the causes of addiction and the best way to treat addiction still remain difficult questions to answer. One contentious issue pertains to whether addiction is a 'crime' or an 'illness,' although an increasingly large body of medical research indicates long-term abuse fundamentally rewires addicts' brains and changes their perceptions of reward and punishment. Drugs stimulate dopamine receptors. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that generates a sense of positive well-being: "Just as we turn down the volume on a radio that is too loud, the brain adjusts to the overwhelming surges in dopamine (and other neurotransmitters) by producing less dopamine or by reducing the number of receptors…...

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References

Cratty, Carol. (2011). New rules slashing crack cocaine sentences go into effect. CNN.

Retrieved at:

http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-01/justice/justice_crack-cocaine-sentencing_1_powder-cocaine-fair-sentencing-act-crack-penalties?_s=PM:JUSTICE

Drugs and the brain. (2012). National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Retrieved at:

Social Exchange Theory
the teacher an e-mail states. In words, explain . Your answer pages double spaced. 1. What Social exchange Theory? 2. List focus assumptions Social Exchange Theory describe . 3. How concepts work theory?

What is social exchange theory?

Social exchange theory views human beings as essentially self-interested creatures. 'What's in it for me?' is the underlying question behind all human actions. People engage in social interactions and relationships to obtain benefits for themselves, whether these benefits are economic, social, or personal in nature.

List some focus and assumptions of social exchange theory and describe one of them.

Human beings are assumed to be rational in their behaviors and motivations, and are capable of calculating what is the best of a series of given alternatives to maximize personal gains. There is also an assumption that humans are capable of assimilating enough useful knowledge to make such decisions (Witt 2010).

Human beings are viewed as…...

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References

Witt, David. (2010). Social exchange and developmental theories. Family Crisis.

Retrieved February 7, 2011 at http://www3.uakron.edu/witt/fc/fcnote5b.htm

Lack of rewards for individuals, unintended rewards for loafing: Having some individuals who are collectively-minded paired with workers with a 'what's in it for me' attitude can result in the more generously spirited workers' good will being relied up, while others take credit.

A five best practices

1. Create a common work culture: Friends are often less likely to 'socially loaf' on work teams (Kunishima & elte 2004).

2. Using dispersed teams with a lack of social facilitation factors can be undercut by increasing levels of difficulty and responsibility "As tasks become more difficult and participants perceive they can make a unique contribution to the task, social loafing decreases" (Kunishima & elte 2004).

3. Task uniqueness -- by ensuring members of the work teams have specifically defined roles, there is less of a chance to feel as if others can pick up the slack (Kunishima & elte 2004).

5. Punishment for loafing may be effective…...

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Works Cited

Bansal, Pratima & Sonia Kandola. (2004, March/April) Corporate social responsibility: why good people behave badly in organizations. Business Journal Online. Retrieved February 10, 2009 at  http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/117189488.html 

Big Brother eyes 'boost honesty' (2006, June 28). BBC News. Retrieved February 10, 2009 at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5120662.stm 

Coleman, Andrew. (2001). Social loafing. The Encyclopedia of Psychology. Retrieved February 10, 2009 at  http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-socialloafing.html 

Kunishima, Jill & Kasi Welte. (2004, March) Effects of punishment threats on social loafing

In other words, "the acquisition and transmission of imaginations of the past follows patterns that are specific to the respective generation." (Welzer, 2010, p.5) This is exemplified by the experience of the Sabbateans during the transition of Turkey into a modern nation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920. Traditionally the Sabbateans had followed their religious beliefs in private while maintaining a Moslem facade in public. But after the fall of the Ottomans, and the modernization programs enacted by its new leader Mustafa Kemal, there was enormous social pressure for the Sabbateans to conform to the new ideals of the modern Turkish state by discarding their Sabbatean religious traditions. In other words, the Turks were creating a new social memory that was based on abandoning traditional activities, like practicing Sabbateanism, and embracing the new, progressive activities of the modern Turkish state: exemplified by citizenship. But this new…...

