With the assistance of world organizations, however, and with the health services offered to Guinea refugee camps, many individuals have or are learning simple and inexpensive ways to reduce these deaths. Rehydration salts, trained birth attendants, improved sanitation, increases in the number of health facilities, immunization, vitamins, insecticide, and other basic health care is expected to drastically increase the population by reducing infant and child mortality.
For nearly two decades, Sierra Leone's population has been deprived due to war, poverty, poor education, and a host of other problems. In most cases, corrupt political officials and rampant rebel forces have been the cause of the problem. In recent times, however, with the assistance of world organizations, foreign investment, and a more stable political structure, the population of Sierra Leone has seen resounding increases in both population as well as standard of living. There can be no question there is still much…...

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Bibliography

Amnesty International. Sierra Leone (2001), (Accessed November 20, 2007).http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2001.nsf/e115d4d1bde7ce3780256a4d006a5000/4106fa35bee2b4aa80256a53004d73a4/$FILE/ATTVNAHF/sierra%20leone.pdf

Archibald, Steven. "Converts to Human Rights? Popular Debate about War and Justice in Rural Central Sierra Leone." Africa 72 (2002): 339-445.

Central Intelligence Agency. "Sierra Leone." World Factbook (2007),   (Accessed November 30, 2007).https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html 

Haxall, Katharine. "Sierra Leone: Health and Hope After the Conflict," Global Health Council Report (2007),   (Accessed November 30, 2007).http://www.globalhealth.org/reports/text.php3?id=231 

Sierra Leone
The average person reading the news about the West African nation Sierra Leone in 2015 might never get further in terms of understanding Sierra Leone than the Ebola crisis. Indeed, this epidemic has taken a serious toll on Sierra Leone; in the first week of January there were 248 new cases reported, and thousands have died from Ebola in Sierra Leone. And though Sierra Leone remains "by far" the "worst-affected" country in Africa, there are positive signs that the spread of the virus might be slowing down (Reuters, 2015). Meanwhile, this research paper opens the door to a greater understanding of Sierra Leone as it delves deeply into the society in terms of how issues related to diversity and gender fairness impact the citizens.

Introduction to Sierra Leone -- After the Civil War

Any cultural critique of diversity and gender issues in Sierra Leone should be preceded by a brief historical…...

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Bibliography

Bah, Abu Bakarr. 2013. 'The Contours of New Humanitarianism: War and Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone. Africa Today, Volume 60, 3-36.

Berhane-Selassie, Tsehai. 2009. 'The Gendered Economy of the Return Migration of Internally Displaced Women in Sierra Leone.' European Journal of Development Research, Volume 51, 737-751.

Bogert, Carroll, and Dufka, Corinne. 2001. 'Sexual violence in Sierra Leone.' Lancet. Volume 357, p. 304.

Glennerster, Rachel, Miguel, Edward, and Rothenberg, Alexander D. 2013. 'Collective Action in Diverse Sierra Leone Communities.' The Economic Journal. Vol. 125, 285-316.

Such jobs would put the children in potentially the most dangerous and deadly of the jobs available. Failing to perform tasks to the approval of superiors, whether that be fetching firewood, carrying ammunition, or committing a murder, would invariably lead to severe punishments. There were even reports of young girls being killed for failing to cook properly (Denov 2005,-page 3). Among the most common forms of punishment was the severing of limbs by someone who had committed an infraction to the displeasure of rebel leaders (Zack-illiam 2001,-page 73). Pictures from the area abound which show young boys and girls, even some infants, who are missing hands or feet because they have upset their superiors. The children are most often trained as violent soldiers, who take up the first wave in armed interaction, leading to a high percentage of casualties, many of them fatalities. The children were taught not that…...

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Works Cited:

"AK-47: the Sierra Leone Child Soldier." (2005) BBC News. Retrieved from:

 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4500358.stm 

Beah, Ishmael (2007). "The Making, and Unmaking, of a Child Soldier." The New York Times.

Jan 14.

Angola and Sierra Leone Blood Diamonds
Cecil John hodes founded De Beers, a diamond mining and trading corporation back in 1888. It is the world's largest diamond cartel and receives all credit for making the engagement ring "an inseparable part of courtship and married life" (Jay Epstein, p.121). De Beer has shown immense success at controlling the price of diamonds. It achieved this goal by limiting the worldwide supply. It has a strong monopoly in the diamond business and is thus what one may call "the mafia" of the diamond world. It was till the 1980s that De Beers was involved directly in Sierra Leone. De Beers had some concession in offshore diamond mining and it enjoyed an office in Freetown. After that time it was known that De Beers has maintained an indirect relationship rather than a direct one. It then started to purchase offices in other lower diamond producing…...

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REFERENCES:

(1) Jay Epstein -- 1982. The Rise and Fall of Diamonds, New York: Simon and Schuster. Page 121

(2) Edmund Conway - Article Title: De Beers Cleared over Blood Diamonds; 'No Evidence' Gem Giant Fuelled War in Congo, Newspaper Title: Daily Telegraph. Publication Date: May 15, 2004.

(3) Greg Campbell - Article Title: Carat, Colour, Clarity ... And Conflict: The History of a Cold Blooded Love Affair. Magazine Title: African Business. Issue: 290. Publication Date: August-September 2003. Page Number: 62+.

(4) Tom Rawstorne -- Article Title: DIAMONDS TO DIE FOR; It's the Dark Side of the Diamond Industry - the Millions Mutilated and Murdered Just to Keep the West's Most Beautiful Women Dripping in Jewellery. Newspaper Title: The Daily Mail. Publication Date: October 25, 2004. Page Number: 36.

