Ban eliminated smoking in most public places.
The idea is to protect non-smokers from second hand smoke.

Smokers view this as a violation of their Constitutional rights.

The question is whose rights take precedence.

Controversy

The mayor of Dallas supports the ban.

Restaurants feel the ban will hurt business.

Councilwoman says the ban does not go far enough.

Restaurants try to get enforcement of the ban blocked.

Smokers group tries to get ban's wording changed by using a petition.

Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke

Negative upper respiratory effects have been proven.

Asthma can be aggravated in children.

Links to heart disease and cancer have not been proven.

Exposure to second hand smoke can result in hospitalization for extremely sensitive individuals.

D. Conclusion

It's impossible to justify allowing people to smoke in public if it will cause harm or discomfort to even one person.

Based on this information, the ban is just.

THESIS STATEENT

This paper takes the position that the smoking ban is just, and that the rights…...

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McFadden, Rogie. "Mayor Dreams of Smoke-Free World." Citizine. 2003. http://www.citizinemag.com/texas/texas-0302_dallas.htm>.

Savona, David. "The Battle Against the Dallas Smoking Ban." Cigar Aficionado. 2003.  http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Daily/CA_Daily_News/0,2342,782,00.html .

Second Hand Smoke and Your Family." American Lung Association. 2002.  http://www.lungusa.org/tobacco/smosecondha.html >.

" (Montini, Bero, 2008)
During their research, Montini and Bero spoke with many bar owners and discussed the problem of compliance with the law. They found that generally they all wanted to comply because compliance meant no fines and bars had very slim margin of profits which meant they did not want to owe any money to the agencies. But they complained of "level playing field" issue. For a restaurant owner, the same problem may arise. Since there is no level playing field, compliance can be hindered. Not all restaurants in the vicinity of this restaurant would want to comply with this law and those who don't are likely to cause fewer problems for their customers. This meant customers have an option available if smoking ban is too strict at one restaurant. However, if all restaurant owners sit together and decide in favor of compliance then customers will have no choice…...

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References

Theresa Montini and Lisa A Bero. Implementation of a workplace smoking ban in bars: The limits of local discretion. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:402

All these variables are viewed to have a direct effect on the student as an individual thus are important to consider.
School-level variables

There are variables that will be considered at school-level and these will be generated from the responses or data collected from the individual variables. The first variable in this case is the prevalence of rules or policy banning smoking in schools and this will be deduced from the responses given by the students as individuals and will indicate the average percentage of schools that have such rules.

Significance of the study

Currently there are many cases of school unrests caused by students through strikes which lead to disruption of activities and even destruction of property. Such actions have more often been associated to drug and substance use among students which include smoking, drinking and other modes of administering drugs. This has also led to the drastic reduction on performance levels…...

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Bibliography

Abernathy, T.J. et al. (2002). Relationship between poverty and health among adolescents.

Adolescence 37:55 -- 67.

Aveyard, P. et al. (2004). Methodological and substantive review of the evidence that schoolscause pupils to smoke. Social Sciences Medicine 58: 2253 -- 65.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (1994). Guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. MMWR, 43:1 -- 18.

" All this means that the ban is not effective nor applied as it should be. And a major effect it generated was controversy and a never ending dispute.
In order to retain their customers, local facilities have changed their status. For instance, a local diner and family place, posed on their door the "21 and over" sign as to be considered an age-restricted venue and still keep its smoking customers. And this procedure is more and more common, especially after bar sales dropped at a rate of 20 up to 30% per week when patrons did not allow smoking. They explained that once they turned to "21 and over," they sales went back up.

Other bars kept the smoking restriction and their customers went into the street to smoke. The success of this measure is given by the fact that most smokers are anyway uncomfortable to be smoking around non-smokers; therefore…...