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References

Allan, Diana (2007). "Chapter 10: The Politics of Witness: Remembering and Forgetting 1948 in Shatila Camp," in Nakba: Palestine, 2948, and the Claims of Memory. Eds. Ahmad E. Sa'di and Lila Abu-Lughod.

New York: Columbia UP: 254-282. Print.

Cenarro, Angelo. (2002). "Memory Beyond the Public Sphere: The Francoist

Repression Remembered in Aragon." History and Memory 14(1/2): 165-176

Social Forces and Costs of Cheating
Causal-Analysis Essay

The rules of personal academic conduct generally require students to do the work necessary to complete class assignments on their own. Any effort to evade this rule in a manner that maintains the impression that the student is performing adequately, would be considered cheating.

Academic cheating can take many forms, from looking over the shoulder of a classmate during an exam, writing notes on inside of the palm or forearm, purchasing the answers from an online service, to paying someone to complete a take-home exam. The justifications a student might use for cheating can be just as varied, and can include being uninterested in the course material, struggling to keep up, a temporary personal crisis, scheduling conflicts, or arrogance. While all of us have experienced personal problems, scheduling conflicts, and boring class material, and some of us may have found instructional material too advanced, not…...

Social psychology is the study of human behavior in social situations, showing how social pressures and sociological variables can impact psychological phenomenon such as identity, motivation, personality, or behavior. A quintessential topic in the field of social psychology is bullying. Bullying can be studied from a public health perspective, showing how the external variables such as how a school is designed and the leadership and organizational culture of the school affects risk factors implicated in bullying behaviors or victimization patterns. Alternatively, bullying can be examined from a purely psychological perspective to reveal the factors implicated in aggressive physical or verbal behaviors or alternatively, to study victim characteristics or why some bystanders refuse to step in when they observe bullying behaviors. This latter issue links in with the social psychology approach. The social psychology of bullying examines factors like why some people perpetrate bullying behaviors due to their upbringing, their sense…...

Travis Hirschi's Social Bonding Theory
The theorist, Hirschi, asserts that those who exhibit deviant behavior desire to do so and that criminal behavior is seen among people with weak social bonds. In his social bonding model, he delineated four elements which make up social bonds, namely, attachment to partner/spouse, engagement in conforming behaviors, holding conventional beliefs and values, and dedication to conventionality (Wolfzorn, Heckert & Heckert, 2006). The theorist indicates that with increased attachment of a person to fellow human beings, their belief in conformist social values will increase. Furthermore, with increased investment and involvement in conventional activity, their propensity to deviate will decrease (Chriss, 2007).
 

Four Elements of Social Bonding Theory

Social bonding has four elements, namely: attachment, involvement, belief, and commitment.

The first component -- attachment -- denotes individuals' ties to their spouses or partners, and other members of the family. This aspect encompasses the extent of a person's emotional or affectional…...

social construction relate critical incident stress? 2. Is CISM applicable emergency -emergency persons? Why ? 3. Why important distinguish CISM psychotherapy? Sources: Mitchell, J.
CISM: Questions

How does social construction relate to critical incident stress?

Stresses from critical incidents do not occur in a 'bubble.' Social pressures are critical components of interpersonal and environmental stress, spanning from the problems that arise from drug and alcohol abuse; emotional, physical, and sexual workplace violence; domestic violence and child abuse; post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide. Tensions between different groups can lead to divisiveness and violence if not appropriately managed. Different cultural standards regarding sexual or other interpersonal behaviors can create miscommunication and escalating tensions in the workplace. Gender assumptions can result in female and child victimization, if a man feels he has a 'right' to 'treat' his family according to standards of patriarchal dominance. The trauma of war, living in high-crime areas, deprivation, or sexual…...

