SOCIAL MOVEMENTS & INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence

On a basic or fundamental level, social movements are changes made mostly by the people and not a government or law enforcement agency. Social movements are not immediate and take years and often decades to yield results. Social movements are often but not always a response to unfairness, injustice, intolerance, and imbalance within a culture and/or society. In recent global history, the decade that saw a great deal of change due to social movements was the 1960s. In the 21st century, greatly in part to the advent of certain forms of digital technology, social movements are on the rise and grassroots activism has dispersed to deeper levels around Earth. Social movements are forms of organized actions usually taken by those who are disenfranchised, marginalized, or otherwise isolated or oppressed by the mainstream culture in which the social movement takes place. Social movements can enact a change, undo…...

King called upon Black churches to challenge the status quo and to change the pervasively oppressive social order. acism, economic and labor exploitation and war were named by King as the three greatest evils of American society and they needed to be fully eradicated to resolve social disparity.
King's idea of integration was complex; he struggled to eliminate or reduce poverty by linking political power, wealth, and poverty...."King's unfinished search for more radical reforms in America may have been the central reason he was killed."..."Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both assassinated," Allen (1983: 322) writes, "at precisely the point at which they began working actively and consciously against the racism and exploitation generated by the American capitalist system..." (Jalata, 2003, p. 67)

The value of understanding the issue of class had been one that was a significant aspect of social reform research, since the post war period. One of…...

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References

Curran, L. (2003). The Culture of Race, Class, and Poverty: The Emergence of a Cultural Discourse in Early Cold War Social Work. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 30(3), 15.

Hon, L.C. (1997). To Redeem the Soul of America: Public Relations and the Civil Rights Movement. Journal of Public Relations Research, 9(3), 163-212.

Howe, B., & Pidwell, R. (2002). Poverty Research and Social Policy. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 37(2), 113.

Jalata, a. (2003). Comparing the African-American and Oromo Movements in the Global Context. Social Justice, 30(1), 67.

The perspectives presented in the first instance by the two main candidates for the Democrat nomination is essential. Their presence of the ballots raises serious questions that in the end target defining issues for the American society. On the one hand, Hilary Clinton addresses the issue of women in the society and in the political and civil arena; on the other hand, Obama underlines the existence of the African-American community, the issue of discrimination, and the need for emancipation in this sense. Although these matters have been discussed along the decades, their importance is greater at this point because these problems and issues are raised at the highest level.

The other dimension of the idea that the current electoral campaign is labeled "a social movement" is the actual electoral platforms the two candidates have. Indeed, both Clinton and Obama are running for the same nomination and one of them will have…...

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Bibliography: Hilary Clinton. 2005. 24 March 2008.  http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43 

The New York Times. Politics. Issues. 2008. 24 March 2008  http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/issues/index.html#/context=detail/issue=immigration/candidateA=obama/candidateB=allDem

Women's health, sexuality, motherhood, and other issues became of real importance. They were talked about instead of just hushed. Both men and women benefited from the women's movement. Society, however, was the major benefactor, as women's perspectives were able to influence everything from government to entertainment.
The continuation of the women's movement would have a similarly strong impact. This movement would encourage the complete equality of men and women in the home, instead of just in the workplace. The impact of this would be great on the American family. For the first time, many American children would be raised to understand that supporting a family, maintaining a house, and caring for a family is the job of both men and women. This would lead to the eradication of stereotypes. Furthermore, the continuation of the women's movement must address the inequality in contributions from women to many disciplines before the women's…...

Social Work as a Social Movement
During the early part of the 20th century, social work was a way of helping individuals, but did little to question the status quo of larger groups of people. However, beginning in the 1950s, broad-based social movements began to challenge relationships that had previously been seen as private. While the underpinnings of these movements began in the 1950s, they became prominent in the 1960s. These movements made issues that had previously been considered private, such as the relationship between the sexes, public issues. In fact, it is fair to say that social movements politicized previously private issues, bringing broader attention to certain inequities. This led to some change, though not as much change as movement-leaders sought. Galeano and Klein both discuss the idea of social work as a social movement, and the relationship between the everyday work of helping individual people and the larger-concept of…...

Suffrage Questions:

1. One of the first strategies that the Sentinels employed with the purpose of being heard was to relate to early twentieth century gender concepts that would provide political voice to women. Also, by emphasizing that they were an active part of the American society, they insisted that they should receive equal democratic recognition from the masses. Lastly, they took advantage of President Wilson's militaristic doctrine to turn their fight into a greater conflict that involved women everywhere who needed to be freed from being persecuted as a result of their gender.

2. Susan B. Anthony used the Fourth Amendment as a tool to demonstrate that she was right in lobbying in regard to women suffrage. "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside" and "No state shall make or…...

