Opportunities Faced by Leaders, Society and Organizations
Problems and opportunities facing leaders, communities and organization are always a cause of debate in the society. They can arise in many different ways and exist in many forms and society finds it's our way of meeting these challenges and responding to such opportunities. The articles chosen for this paper focus primarily on the issue of rising tuition costs and it's impact on college enrollment and this topic is chosen because it affects leaders, communities and organizations alike.

The first article in this connection is written by Donald Heller. The article explains how rising costs impact enrollment in colleges and universities. The author found that all things being equal, rising tuition costs will lead to lower enrollment. A decline in enrollment is however a subjective issue dependent on some other factors including type of institution. For example it has been found the community college…...

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References

Heller, Donald. The effects of tuition prices and financial

Aid on enrollment in higher education Accessed online

Dickson L, Pender. In-State Tuition Benefits Affect the Enrollment of Non-Citizens?

Evidence from Universities in Texas. Accessed online

obert Nardelli -- a Controversial Leader
Leadership landscape has evolved greatly over the last few decades. Where there has been an extensive research performed in this area, major emphasis has been levied on distinguishing managers from leaders. And, in today's robust and diversified workplace, leaders with exceptional motivating power and business management ability is what every organization needs. This is the reason why obsolete leadership styles when exercised, tend to bring out disastrous results. This is precisely what happened when obert Nardelli of General Electrics was made CEO of Home Depot, a leading store with a glorious history of excellent customer service and major customer satisfaction. Although Nardelli brought a rich experience to Home Depot but the ideology he was following had major clashes with the original vision of Home Depot which later on made him declared as one of the worst CEOs in the history of United States.

Before analyzing the…...

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References

Bass, B., & Riggio, R. (2006). Transformational Leadership. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Colvin, G. (2001, January 8). Home Depot Mirrors the Way I Operate. Retrieved March 1, 2008, from Money.CNN.com: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/01/08/294458/index.htm 

Colvin, G. (2007, January 3). Nardelli's Downfall: It's all about the stock. Retrieved February 5, 2008, from money.cnn.com:  http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/03/news/companies/colvin/_nardelli.fortune/ 

DePree, M. (2004). Leadership is an Art. New York: Doubleday.

JIM Kouzes, lecturer and author of nine books of leadership, including the best seller, "The leadership Challenge," qualities that make an effective leader have different perspectives.

There are four things that everyone look for in a good leader. Firstly, people want a leader who is honest to them, trustworthy, and has integrity. Secondly, people want someone who looks forward that is forward looking, who has a vision of the future, and thinks about the long-term, also people want someone who can forecast things in case of crisis. Thirdly, people want someone who is consistent, competitive, expertise and knows what they are doing. Fourth, people want a person who is inspiring, energetic, optimistic and positive about the future.

Research on how leaders execute or put all those attributes into action, or execute those qualities has produced five practices that successful leaders indulge those practices on the job and contribute to the growth of…...

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Bibliography:

Brady, Chris. (2007): Launching a Leadership Revolution: Mastering the Five Levels of Influence. New York: Business Plus.

Citrin, James M. (2007): The Dynamic Path: Access the Secrets of Champions to Achieve Greatness Through Mental Toughness, Inspired Leadership and Personal Transformation. New York: Rodale Press, Inc.

Covey, Stephen M.R. The Speed of Trust the One Thing that Changes Everything. New York: Free Press, 2006.

Kouzes, James. (2003): Leadership Challenge. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Herzberg and Blanchards' Theory
Leadership and Motivation

Comparison of Situational Theory against the Two Factor Theory

Faraz

Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model

Leadership / Behavior of the leader

Development Level of the Follower

Steps in the Situational Leadership Strategy

Strengths of the Situational Leadership Strategy

Drawbacks of the Situational Leadership Strategy

Assumptions of Situational Leadership Conditions

Fredrick Herzberg's Theory of Human Motivation

Hygiene Factors of the Two Factor Theory

Hygiene / Maintenance Factors

Motivating Factors of the Two Factor Theory

Limitations of the Two Factor Theory

Contrast between the two theories

eferences

Introduction:

What do we mean by leadership? It can be identified as the process through which a person is capable of influencing people's thoughts, attitudes, behavior and making an impact by what they say and how they act. A leader sets out the pattern for others to follow and lead on. A leader may guide his followers of what lies in the future, help them gain success, guide them to achieve the best, and also…...

