Wallace says, "If we consider the number of perspective problems attendant to painting on the curved and irregular surfaces of the vault, it is reasonable that Michelangelo entrusted some of the architectural painting to Aristotile, thereby fostering what became one of the latter's foremost talents" (327). Wallace also provides additional arguments regarding other assistants who stayed to help Michelangelo, as well.
Since there is presently no way to go back in history to actually see who did the work on the ceiling or what it actually looked like when completed, these questions about color and help from assistants will remain indefinitely. The questions that the critics raise, however, should be faced when considering restoration of other work in the future. Is it better to leave well enough alone, although with time the artwork will eventually wear away? Or is it better to restore the artwork with the fear that it…...
mlaReferences Cited
Beck, James. The Final Layer: 'L'ultima mano' on Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling. Art Bulletin, LXX, 1988, 503.
Beck, James Art Restoration: The Culture, the Business, and the Scandal. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1993
Harris, Judith. Debating a Vatican Cover Up. Art News (2010) 109.1, 1572-85
Hoeniger, Catherine. The controversy surrounding the cleaning and conservation of Michelangelo's frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The Cambridge Companion to Raphael (Marcia Hall, Ed.), Philadelphia: Temple University, 1994.
Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel was a work of truly epic proportions that really defined the artist as an auteur. Today, a filmmaker for example is often described as an auteur (French for "author") if he is given or wields total control over the film from the visionary stages through to planning, production, shooting and editing: the work is considered the total product of his or her vision. Such recognized auteurs are rare and are considered not just as "authors" but also as authorities (the short list includes filmmakers like Terrence Malick, Paul Thomas Anderson, Christopher Nolan et al.). Their works are sprawling, complex, inventive, and original. Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel (both the ceiling and the Last Judgment painted on the altar wall) was truly one of the greatest works of epic proportions ever painted by a Renaissance artist ("Sistine Chapel Ceiling") -- a work that essentially set the bar for what it…...
mlaWorks Cited
"Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel." Khan Academy. Web. 11 Feb 2017.
"Michelangelo's Painting of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling." Italian Renaissance. Web. 11
Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel
This work has been and truly is a beacon of our art, and it has brought such benefit and enlightenment to the art of painting that it was sufficient to illuminate a world which for so many hundreds of years had remained in the state of darkness. And, to tell the truth, anyone who is a painter no longer needs to concern himself about seeing innovations and inventions, new ways of painting poses, clothing on figures, and various awe-inspiring details, for Michelangelo gave to this work all the perfection that can be given to such details. (Web Gallery of Art, 2012)
The Sistine Chapel is one of the most well-known works of art in the world. It was painted by Michelangelo Buonarroti. In Italian, its name is Cappella Sistina and in Latin its name is Sacellum Sixtinum. The paper will focus upon the chapel, but more specifically to…...
mlaReferences:
Art and the Bible. The Sistine Chapel. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 07.http://www.artbible.info/art/sistine-chapel.html .
Katz, Jamie. The Measure of Genius: Michelangelo's Sistene Chapel at 500. 2009, Smithsonian, Web, Available from: 2012 October 07.http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/The-Measure-of-Genius-Michelangelos-Sistine-Chapel-at-500.html .
Michelangelo.com. The Sistine Chapel Ceiling. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 07.http://www.michelangelo.com/buon/bio-index2.html .
New World Encyclopedia. Sistine Chapel. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 07.http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sistine_Chapel .
Michelangelo and the Sistine Chapel
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo between the years of 1508 and 1512. The chapel -- built in the 1470s for Pope Sixtus IV (the chapel's namesake) -- includes the works of many different Renaissance artists -- but it is Michelangelo's work on the ceiling that stands out above all the rest. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, Michelangelo's ceiling tells the story of the Old Testament -- the laying of the foundations of the world and the coming of Christ. The nine central panel scenes describe, for example, God separating the light from the darkness, the creation of Adam, and the exile from the Garden of Eden. The centrals are framed by a painted architectural framework that adds dimension onto dimension, and the images therein are of Old Testament prophets and pagan sibyls -- both of whom, according to the Roman Catholic…...
Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam
The Creation of Adam (1512) as conceived and depicted by Michelangelo represents a significant moment in art history because it brings a humanistic style of expression and sense of realism to the art world that had not existed prior. The work is focused almost exclusively on the Body as a subject. The two figures—God the Father and Adam—represent the majesty of the human anatomy in its ideal form: muscular, flexible, unique, authentic, poised, admirable, beautiful and proportional. In the painting, God is mostly draped with a thin cloth; Adam is completely nude and his position (reclined with one knee propped up while he stretches backwards and reaches forward languidly) suggests one of royalty being wakened after a long slumber. Indeed, the idea that Adam is like royalty is one that Michelangelo infuses into the scene giving the painting its high-minded rapturous quality, which is much in line…...