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References

Repa, B.K., Your Rights at the Workplace, NOLO Publishing, 2007

Tennessee Smoking Ban Effective October 1, Topix, 2007,   accessed on March 5, 2008http://www.topix.com/law/employment-labor/2007/09/tennessee-smoking-ban-effective-october-1last 

Tennessee's Smoking Ban Takes Effect, the Thoughtful Conservative Word Press, October 1, 2007,   accessed on March 5, 2008http://thoughtfulconservative.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/tennessees-smoking-ban-takes-effect/last 

Smoking Ban Effects, WZTV FOX Nashville, February 18, 2008

It is the equivalent of banning air traffic to protect the hearing of people who choose to live next to airports.
Modern urban society is associated with many risks and compromises not required of those who choose to live in more suburban communities. Environmentalists tell us that breathing smog is damaging to our lungs, which is a valid reason to exercise the freedom of choice not to live in a large city. Just as concentrated vehicle exhaust gases and industrial air pollution are inherent risks of the choice to live in urban and industrial environments, tobacco smoke is an inherent risk of patronizing business establishments where smoking is permitted.

A stronger argument against smoking in bars and restaurants is made by individuals who work in the food and drink service industry, because they are exposed to second-hand smoke continually. On the other hand, if second-hand smoke is that much of a…...

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References

Aamot, Gregg. At One Minnesota Bar, the Show's Over; Associated Press (March 14, 2008). Retrieved March 30, 2008, from the Fox News website, at  http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Mar14/0,4670,SmokingBanLoophole,00.html 

Nizza, Mike. Watering Down Smoking Bans; the New York Times (March 28, 2008). Retrieved March 30, 2008, from the New York Times website, at  http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/28/watering-down-smoking-bans/?hp 

O'Neill, Xana and Lite, Jordan. Real Estate Companies Making it Tougher for Smokers in Their Homes; the New York Daily News (March 30, 2008). Retrieved March 30, 2008, from the NY Daily News website, at: www.nydailynews.com/news/2008/03/30/2008-0330_real_estate_companies_making_it_tougher_.html

policy proposal addressing the smoking ban in restaurants and bars in Denver. The arguments as well as suggestions will be presented in three main parts:
Smoking has been one of the most controversial topics in Denver because the authorities of the government are in the opinion of banning smoking in restaurants and bars but they also need opinions and advices from the people living in Denver. Based on their suggestions and advices the authorities would take any action related to their idea of banning smoking especially in restaurants and bars.

This decision of the government authorities has been generated from the facts that the smokers have polluted the environments of restaurants and bars and the people who are non-smokers, ultimately suffers because of those who smoke in the bars and restaurants. These people have made complaints against the action of smokers and therefore, they have requested the authorities and the government…...

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Works Cited

As retrieved from Smoking ban proposed to protect employees in bars and restaurants On April 22,2004http://www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int/2002/12/inbrief/no0212101n.html.

As retrieved from The benefits to smoke free restaurants   On April 22,2004http://www.wish-wi.org/benefits_to_smoke_free_restaurants.htm .

Bar and restaurant owners also contend they have the right to set the terms of their employment, and to create a particular atmosphere in their restaurants -- including a sophisticated or seedy image that allows for smoking. However, foot traffic at restaurants and bars actually rose after the ban went into effect (Rutenberg & Koppel 2005, p.1). Even one smoker admitted he was converted to a non-smoking atmosphere, saying now: "I'm all for it. My dry-cleaning bill's gone way down…and I'm smoking less" (Rutenberg & Koppel 2005, p.2). Once upon a time, smoking was allowed in all workplaces. However, as the health consequences of smoking became know, more people adapted to the smoke-free environments, and Americans are less likely to smoke, because it is less socially acceptable. Just like 'sin taxes' and banning vending machines, prohibiting smoking in restaurants and bars makes the practice less socially acceptable, and less costly…...

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Works Cited

Cross, Heather. (2009. April 1). Smother-friendly bars in NYC. About.com.

Retrieved September 12, 2009 at  http://gonyc.about.com/cs/barsnightlife/a/smokerfriendly.htm 

Dangers of second-hand smoke. (2009). The Cleveland Clinic.