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References

Akrani, Gaurav. 2010. Fredrick Herzberg's Two Factor Theory -- Motivation Hygiene  http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/06/frederick-herzberg-two-factor-theory.html 

Blanchard, Kenneth H. And Hersey, Paul. 1988. Management and Organizational Behavior (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988).

Hersey, Paul. 1984. The Situational Leader (Escondido, CA: Center for Leadership Studies, 1984).

Graeff, Claude L. "The Situational Leadership Theory: A Critical View," Academy of Management Review, vol. 8 (1983), pp. 285-291, and the research summary in Gary Yukl, Leadership in Organizations, Sixth Edition (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2006), pp. 223-225.

Personally speaking, the format of situational leadership seems far more important in the context of understanding the overall consumer trends and market trends while servant leadership is more important in applying a holistic approach to giving the community what they need and want to improve the quality of life. Perhaps the best approach for management in the 21st century would be to combine the two in a balanced way so that companies know exactly what their markets want and the give it to them.

eferences

Hall, T. M (2007). Becoming Authentic: The Search for Wholeness and Calling as a Servant Leader. Cloverdale Books

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1969a). Management of Organizational Behavior -- Utilizing Human esources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1969b). Life cycle theory of leadership. Training and Development Journal, 23 (5), 26 -- 34.

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1977). Management of Organizational Behavior 3rd Edition -- Utilizing Human…...

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References

Hall, T. M (2007). Becoming Authentic: The Search for Wholeness and Calling as a Servant Leader. Cloverdale Books

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1969a). Management of Organizational Behavior -- Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1969b). Life cycle theory of leadership. Training and Development Journal, 23 (5), 26 -- 34.

Hersey, P. And Blanchard, K.H. (1977). Management of Organizational Behavior 3rd Edition -- Utilizing Human Resources. New Jersey/Prentice Hall.

Leadership Qualifications in the orkplace
Quintessential Leader

Proposed Leadership Model

For eras there have been people and leaders have discussed what the qualifications that make a great leader are. Leadership travels all the way back to the period of the ancient Greeks. In the 1500's, there was an Italian statesman named Niccolo Machiavelli, who wrote The Prince, and in this book he talked about the different methods for leaders to use in obtaining power (Leadership 2003). This all led to the current events dating to the early 1900's and what has been used and developed in today's society. There are a lot of theories of what a leader in the workplace should have and the idea that leaders during history have been people who were seen or looked up to as leaders and deeply appreciated. As people say "There are those that lead and those that follow." An individual with excellent leadership skills…...

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Works Cited

Akinboye, J., 2005. Executive behaviour battery. Ibadan: Stirling-Horden Publishers.

Borman, W., 2004. The concept of organizational citizenship. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(6), p. 238 -- 241.

Cameron, J.D.E.K.R. & R.R., 2001. Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic: Reconsidered once again.. Review of Educational Research, pp. 30-54.

Charlton, G., 2000. Human Habits of Highly Effective Organisations.. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers.

personal philosophy of leadership. Address what role you feel a health care leader should play, what leadership theory they should follow, and why leaders should follow that theory.
My personal philosophy of leadership is that leaders need to remain strong and focused, decisive and relatively uninfluenced by their own or others' emotions. In healthcare, it is particularly important to apply evidence-based practice and rational thought to decisions, rather than rely on charismatic leaders to become figureheads in an organization or healthcare team. Increasingly, healthcare leaders rely on collaborative work environments where leadership philosophies that are collaborative and democratic prove most successful (Chriem, et al., 2013). Collaborative work environments occasionally rely on having a formal leader, but increasingly we are encountering shared power situations in which there is no one clear leader and in which each person's contributions are recognized as equal. This is true in some, but not all, healthcare…...

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References

Chriem, S., et al. (2013). Leadership as boundary work in healthcare teams. Leadership 9(2): 201-228.

Rus, V. (1980). Positive and negative power. Organization Studies 1(1): 3-19.