Michelangelo and the RenaissanceMichelangelo was one of the greatest artists of the High Renaissance. He began his career with the chisel and ended it with the paint brush. He was a master in sculpture, engineering, and painting. Had he excelled in poetry, politics and arms he would have been considered a true Renaissance Manbut his focus was always on art. He spent 20 years of his life on the Sistine Chapel at a time when Europe was undergoing an internal religious and political strife that would tear it apart. His painting of the Last Judgment, which depicts Christs return to Earth to judge the living and the dead, is one of awe, dread and hope. Completed in 1541, just as the enormously important Council of Trent (1544-1563) was set to get underway, the Last Judgment represents a world in need of reminding of the promise of Christ that He would…...
Da Vinci and Michaelangelo
During the Renaissance, artists evolved many of the techniques which are now employed in creating works of art. There are many great artists who came out of this historical time period and while they have somewhat similar techniques and similar subject matters, they all have unique attributes as well. In this time, one of the biggest differences between artists of the Renaissance and ones that came before is the interest that artists had in the human body and the human form. Before this time, people were painted in a flat way, but Renaissance painters tried to make the people seem more realistic, which many were very successful in accomplishing this. Two of the artists in the Renaissance who are considered to be the best are Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo. When looking at their most famous works, "The Mona Lisa" and "The Sistine Chapel Ceiling" respectively, the…...
Shortly after taking charge of the project, Michelangelo viewed Sangallo's wooden model of the planned basilica. He was accompanied by Sangallo's followers who, according to Vasari,
Putting the best face on the matter, came forward and said how glad they were that the work had been given to him and that the model was a meadow that would always afford inexhaustible pasture, to which Michelangelo replied that they spoke truly, meaning, as he afterwards told a friend, that it would serve for sheep and oxen who know nothing of art.
In fact, a good part of Michelangelo's work on St. Peter's consisted of removing what work had been accomplished by Sangallo. Sangallo's hemicycle was demolished, and Michelangelo shored up some of Bramante's rather high-speed construction, until -- again in the opinion of Vasari -- "the columns, bases, capitals, doors and windows, cornices and projections, were perfect in every detail."
Michelangelo treated architecture as…...
mlaWorks Cited
Elam, Caroline. "Che Ultima Mano!": Tiberio Calcagni's Marginal Annotations to Condivi's 'Life of Michelangelo." Renaissance Quarterly 51.2 (1998): 475+.
Fischel, Oskar. Raphael. Trans. Bernard Rackham. Vol. 1. London: Kegan Paul, 1948.
Hibbard, Howard. Michelangelo. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Harper & Row, 1985.
Januszczak, Waldemar. Sayonara, Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel Restored and Repackaged. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
The beauty of the human body is bought into derision by its wearing socks and the loss of hope for the earth is represented by the gas mask. Adam is no longer necked, his wardrobe consists of a mask and socks. An imaginary character is bringing him to life, while two cans of spray lay beside him. The central character in the episode of creation does not life too seriously since it did not even take the socks out. Adam's whole attitude is the very expression of carelessness and a certain degree of laziness. He leaves himself in the hands of a cartoon character to save him from destruction.
Five centuries later, the Creation episode of the istine Chapel becomes a motif for a pop artist who wants to present the world with the results of its foolishness and lack of better judgment. The capital of "western Christendom" was presented…...
mlaSources, Critical Essays W.W. Norton & Company, 1995
Mickey Mouse and Disney Land. Retrieved: 27 May, 2009. Available at: http://madeinatlantis.com/popular_culture/features/mickeymouse.htm
Over&Out. Collapse and Closure. The Cautese National Stamp Reserve. Available at: http://www.cnpdonline.com/archive/CollapseAndClosure/19.html
Art Diminish in an Age of Mechanical eproduction?
Walter Benjamin believes that the aura of an original work of art diminishes in an age of mechanical reproduction because the work of art is decontextualized from its original context as a result of mass production. At first blush, Benjamin's argument seems very compelling. After all, few could argue that seeing a work of art in a majestic setting, like the Louvre, in and of itself a work of art provides an entire experience that simply cannot be captured in a reproduction tea-towel. However, what Benjamin's argument ignores is that people have rarely, if ever, been able to appreciate the context of an original work of art, anyway. Museums do not provide the context that the artist had when creating the artwork. Artists do not work in museums or art galleries. They work in locations, in studios, on the street. Furthermore, artists…...
mlaReferences
da Vinci, L., 1509. Mona Lisa. [Painting] (Louvre, Paris).
Michelangelo, 1508-1512. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. [Painting] (Sistine Chapel, Vatican
City).