The post-colonial state in Egypt was shaped by nationalism and nationbuilding, regionalism (pan-Arabism and pan-Islamism), contestations over legitimacy and interest-based and populist corporatism (Ayubi, 1991). More recently the focus shifted to discussions about civil society and democratization (Al-Sayyid, 1993; S. Ibrahim, 1995; S. Ibrahim (ed.), 1993; Norton (ed.), 1995; Zaki, 1995). In these works special attention has been given to Islamist organizations and their role in Egypt's 'civil society' associations (Kepel, 1985; Marty & Appleby (eds.), 1991; Stowasser (ed.), 1987; Zaki, 1995; Zubaida, 1992). Zaki, for example, contrasts the general weakness and political ineffectiveness that he attributes to the overwhelming majority of associations to the overall strength of Islamic associations (Al-Ali 2000:53)."

Feminist politics is somewhat subversive then, working through and against the state in a very candid way, but in a way that self-polices (54). That is to say in a way that remains respectful of Islamic law, which is…...

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Works Cited

http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105452619

Al-Ali, Nadje. 2000. Secularism, Gender, and the State in the Middle East: The Egyptian Women's Movement. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Book online. Available from Questia,   Accessed 5 May 2008. Ganji, Manouchehr. 2002. Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance / . Westport, CT: Praeger, Questia. 20 Nov. 2006  http://questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102106483 . http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001188974http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105452622.Internet .

Gole, Nilufer. 2000. Snapshots of Islamic Modernities. Daedalus 129, no. 1: 91. Database online. Available from Questia,   Accessed 5 May 2008. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001228850http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001188974.Internet .

Humphrey, Michael. 2000. Violence, Voice and Identity in Algeria. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) 22, no. 1: 1. Database online. Available from Questia,   Accessed 5 May 2008. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102504005http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001228850.Internet .

Policy reforms split movement coalitions, and fracture and demobilize movements. Because participating groups enter social movements with a range of goals, it is not surprising that they would view acceptable outcomes differently. Coalition dynamics are inherently unstable, as participants are constantly aware of the changing viability and value of particular alliances. In liberal polities, where political institutions are relatively permeable, coalitions are particularly fluid. A very recent example illustrates this point. Whereas laboratory research on the human genome rarely gets much public attention or understanding, periodic decision windows offer an invitation for concerned groups to weigh in. The decision about whether to fund research on human stem cell lines revisits, and reconfigures, old coalitions from the abortion debate. Research scientists, absent en bloc from the abortion debate, weighed in heavily on the question of stem cell research, mobilizing in their behalf, victims of a range of diseases that might…...

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Empowering the population through universal education and health care. India needs to improve its HDI rank, as at 127 it is way below many other developing countries' performance. The UPA government is committed to furtering economic reforms and developing basic infrastructure to improve lives of the rural poor and boost economic performance. Government had reduced its controls on foreign trade and investment in some areas and has indicated more liberalization in civil aviation, telecom and insurance sector in the future (India Economy).

Conclusion

Along with that, "within the limit of governmental institutions, we tend to see even less when our rhetoric tends to elbowout what does not appeal to the short-run, efficiency concerns of the middle manager. The median voters -- "the paying customers -- "of PAeducational institutions (students) and professional organizations (members) tend to gain the scope they want. I feel military and knitting examples coming on. That is like directing all one's teaching at the sergeant level and ignoring all issues of strategy or even large-scale tactics. That is like learning how to knit only socks, just because I am now employed as a sock maker"(Farmer, 2002). With that, public policy can change from a rhetorical structure, which a social movement can influence in a positive manner.

Social Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr.
Like most modern day nations, the United States has been heavily influenced by the social philosophies of past leaders. Our nation's founders (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, etc.) espoused the ideas of democracy and civil liberty, and their philosophy led to the free nation we live in today. The likes of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglas believed in freedom for all, and their philosophy gave way to the end of slavery. Similarly, Martin Luther King Jr. believed in the equality of man, civil rights, and most importantly, peaceful means in achieving those ends. For the purposes of this paper, I will evaluate King's values, his rational, and his means of achieving his objectives using two pieces of documentation -- a letter written to fellow ministers from a Birmingham, Al. Jail, and a speech given to striking workers entitled, "I've Been to the Mountaintop." In…...

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Works Cited

King Jr., Martin Luther. 1963. "Letter From Birmingham Jail." Almaz Website.

www.almaz.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html.

King Jr., Martin Luther. 1968. "I've Been to the Mountaintop." Afscme.org.

www.afscme.org/about/kingspch.htm.