Retrieved September 12, 2009 at  http://my.clevelandclinic.org/healthy_living/smoking/hic_dangers_of_second-hand_smoke.aspx

BANS ON SMOKING IN AMEICAN CITIES: NEW YOK CITY & LOS ANGELES
Public Health

Moving with unexpected swiftness, New York state lawmakers passed a sweeping anti-smoking measure that makes New York the third state after California and Delaware to ban smoking in all workplaces, including restaurants, bars, and hotels. Within hours of the New York bill's passage, Governor George E. Pataki signed the tough measure, which exempts only America-Indian-owned casinos, cigar bars already licensed in New York City, fraternal clubs, outdoor areas of restaurants with no roof or awning, private homes, and personal but not company cars. New York's ban will take effect July 24 in areas where smoking now is permitted and where local ordinances are weaker. Although the law will not supersede the stricter measures previously passed in Westchester and Nassau counties, it will replace elements of New York City's new law, which took effect March 30.

Bans on Smoking in…...

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References:

Hahn, RN, E.J., Rayens, PhD, M.K., York, RN, PhD, N., Zhang, RN, M., Dignan, PhD, Delaimy, MD, PhD, W.K. (2006) Effects of a Smoke-Free Law on Hair Nicotine and Respiratory Symptoms of Restaurant and Bar Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48(9), 906 -- 913.

Magzamen, S., & Glantz, PhD, S.A. (2001) The New Battleground: California's Experience with Smoke-Free Bars. American Journal of Public Health, 91(2), 245 -- 252.

Banning Smoking in Cars With Children: Moral and Legal Issues
Five states in America, Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Maine and Oregon, and also Puerto ico -- have made it a crime to smoke in cars when children are there, and more states are considering the adoption of this legislation as well. For instance, other nations such as Canada, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates are also leaning towards such a ban. The ban is viewed as beneficial in the sense that it not only protects children but it also minimizes the amount of accidents which will be derived from cigarette-related distractions, such as lighting, ashing or dropping them while driving (ash.org). However, the biggest impetus for this legislation is the desire to protect all innocent children from exposure to the hazards which are inherently connected to cigarettes and cigarette smoke. One of the inherent necessities of this issue is in connection…...

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References

Ash.org. (n.d.). Smoking Should be Banned in Cars Whenever Children are Present. Retrieved from Ash.org:  http://ash.org/carsmoking 

Brown, A. (2014, Jan 29). Banning smoking in cars is wrong: where would it end? Retrieved from telegraph.co.uk:   cars-is-wrong-where-would-it-end/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/andrewmcfbrown/100257222/banning-smoking-in -

Healthday. (2013, July 23). Poll: U.S. Adults Support Smoking Ban in Cars With Kids. Retrieved from usnews.com: us-adults-support-smoking-ban-in-cars-with-kidshttp://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2013/07/23/poll-

Jarvie, J., & Malone, R. (2008). Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Private Homes and Cars: An Ethical Analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 2140 -- 2145.

Banning Smoking in Restaurants in All States
Through this study, the author aims to support a policy regarding ban on smoking in restaurants in all the 50 states of USA. The author is of the view that smoking should be banned in restaurants in all 50 states to lower the rate of second hand smoking related diseases in non-smokers

Due to bad impacts on secondhand smoke, it has been banned on public places and educational institutions in many states. For example, Utah fully banned smoking in restaurants in 1995 and California imposed a complete ban on smoking in restaurants and bars in 1998. No further complete smoking bans were passed by any state till 2002 when South Dakota totally banned smoking in workplaces, and Delaware totally banned smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. As of 2002, the number of states where there is complete ban on smoke at workplace, restaurant and…...

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Works Cited

Borland, R., Mullins, R. Trotter, L., & White, V.(1999). Trends in environmental tobacco smoke restrictions in the home in Victoria, Australia. Tobacco Control, 8, 266-271

Cunningham, R. (2006). National and subnational legislation requiring 100% smokefree restaurants and bars. Canadian Cancer Society. Retrieved on August 28, 2011 from www.smokefreeottawa.com/2006_en/pdfs/smokefreevacations.pdf.