Zheng, X. et al. (2016). Curvilinear relationships between role clarity and supervisor satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology 31(1): 110-126.

64). Additionally, the managers, in their course of work, they communicate with those whom they work. They talk in a formal manner, whereas, the leader presents a persuasion to the people. The leader persuades the people to make them see his perception point, and hence earn their trust. Additionally, in working with others, the manager focuses on directing the groups. The manager gives directives to the people. On the contrary, the leader creates a team, thus treats all as part of the action. In this way, the leader incorporates the views and feelings of all that work with him. Lastly, the manager has an aspect of trying to be the hero in the work place, whereas the leader makes heroes of the people around them.
Similarities

There are a few similarities between an effective manager and an effective leader in their line of work. In the course of their duties, the…...

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References

EIlers, H.-C. (2010). "Leaders lead and managers manage" Differences and Similarities. Mu-nchen, GRIN Verlag GmbH.  http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201009161608 .

Beerel, a.C. (2009). Leadership and change management. Los Angeles, SAGE.

Bertocci, D.I. (2009). Leadership in organizations there is a difference between leaders and managers. Lanham, Md, University Press of America.  http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=500777 .

Storey, J. (2003). Leadership in Organizations Current Issues and Key Trends. London, Routledge.  http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=182563 .

leader I am selecting is Howard Schultz from Starbucks. Schultz founded the company based on his vision based on the coffeeshops of Europe, which filled a social function as well as serving coffee. He sought to design a shop for Americans that would serve the same dual function. His original name was Il Giornale, but when he had the opportunity to buy Starbucks from its original owners, he did that and merged the two operations.
Schultz graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Communication from Northern Michigan University, and indeed Communication has long been one of his strengths. Schultz has consistently been able to communicate his vision of the company to all employees, not just his senior management team. This vision is his strength, and that can be seen in a couple of ways at Starbucks. The first is that the company has a consistent look and feel to its…...

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References:

2011 Starbucks Annual Report. Retrieved June 19, 2012 from  http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518&p=irol-reportsannual 

Business Week. (2012). Executive profile: Howard Schultz. Business Week. Retrieved June 19, 2012 from  http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=194300&ticker=SBUX:U.S .

Meyers, W. (2005). Conscience in a cup of coffee. U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved June 19, 2012 from http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/051031/31schultz.htm

Introduction Situational leadership is a style of leadership that is based on flexibility, where the leader has an adaptive style that changes depending on the situation. Blanchard and Hersey have developed the concept of situational leadership that the leader adapts the style to fit the development level of the followers being influenced (Anthony, 2018). Salesforce was named the number one company to work for in America, and its corporate culture has been described as unique. The CEO is Marc Benioff, one of the company's co-founder, who is co-CEO with Keith Block. Benioff was instrumental in defining the company's culture and its leadership style. This paper will examine leadership as Salesforce, through the lens of situational leadership.
Situational Leadership Styles
There are several different situational leadership styles, which the leader would apply to different followers and different situations as need be. The four main situational leadership styles are delegating, supporting, coaching and directing (Todorov,…...

Leadership: Leader Motivation and ContingencyA leader needs to behave proactively without losing the trust of his employees as employee hiring as well as retention of the talented ones is a serious strategic decision. Leaders specific personality traits have to be brought into effect for dealing with contingency situations that might sometimes get the brands image and stakeholders trust in jeopardy. No one size could be considered a fit for all situations and a contingency one (Vidal et al., 2017). This paper aims to scrutinize two leaders and their motivational and contingency leadership styles based on contingency theory.Mary Barra, GM CEOMotivational Style and Contingency LeadershipThe motivational style of Mary Barra could be attributed to transformational leadership in which she allowed the employees to express their viewpoints. After listening to them, she asked about their values and how they chose them (Bin Sattar, n.d.). This led her to understand what employee perceptions…...