social networking has in the last couple of years stirred a lot of debate among politician and scholars alike. The level of risks and benefits associated with social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace especially to children and teenagers has elicited a mixed reaction among the debating parties. In this paper we present a systematic analysis of the implications of social networking sites for both children and teenagers with a sharp focus on Facebook. We also focus on the benefits as well as the issue surrounding the use of social networking sites by use of relevant illustrations. Overall, we evaluate how the use of computer technology has impacted the society in general and education in particular.
Definition of Social Networking

Several scholars have attempted to define the concept of social networking and its components. Boyd & Ellison (2007) define social networking sites as special web-based services that are developed…...

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References

Berkshire District Attorney. Sexting. Pittsfield, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 2010.

Availableonline at: www.mass.gov/?pageID_ berterminal&L_3&L0_Home&L1_Crime_Awareness_%26_Prevention&L2_Parents_

%26_Youth&sid_Dber&b_terminalcontent&f_parents_youth_sexting&csid_Dber. Accessed onApril 5, 2011

Tynes, BM (2007),Internet Safety Gone Wild? Sacrificing the Educational and Psychosocial

Moral Licensing and Morality:
Does Being Good Make You Bad?

This study focuses on 107 psychology students living in Australia for more than a year. The students were given a moral licensing crime task with two potential suspects; one of whom was more likely to be guilty. For the control group, both suspects were Anglo Australians; for the moral licensing group, the less suspicious suspect was Aboriginal. The hypotheses were that: moral licensing will not impact explicit moral self-concept; moral licensing will have a negative impact on implicit moral self-concept; moral licensing will make participants less racially sensitive; and moral licensing will make participants less likely to volunteer than the control participants. There was no significant different between the control condition and the moral licensing condition for explicit moral self-concept or for racism sensitivity. Participants in the control condition scored higher on the test for implicit moral self-concept and were more…...

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References

Aquino, K., & Reed, A. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology, 83, 1423-1440.

Effron, D. A, Miller, D.T., & Monin, B. (2012). Inventing racist roads not taken: the licensing effect of immoral counterfactual behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 103, 916-932. doi:10.1037/a0030008

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Bystander Effect and the Suppression of Heroic Acts:
    This essay explores the social problem of the bystander effect, where the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. The discussion can delve into psychological theories explaining this phenomenon, its impact on society's ability to nurture heroism, and potential strategies to encourage individual action despite the social pressures of passivity.

2. False Heroism in the Age of Social Media:
    This topic examines the issue of performative heroism on social media platforms, where individuals may engage in heroic acts for the sake of online recognition rather than genuine altruism. The essay can discuss the implications such behavior has on the perception and value of true heroism in society, and how this phenomenon may dilute the importance of selfless acts in the public eye.

3. Commercialization of Heroism and Its Societal Impact:
    The essay on this topic…...

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Primary Sources

Allison, Scott T., and George R. Goethals. Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Franco, Zeno E., Kathy Blau, and Philip G. Zimbardo. \"Heroism: A Conceptual Analysis and Differentiation between Heroic Action and Altruism.\" Review of General Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, 2011, pp. 99-113.

Becker, Ernest. The Denial of Death. Free Press, 1973.

Rank, Otto. The Myth of the Birth of the Hero: A Psychological Interpretation of Mythology. Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1914.

Ehrenreich, Barbara. Bright-sided: How the Relentless Promotion of Positive Thinking Has Undermined America. Metropolitan Books, 2009.

Nietzsche's "madman" and the Madness of the First orld ar as viewed "In Flanders's Field" and All Quiet on the estern Front
The essence of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche is a stated view of human existence where all individuals possessing attributes of excellence or superiority are at odds with their complacent, or intellectually slumbering society. Nietzsche's supposed madman of his famous "Parable" voiced a critique and a prophesy of the world, a world that had killed God, for better or for worse. Yet the world, said the madman, temporarily remained willfully ignorant of this fact and thus the madman's truth remained unheard and deliberately misunderstood by the masses as merely the voice of madness, so spoke Nietzsche in the "Parable of the Madman." (Nietzsche, 1882).