Dockrell, M.J., Sandford, A., & Ward, S.(2007). Smoke-free public places and their impact on public health. Epert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 7(4), 309-313

Farrelly, M.C., Nonemaker J.M., Chou, R., Hyland, A., Peterson, K.K., & Bauer, U.E. (2005). Changes in hospitatilty workers' exposure to secondhand smoke following the implementation of New York's smoke-free law. Tobacco Control, 4(4), 236-224

Furthermore, smokers are also in greater danger than non-smokers of premature death as a result of their habit. Indeed, the Action on Smoking and Health Web site states that worldwide, a staggering 5 million smokers per year die prematurely, and that half of all smokers are at risk of premature death.
The prospects for non-smokers exposed to secondary smoke are also gloomy. According to Science News Online. http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm (accessed 07March07), a study has shown that secondary smoke causes at least 40% of the damage to a non-smoker as smoking does. Surely, for the protection not only of non-smokers, but also of smokers themselves and of our children, the law should discourage this habit.

eferences

Action on Smoking and Health. "Factsheet No:2." http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.html (accessed 07March07).

Seppa N. " Science News Online: Secondary Smoke Carries High Price." http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm (accessed 07March07)....

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References

Action on Smoking and Health. "Factsheet No:2."   (accessed 07March07).http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.html 

Seppa N. " Science News Online: Secondary Smoke Carries High Price."   (accessed 07March07).http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm 

And, students should be notified of where they can go to report smoking policy violations.
The student who does not comply with smoking policies should be allowed only one warning before mandatory expulsion. Because of this significant penalty, the student should be asked to sign an agreement before the beginning of each school year that they are aware of the university's smoking policies and will abide by them as a condition of attending school. This measure should help protect the university against possible law suits and will give the student adequate information to determine if this is an environment that is conducive to the student's desired lifestyle.

To improve the health of our university community, the administration should also encourage health services to educate smokers about the harm smoking causes to both smokers and nonsmokers. The administration should also encourage health services to develop and promote programs to help smokers quit…...

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Works Cited

18-24-year-old smoking prevalence. California Department of Health Services. http://www.dhs.ca.gov/tobacco/documents/pubs/18-24-year-olds06.pdf

New Surgeon General's report focuses on the effects of secondhand smoke (2006, June 27). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

 http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2006pres/20060627.html

"Perhaps less dramatic because of their ubiquitous presence and legal status, nicotine and alcohol are often consumed together for physiological and/or social reasons. Both drugs stimulate dopamine release, and work synergistically to increase dopamine levels" (Menke, 2009). Similarly, the concept of enjoying a drink and a cigarette makes some people think that they live in a permissive environment, this standing as proof that they live in a democrat society. Moreover, "the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA, 1 998) reports that between 80% and 95% of alcoholics smoke" (Menke, 2009). It is thus difficult to consider the outcome that the smoking ban has had on bars and restaurants without actually checking for convincing data. In spite of the fact that many bar and restaurant owners complained in regard to how their businesses were severely affected by the smoking ban, reality seems to be different. The smoking ban…...

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Works cited:

Menke, J. Michael "Bar Patronage after a Smoking Ban," Journal of Drug Issues 39.2 (2009)

Whitney, Ben "Study Finds New York Restaurants Not Hurt by Smoking Ban," Retrieved June 24, 2011, from the Tobacco Control Website: http://www.tobaccocontrol.neu.edu/tcu/tcu05.1/States/study_finds_new_york_restaurants.htm

"NYC Smoking Ban Debuts," Retrieved June 24, 2011, from the CBSNews Website:  http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/29/national/main546751.shtml

emoving Smoking in the Workplace Increases Productivity
The purpose of this proposed study is to determine if removing smoking from the workplace has increased workplace productivity. The writer will explore the question by using a survey study method. The participants will include workers across the nation in varying levels of work and careers. The proposed study is designed to measure whether or not there is an increase in productivity since employers began refusing to allow smoking in the workplace environment. There are several factors involved in the study including a look at five previously published studies regarding smokers and their habits. In addition the writer explores some of the different concerns for productivity that have been studied throughout the years with regards to smokers including secondhand smoke damage, absenteeism and dollars lost. This proposal suggests the direct question of affect on productivity from the time workplaces began to ban smoking…...