Van Gogh, V., 1889. Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear. [Painting] (Courtauld Institute Galleries,
Art History
aphael's Career
aphael is one of the most renowned artists in modern human history. He is so famous that he is one of a small number of artists that they are only known by one name. His full name is affaello Sanzio da Urbino. His precise birthdate is contended, but it is agreed that he was born sometime in the spring during 1483, as the 15th century, as well as the enaissance era, concluded. His life did not spans four decades, yet his body of work persists around the world nearly five centuries later. aphael, like other enaissance artists and professionals of the period, had proficiency in several skills; he is primarily known as a painter and architect. His life spanned the final stage of the enaissance, known as High enaissance. He came from an artistically inclined family, and suffered the deaths of both of his parents before he was…...
mlaReferences:
Italian Renaissance Art.com. Raphael Biography. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 12.http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Raphael-Biography.html .
Raphael Sanzio.org. Raphael Biography. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 12.http://www.raphaelsanzio.org/ .
Totally History. Raphael Sanzio. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 12.http://totallyhistory.com/raphael-sanzio/ .
Visual Arts Cork. Raphael. 2012, Web, Available from: 2012 October 12.http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/old-masters/raphael.htm .
" Initially, the painters were given the assignment to create sample frescoes which were to be evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation, they were to be employed or not. However, their talent was rapidly acknowledged and they were commissioned to continue the work without any other testing. The individual scenes constitute a whole because they comprise typological references to one another. They present Moses as prefiguring Christ. We must mention, however, that, only after Michelangelo's later work (1508-1512) did the Chapel become famous.
After the Medici's expulsion from Florence, otticelli felt the influence of a Dominican monk called Girolamo Savonarola. In Savonarola's point-of-view, everything that wasn't useful in the life of humans didn't deserve any attention. Therefore, he destroyed many works of art, in his "bonfire of vanities." ecause of this man, Sandro was deeply affected and his interior feelings were also reflected in his work.
As a review, we can…...
mlaBibliography
Botticelli- Renaissance Master Artist, http://www.myrrhine.net/botticelli/biography.html
Sandro Botticelli, http://www.artchive.com/artchive/B/botticelli.html
Wikipedia Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance
Christian Artist: Michelangelo
Michelangelo’s David (1501-1504) is an example of a work of sculpture by an artist who confessed Christianity and in fact took great pleasure in reading Scripture as well as other religious writings, such as those of Savonarola, a famous reformer in Italy (Vasari, 1998). Michelangelo sculpted, painted and designed architectural works during the Renaissance in Europe. He was commissioned by the Pope to paint the Sistine Chapel Ceiling as well as the sanctuary wall of the chapel where The Last Judgment can be seen. Michelangelo also sculpted the Pieta—but in this paper, his David will be discussed. By analyzing Michelangelo’s David, which is considered one of the artist’s greatest masterpieces (Johnson, 2003), this paper will show how it reflects a Christian worldview considering the era in which it was created.
While Luther did not nail his 95 Theses to the church doors until 1517, some dozen years after Michelangelo…...
High enaissance Movement and Its Most Celebrated Artists
The enaissance is referred to as a period of time where there was a great cultural movement that began in Italy during the early 1300's. It spread into other countries such as England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. This era continued into the late 1400's and ended during the 1600's. The enaissance times were a period of rebirth and during this time many artists studied the art of ancient Greece and ome. Their desire was to recapture the spirit of the Greek and oman cultures in their own artistic, literary, and philosophic works. The cultures of ancient Greece and ome are often called classical antiquity. The enaissance thus represented a rebirth of these cultures and is therefore also known as the revival of antiquity or the revival of learning.
The artists' works include many aspects of the medieval times and incorporated a religious…...
mlaReferences
Leonardo da Vinci." Authors and Artists for Young Adults, Volume 40. Gale Group, 2001. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group. 2004. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
Michelangelo Buonarroti." Authors and Artists for Young Adults, Volume 43. Gale Group, 2002. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group. 2004.
The painting is shocking because of its dramatic perspective. First and foremost the table is not situated in the centre of the painting, nor is Jesus. In a symbolical manner this transmits the idea that God is no longer in the centre of man's world and this accounts for the chaos that seems to be omnipresent. The lower side of the painting is dominated by human figures and an atmosphere of panic and confusion seems to be dominating. The upper side of the painting is filled with angels. There is a clear separation lien between the scared world of the divine and the one of the people. The dark colours, as well as the composition succeeded into transmitting the desired message, managing to appeal to the viewer's emotions.
The aroque
As opposed to the simplicity that the Protestants supported, a new style emerges, that is the aroque. This new artistic movement…...
mlaBibliography
Feast in the house of Levi. (Accessed November 19, 2008)http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/martin/art_law/feast_in_the_house_of_levi.htm
Friedlaender, Walter, the anti-mannerist style. (Accessed November 18, 2008)http://witcombe.sbc.edu/art-theory-baroque-Fall-2008/style3.html
Mannerism. Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. (Accessed November 19, 2008)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannerism
Nosotro, Rit. Art of the reformation and the counter reformation. Hyperhistory. (Accessed November 19, 2008)http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw20reformationart.htm
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