In his parable as well, Nietzsche suggested that such willed acts of individual knowledge and by extension, excellence, in the form of 'killing God,' were not…...

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Works Cited

Nietzsche, Friedrich. "The Parable of the Madman." 1882. Retrieved on March 28, 2004 at  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/nietzsche-madman.html 

McCrae, John. "In Flanders Field." Retrieved on March 28, 2004 at  http://www.yankeedoodles.net/inflandersfield.htm

Pressures to Conform or Obey
Western nations pride themselves on allowing their citizens freedom to choose for themselves their paths and destinies. However, psychological and sociological pressures often trump government-granted freedoms, especially in certain situations.

Sociology is the examination of the social lives of humans, groups, and societies, often defined as the study of social interactions. It is a relatively new academic discipline that evolved in the early 19th century throughout Europe and America. It deals with the social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions.

In fact, sociology is concerned with our behavior as social beings; as a result the sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the examination of global social processes. In a broad sense, sociology manifests the scientific examination of social groups, the entities through…...

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Bibliography

Orwell, George. (1949). 1984. New York: Bantam.

Janis, Irving. (1972). Groupthink. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Aperture. (2005). The New Workplace. New York: Aperture.

KidsHealth.org. (2005). Dealing with peer pressure.  http://kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/friend/peer_pressure.html .

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a compelling anecdote, statistic, or quote that captures the importance of honesty.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument of the essay, which should be a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted nature of honesty.

II. Body Paragraph 1: The Ethical Imperative of Honesty
A. Discuss the moral and ethical principles that underpin honesty, including integrity, trust, and fairness.
B. Explain why honesty is essential for fostering healthy relationships, maintaining social harmony, and promoting justice.
C. Provide examples of how dishonesty can erode trust and damage communities.

III. Body Paragraph 2: The Challenges of Maintaining Honesty
....

I. Introduction
A. Definition and brief explanation of female genital mutilation (FGM)
B. Purpose of the essay

II. Understanding Female Genital Mutilation
A. Historical background and cultural significance of FGM
B. Classification of different types of FGM
C. Prevalence of FGM across the world

III. Impact of Female Genital Mutilation
A. Physical consequences of FGM
1. Immediate health risks
2. Long-term health complications
B. Psychological and emotional effects on women and girls
1. Psychological trauma
2. Impact on sexual and reproductive health

IV. Factors Contributing to the Continuation of FGM
A. Deep-rooted cultural beliefs and norms
B. Social pressures and community expectations
C.....

1. Physical Inactivity

- Sedentary lifestyles, with increased screen time replacing physical activities
- Lack of accessible and safe places for physical activity
- Insufficient emphasis on physical education in schools

2. Unhealthy Diet

- High consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats
- Limited access to fresh and healthy foods in low-income areas
- Aggressive marketing of unhealthy foods to children

3. Genetics and Biology

- Genetic predisposition to obesity
- Hormonal imbalances or medical conditions that contribute to weight gain

4. Socioeconomic Factors

- Low income and poverty: Limited access to healthy food options, safe environments for physical activity
- Food insecurity: Inconsistent access to nutritious meals
- Educational disparities:....

To Kill a Mockingbird: Key Themes and Plot Points

Themes:

Racial Prejudice and Injustice: The novel explores the pervasive racism and prejudice in the American South, particularly the unjust trial of Tom Robinson, an innocent black man accused of raping a white woman.
Moral Development and Childhood Innocence: The story follows Scout Finch's journey from a naive child to a mature and morally aware young woman, who witnesses firsthand the complexities of adult society.
Perspective and Empathy: Harper Lee emphasizes the importance of seeing events from multiple perspectives and recognizing the humanity in others, even those who are different from ourselves.
....