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References

Robert A. Logan; Daniel R. Longo, Rethinking Anti-Smoking Media Campaigns: Two Generations of Research and Issues for the Next. Vol. 25, Journal of Health Care Finance, 06-01-1999, pp 77-90.

Gonz-z; M.L. Ballester Calabuig., Tuberculosis Related to Labor Activity in an Area of Valencia, Spain. Vol. 62 no, Journal of Environmental Health, 07-01-1999.

Greene, Robert E.; Williams, Phillip L., Indoor air quality investigation protocols.. Vol. 59, Journal of Environmental Health, 10-01-1996, pp 6(9).

Dardis, Rachel; Keane, Thomas, Risk-benefit analysis of cigarette smoking: public policy implications.. Vol. 29, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 12-01-1995, pp 351(17).

Students Smoking Behavior
The rates of campus students smoking have fluctuated over a period of the last twenty years. Most of the lifelong smokers' start their smoking habit before they reach the age of 24 years. This therefore means those campus years are a very crucial time when it comes to any study of cigarette smoking. Cigar rete smoking in campus has now become a very serious issue in public health issue. This has led to an increase in campus wide bans in smoking alongside other preventive programs in place to reduce students smoking rates. There are several economic, social and environmental factors that have been associated with the increase of smoking around campus students. Some of these factors are low socioeconomic status, students who have parents, close friends and relatives who smoke the acceptance as well as positive views of peers who smoke the exposure and high availability of tobacco…...

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References

Indiana University (2011), September 14). Campus smoking ban reduced students' smoking, changed attitudes. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 11,2013 from  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110914122700.htm 

Schorr, M.(2009).A Third of college students smoke. Retrieved September 11,2013 from  http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=118065&page=1 

Coster, D.(2013). Campus smokings ban a drag for some students. Retrieved September 11,2013 from  http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/9122346/Campus-smoking-ban-a-drag-for-some-students

1. The ethical and legal implications of smoking bans in public places
2. The impact of secondhand smoke on non-smokers and the necessity of smoke-free environments
3. The role of tobacco companies in promoting and perpetuating smoking habits
4. The effectiveness of anti-smoking campaigns and policies in reducing smoking rates
5. The relationship between smoking and mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression
6. The cultural and social factors that contribute to smoking initiation and addiction
7. The economic costs of smoking-related healthcare and the burden on the healthcare system
8. The role of government regulation in decreasing smoking prevalence and promoting public health
9. The potential....

1. The Ethics of Marketing Tobacco Products: Should cigarette companies be allowed to advertise and market their products to consumers?
2. Smoking Bans in Public Places: Are they an infringement on personal freedom or a necessary measure to protect public health?
3. The Economic Impact of Smoking: How does smoking contribute to healthcare costs and the overall economy?
4. The Role of Government in Regulating Tobacco: Should the government have a stronger role in regulating the production and sale of tobacco products?
5. Secondhand Smoke and Its Effects: How does exposure to secondhand smoke impact non-smokers and what measures can be taken to protect....

Print Media's Influence on Mumbai's Tobacco Industry

Introduction

Print media has played a significant role in shaping the landscape of Mumbai's tobacco industry. Through advertisements, editorials, and investigative journalism, print publications have influenced public perception, government policies, and industry practices. This essay will explore the multifaceted impact of print media on the tobacco industry in Mumbai.

Advertisements and Perception

Print advertisements have been a mainstay of the tobacco industry's marketing strategies. Eye-catching visuals, evocative slogans, and celebrity endorsements have permeated Mumbai's print media, creating a favorable image of tobacco consumption. These advertisements have normalized smoking, portrayed it as glamorous, and reinforced the belief that....