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ReferencesBin Sattar, S. (n.d.). Leadership qualities- styles, traits, and skills of Mary Barra. The Strategy Watch.   D., Teo, S., Halvorsen, B., & Staples, W. (2020). Leader humility and knowledge sharing intention: A serial mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560704 Ochs, S.M. (2016, October 6). The leadership blind spots at Wells Fargo. Harvard Business Review.  https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-leadership-blind-spots-at-wells-fargo PBS News Hours. (2016, September 20). Were Wells Fargo employees under unfair sales pressure?  https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/wells-fargo-employees-unfair-sales-pressure Qian, J., Song, B., Jin, Z., Wang, B. & Chen, H. (2018). Linking empowering leadership to task performance, taking charge, and voice: The mediating role of feedback-seeking. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02025 Segun, F. (2017, July 25). The kind of leadership that existed in Wells Fargo which led to the scandal. LinkedIn.  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/kind-leadership-existed-wells-fargo-which-led-scandal-fashakin-segun/ Steinmann, B., Klug, H., & Maier, G. W. (2018). The path is the goal: How transformational leaders enhance followers’ job attitudes and proactive behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02338 Tai. (2020, February 20). How decisive leadership saved General Motors from catastrophe. Matter App.  https://matterapp.com/blog/how-decisive-leadership-saved-general-motors-from-catastrophe Vidal, G.G., Campdesuner, R.P., Rodriguez, A.S. & Vivar, R.M. (2017). Contingency theory to study leadership styles of small businesses owners-managers at Santo Domingo, Ecuador. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979017743172Villanova University. (2022, September 6). The contingency theory of leadership explained.  https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/contingency-theory-leadership/https://www.thestrategywatch.com/leadership-qualities-styles-traits-skills-mary-barra/ Nguyen,

Management Project
Jennessa Clark

Indiana Tech

2 Brief History and Organization Background

2 Proctor & Gamble History

4 Colgate-Palmolive

5 Situation Analysis

5 External Environment

5 Internal Sociotechnical Systems

6 Problem Diagnosis & Definition

7 Great Man Theory

7 Trait Theory

8 the Managerial Grid

8 theory X and Theory Y

9 Participative Leadership (Lewin's leadership styles)

9 Situational Leadership

9 Contingency Theory

10 Transactional Leadership

10 Transformational Leadership

10 Organizational Leadership Discussion

14 Practitioner Recommendations

15 Overall Research Approach

16 Site and Population Selection

24 Identifications and Evaluation of Alternative Interventions

25 Action Planning

26 Follow-up and Evaluation

28 ork Cited

An Analysis of Leadership Styles Utilized by Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive and their Role in Contributing to Effective Practices and Profitability

Introduction

This research proposal will focus on two major competitors in the national and international market, Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive, and the types of leadership that can be found within those organizations. The first step will to compile a list of leadership models that would most likely to be found within these organizations…...

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Work Cited

Ang, S. (2006). Personality Correlates of the Four-Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence. Group &Organization Management, 31(1), 100-123.

Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. (1999). Two decades in research and development in transformational leadership.

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9-32.

Hayyat Malik, S. (2012). A Study of Relationship between Leader Behaviors and Subordinate Job Expectancies: A Path-Goal Approach. Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, 6(2), 357-371.
This study explores the relationship between leadership behavior and acceptance of a leader by subordinates. The underlying concept is path-goal theory, which is based on the idea that a leader's style can dictate organizational effectiveness, and that the style should be tailored to specific situations. There were n=200 managers in the study. They were not randomly selected, but rather were pulled from four telecom companies in Pakistan. The author found that leadership behavior does influence subordinate behavior. Another finding was that certain behaviors can be predictors of subordinate acceptance of a leader.

The study ties into leadership studies that seek to identify if there are traits or behaviors that can be used as predictors of effective leadership. The leaders in these organizations were mainly middle…...

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Kramer, W. S., & Shuffler, M. L. (2014). Culture's consequences for leadership: The role of context in affecting leadership perceptions and performance. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 7(2), 199-203. doi:10.1111/iops.12132.

Saxena, S. (2014). Are transformational leaders creative and creative leaders transformational? An attempted synthesis through the Big Five Factor Model of Personality Lens. Aweshkar Research Journal, 18(2), 30-51.

Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544-562. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014.