BLM and Covid 19 The U S at a Critical Crossroads During the mid-1960s, the United States faced an existential threat when the combination of growing civil unrest over America’s military involvement in Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular and pressure from a wide array of civil rights groups demanded equal treatment as well as their full complement of constitutional rights. The face that the republic survived this severe test to its viability underscores the strength of the U.S. Constitution as a living document, capable of responding to changes in prevailing social views and innovations in technology. Today, the nation is once again being sorely tested by a global coronavirus pandemic and a corresponding unprecedented economic downturn, but this time the demands for civil rights are far more broad-based and potentially disruptive to business as usual for mainstream politicians in the United States. The purpose of this paper is…...

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References

About BLM. (2020). Black Lives Matter. Retrieved from

Da Silva, C. (2020, July 17). BLM co-founder: ‘The entire world is saying black lives matter now.\\' Newsweek, 175(1), 37.

Harris, S. M. (2020, July). Black lives matter to systemic family therapists. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(3), 383.

O’Hara, M. E. (2020, July 27). Black-owned businesses see gains. Adweek, 61(16), 5.

Solomon, D., Maxwell, C. & Castro, A. (2019, August 7). Systematic inequality: Displacement, exclusion, and segregation. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from  https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2019/08/07/472617/systemic-inequality-displacement-exclusion-segregation/ .

https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/.

People use various rhetorical techniques in order to have an impact on their audience. Four of these are: (a) conveying a sense of their own reality by invoking ideals (b) reverting to cultural norms to teach a lesson / persuade; (c) a transcendent appeal and (d) the moral arena of have or have not. Each of these can be exemplified in the attached essays.
TEACHING EALITY/INVOKING IDEALS

It seems to me that Cathcart"s essay best signifies this. The author discusses when and when not a movement can be described as confrontational. He goes into great lengths discussing the terms confrontational against other realistic terms and arguing where or not it can be accurately used in this sense. The author tries to get to the pith of the sense of the movement -- to touch at its reality. Man he says acts as 'symbol makers'. We often attach symbols to things that distort…...

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References

Beasly VB Engendering democratic change

Cathcart, RS: Movements as confrontational form

Pauley, GE LYNDON B. JOHNSON, "WE SHALL OVERCOME" (15 MARCH 1965) Voices of Democracy 3 (2008): 17-33

There are definitely similarities between the two works. They are each a collection of essays that cover a multitude of complicated topics and opinions within the redefinition of modern social movements. The idea that social movements and political power are continuing to change is the main concern of both works. For ose, it is the advanced liberal that is molding social movements and political discourse within the Western world, whereas for Wignaraja, it is showing how the social movements of the past in places like Africa simply were not effective enough and need to evolve into more sympathetic movements designed for the people, not the ruling parties alone. Modern theories and discourse must be able to adapt with these changes.

eferences

Almond, Gabriel Abraham & Verba, Sidney. 1989. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Sage Publications.

Calhoun, Craig. 1994. "Social Theory and the Politics of Identity." In Social Theory…...

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References

Almond, Gabriel Abraham & Verba, Sidney. 1989. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Sage Publications.

Calhoun, Craig. 1994. "Social Theory and the Politics of Identity." In Social Theory and the Politics of Identity. P. 9-36. Wiley-Blackwell.

Chandhoke, Neera. 2002. "The Limits of Global Civil Society." Global Civil Society. Centre for the Study of Global Governance. P 35-53.

Rose, Nikolas S. 1999. Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Role of Social Media in Social Movements The rapid technological advancements have played a major role in shaping today’s society, especially in terms of communication and information sharing. Technological developments have contributed to the emergence of social media, whose use has grown rapidly over the last decade (Anderson et al., 2018). Currently, many people across the globe including in the United States are using a wide range of social networking sites to get news and information. As a result, social media has become a key avenue for public discourse on various issues as people engage in civic-related discussions and activities. For many people, social media allows them to obtain more secure and reliable information or knowledge on various issues including civic-related issues (Balci & Golcu, 2013). By providing avenues for people to get more secure and reliable information and enhancing communication, social media has played a critical role in recent social…...

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References

Anderson, M., Toor, S., Rainie, L. & Smith, A 2018. Public Attitudes Toward Political Engagement on Social Media. Pew Research Center. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Balci, S. & Golcu, A 2013. The Role and Impacts of Social Media in Social Movements: “Example of the Arab Spring.” The Asian Conference on the Social Sciences, pp.269-281.

Breuer, A 2012. The Role of Social Media in Mobilizing Political Protest. German Development Institute. Viewed November 26, 2020,  

Brown, H., Guskin, E. & Mitchell, A 2012. The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings. Pew Research Center. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Cammaerts, B 2015. Social Media and Activism. LSE Research Online. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Clark, E 2012. Social Movement & Social Media: A Qualitative Study of Occupy Wall Street. Sodertorn University. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Elshahed, H 2020. Social Media Mobilization and Political Activism in Egypt. Global Media Journal, vol. 18, no. 34. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Granillo, G 2020. The Role of Social Media in Social Movements. Portland Monthly. Viewed November 26, 2020,

Social Marketing Plan
Stop Crime, Be a Human first

Historically, South Africa was colonized under a brutish Apartheid system where there was a clear distinction in South Africa between the various divisions of the population before 1991. These racial categorizations were the Africans (black), Asians, the Coloreds and the Whites. This law has long been abolished but the majority of the South Africans still view each other along these racial lines (U.S. Department of state, 2011). It is estimated that the population of South Africa is 49.9 million people of whom the black Africans make up the 79.4% of the population and are also divided into various ethnic groups. The whites take up 9.2% while the Indian/Asians make up 2.6% of the total population and 8.8% being the coloreds (SouthAfrica.info, 2011).

According to Beggs et.al, (2001) there is a wide disparity between the blacks and the whites holding white collar jobs with the…...

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References

SouthAfrica.info, (2011). South Africa's population. Available at (Accessed 18 May 2011)http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/population.htm

BBC (2003). Xenophobia in South Africa. Available at   (Accessed 18 May 2011)http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3153461.stm 

Beggs, John J., and Wayne J. Villemez. (2001). Regional Labor Markets. Sourcebook of Labor

Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes, edited by Ivar Berg and Arne L. Kalleberg. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. (503-29).

Social Psychology: Examining the Principles of Persuasion Influencing Group Behavior
Introduction & Outline of the

esearch Evaluation

Concepts of Social Psychology

Attitudes and Persuasion

Social Identity Theory

Social Influences

Cultural and Gender Influences

Social Psychology: Examining the Principles of Persuasion Influencing Group Behavior

Introduction & Outline of the Essay

Social psychology deals with different aspects of social life and social behavior. People not only have feelings and opinions about nearly everything they come into contact with, but the argument has been made that we need to have these feelings and opinions. The current essay is aimed at exploring the principles of persuasion influencing group behavior. The foundation for this essay is text book "Social Psychology" by Myers (2010) which discusses the attitude theory and persuasion, reviewing how attitudes are structured and how this structure influences their susceptibility to change

The essay is divided into four sections. In the first section the researcher will evaluate latest research and pertinent literature allied to…...

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References

Baker, David P. And Deborah Perkins Jones. 1993. "Creating Gender Equality: Cross-national Gender Stratification and Mathematical Performance." Sociology of Education 66:91-103.

Bassili, J.N. (2008). Attitude strength. In W.D. Crano & R. Prislin, (Eds.), Attitudes and attitude change, Frontiers of social psychology. New York, NY; Psychology Press, pp. 261-286.

Cialdini, R.B. 2001. Influence: Science and Practice. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Eagly, A.H. & Chaiken, S. (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

## Crypto Market Dynamics and Emerging Trends

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- Growth and Innovation: DeFi protocols offer a range of financial services, such as lending, borrowing, and trading, without the need for intermediaries.
- New Tokenomics: DeFi introduces innovative token designs that reward liquidity providers and community members.
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1. The Role of Emotions in Political Decision Making: Exploring how emotions influence political beliefs and actions, and whether they should be considered in political theory.

2. The Impact of Technology on Political Communication: Analyzing how social media and other digital platforms have changed political discourse and debate in the modern age.

3. Intersectionality in Political Theory: Examining how issues of race, gender, and class intersect in political theory and shape debates on social justice and equality.

4. The Ethics of Political Violence: Discussing the moral implications of using violence as a political tool and when it may be justified.

5. Post-Colonial Perspectives in....

Title: The Evolution of Correctional Institutions: A Historical Perspective

Introduction:

Provide a brief overview of the history of corrections, highlighting significant eras and developments.
Discuss the changing philosophies and practices of punishment and rehabilitation.
Introduce the concept of the historical perspective and its relevance to understanding contemporary corrections.

Body:

1. The Early Days: Retribution and Punishment:

Explore the historical roots of retribution and punishment as dominant themes in corrections.
Examine the use of corporal punishment, solitary confinement, and other harsh methods.
Discuss the impact of these practices on inmates and the overall effectiveness of corrections.

2. The Rise of Rehabilitation and Reform:

Trace the....

1. The role of governance in promoting social justice and equality
2. The impact of partisan politics on government efficiency and effectiveness
3. The concept of power and its implications for political theory
4. The role of political ideology in shaping policy decisions
5. The relationship between democracy and human rights in political theory
6. The influence of globalism on the future of political theory
7. The changing role of the state in a globalized world
8. The intersection of politics and ethics in political theory
9. The challenges of implementing political theory in practice
10. The role of political institutions in promoting stability and democracy
11. The concept of....