Contingency Theories Leadership • Situational Approach (chapter 5) • Contingency Theory (chapter 6) • Path-Goal Theory (chapter 7) Behavioral Learning Objectives: Students explore contingency theories leadership identify theory employ .
Contingency Theories of Leadership

Leadership is the process in which a person influences others towards achievement of a common goal. It is a social influence process and can only exist where there is a leader and some followers Waldman et al. 823

( ADDIN EN.CITE )

Leadership theories have been developed to explain some of the concepts and practice of leadership. Some of the early theories focused on behaviors and characteristics of successful leaders while the later theories consider the role of the followers and the nature of leadership.

Situational Leadership approach

Situational approach sees leadership as being specific to the situation at hand. Some situations may lead to an autocratic leadership style while others require a participative approach. Situational leadership shows that different leadership styles…...

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References

Elenkov, Detelin S., William Judge, and Peter Wright. "Strategic Leadership and Executive Innovation Influence: An International Multi-Cluster Comparative Study." Strategic Management Journal 26.7 (2005): 665-82. Print.

Herold, D.M., et al. "The Effects of Transformational and Change Leadership on Employees' Commitment to a Change: A Multilevel Study." Journal of Applied Psychology 93.1 (2008): 346-57. Print.

Hill, Linda. Becoming a Manager: How New Managers Master the Challenges of Leadership. New York: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, 2003. Print.

Northouse, P.G. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE, 2009. Print.

Leadership Situation:
Situational approach to leadership issues and challenges is one of the most commonly recognized approaches to leadership. This approach was developed in 1969 by Hersey and Blanchard and based on concepts from 3D management style theory by eddin in 1967 (Northouse, 2010, p.89). As the name suggests, situational leadership emphasizes on leadership in situations based on the fact different conditions require different types of leadership. This implies that an effective leader needs to be an individual that adapt his/her leadership style and skills to the demands of various situations. This approach to leadership emphasizes that leadership consists of a directive and supportive dimension, and that each dimension has to be applied effectively in a particular situation. Notably, when addressing a leadership situation through this approach, the process usually involves applying development level and style in the particular issue or situation.

Example of Leadership Situation:

An example of a contemporary leadership…...

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References:

Northouse, P.G. (2010). Situational Approach. In Leadership theory and practice (5th ed., chap

5, pp.89-109). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Wine, S. (2013, November 6). Leadership Vacuum? Ex-players Wonder Why No Players

Intervened in Dolphins Case. The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/11/06/leadership-vacuum-ex-pla_n_4227157.html

Current Thesis Statement:

The leadership in the book Band of Brothers is significant.

Strengthened Thesis Statement:

The portrayal of leadership in HBO's miniseries Band of Brothers, based on Stephen Ambrose's book of the same name, elucidates the multifaceted nature of leadership and its profound impact on the men of Easy Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division during World War II.

Explanation of Strengthening:

1. Clarity and Specificity:

The original thesis statement is vague and general, simply stating that leadership is significant. The strengthened statement clarifies that the focus is on the portrayal of leadership in a specific work (Band of Brothers) and its impact....

Measuring a leader's effectiveness can be achieved through various methods, such as using key performance indicators (KPIs), conducting 360-degree feedback assessments, employee engagement surveys, and tracking team or organizational outcomes. By applying leadership theories in real-world scenarios, a leader can improve their effectiveness by:

1. Understanding and applying different leadership styles: Leaders can assess their natural leadership style and adjust it based on the situation and the needs of their team. For example, a leader may need to be more participative in decision-making during times of change or uncertainty.

2. Developing emotional intelligence: By understanding and managing their own emotions, as well....

Measuring Leadership Effectiveness

Quantitative Metrics:

Performance Reviews: Objective assessments of team performance, productivity, and goal achievement, often based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
Employee Satisfaction Surveys: Feedback from employees on leadership style, communication, and support, providing insights into employee morale and engagement.
Financial Data: Measurable financial outcomes, such as revenue growth, profitability, and cost reductions, can indicate the impact of leadership on organizational success.

Qualitative Metrics:

360-Degree Feedback: Comprehensive assessments from superiors, peers, and subordinates, providing a holistic view of leadership strengths and areas for improvement.
Observational Studies: Direct observation of leaders in action, focusing on communication, decision-making, and interactions with others.
....