Diamond ars in estern Africa
Throughout estern Africa, the quest for diamonds has taken control of many of people and affected the stability of economic and governmental status throughout the nation. The diamond mines have caused civil wars, which have resulted in many casualties over the years.

Possibly the major cause of the diamond wars is human nature, as it is human nature that sparks the desire to own diamonds. Due to the amount of people who are seeking diamonds and the limited resources of the mineral, the diamond market has become a major source of conflict in estern Africa.

Throughout estern Africa, rebel groups have formed in an effort to gain control over diamond mines in Angola, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The Diamond ars have destroyed these areas, which could potentially become well-developed nations if the conflicts did not exist. hile countries like Botswana and Namibia are using diamonds properly to stimulate…...

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Works Cited

Campbell, Greg. Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World's Most Precious Stones. Westview Press, 2002.

Collier, Paul, "Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy," World Bank. 15 June 2000.

Epstein, Edward Jay, "Have You Ever Tried to Sell a Diamond?" The Atlantic Monthly, February 1982. at: www.theatlantic.com/issues/82feb/8202diamond1.htm

Kerlin, Katherine "Diamonds Aren't Forever: Environmental Degradation and Civil War in the Gem Trade," The Environment Magazine. Sept. 2001.

Poverty in Sierra Leone
Ever since gaining of independence in 1961, the Leone has been as a nation has been plagued with civil wars and poverty. The country continues to suffer from extreme poverty despite the abundant presence of precious resources such as diamonds and rare minerals.

There are a number of factors that has essentially contributed to the almost never ending poverty of the citizens of the country which include corruption within the government, insufficient infrastructure, lack of education and inadequate civil rights.

According to Sachs et al., (2004) the entire sub-Saharan Africa is prone to poverty due to factors like very high transport costs and small market size, low-productivity agriculture and adverse geopolitics and lack of technological diffusion form the developed countries (Sachs et al., 2004).

In a similar manner, Sierra Leone too suffers from most of these deficiencies. Despite being one of the world's top exporters of diamonds and the…...

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References

Chaudhury, S. (2012). Empowering women through microfinance. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House.

Clarke, M. (2006). Aid in conflict. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Date-Bah, E. (2003). Jobs after war. Geneva: InFocus Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction, International Labour Office.

Desai, S. (n.d.). Post-Conflict Microfinance: Assessment and Policy Notes for Iraq. SSRN Electronic Journal.

Diamond Advertising
Diamonds may be a girl's best friend, according to a concept popular in the 1950s. Alternatively, diamonds might also be forever, a concept popularized in advertising for several decades. Diamonds are a symbol of love, but they have hardly been the source of much loving interaction between various populations of humans. In fact, diamonds have been at the root of intense and deadly strife in Sierra Leone, most notably, for most of the past two to three decades. The fact that advertising for diamonds is so memorable suggests that advertising messages have some causative responsibility for the devastating civil wars in Sierra Leone, and the human suffering that resulted.

Indeed, in 2000, the orld Bank released a report noting that "Greed for Diamonds and other 'Lootable' Commodities Fuels Civil ars." (orld Bank eb site) The report did not mention advertising as a direct contributor. Conceivably, that conclusion could be extrapolated…...

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Works Cited

De Beers advertisement. History Wired,  http://historywired.si.edu/object.cfm?ID=246 

Diamond History. Retrieved 14 June 2004 at  http://www.diamondsonweb.com/learn/history.pl 

Dubois, Bernard & Paternault, Claire. "Understanding the World of International Luxury Brands: the "Dream Formula." Journal of Advertising Research, 35.4, 1995, 69+. Accessed at www/(Dubois & Paternault 1995, 69+) Accessed at www.questia.com/

Greed For Diamonds and Other 'Lootable' Commodities Fuels Civil Wars." World Bank Web site. Retrieved 14 June 2004 at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,contentMDK:20014607~menuPK:34465~pagePK:64003015~piPK:64003012~theSitePK:4607,00.html

Microfinance: The Effectiveness of Microfinance in educing Poverty in Post-War Sierra Leone
A decade and a half into the 21st century, issues of poor growth, poverty and civil war still continue to afflict masses and inhibit sustainable growth in countries across the world, particularly in the African Continent. The bottom ten spots in the UNDP 2014 ranking of countries in terms of human development, for instance, were all taken up by African countries -- Niger, Congo, the Central African epublic, Chad, Sierra Leone, Eritrea, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Guinea, and Mozambique (UNDP Human Development eport, 2014). Of these, Sierra Leone presents the most dramatic case of development failure given its richness in marine resource endowment, tourist attractions, fertile agricultural land, and natural resources. The country has reported a slow annual growth rate averaging 6.8%, which is a mere shadow of its growth rate in the late 1980s prior to the outbreak of…...

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References

Ahmeti, F., 2014. Microfinance as a Tool for Economic Development in Transitional Countries: Experience from Kosovo. The European Scientific Journal, 10(4): 269-287

Durrani, M.K., Usman, A., Malik, M.I., and Ahmad, S., 2011. Role of Microfinance in Reducing Poverty: A Look at Social and Economic Factors. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(21): 138-144

Gratton, C. And Jones, I., (2010) Research Methods for Sports Studies. Oxon: Routledge

IMF, 2005. Sierra Leone: Poverty-Reduction Strategy Paper. The IMF. Accessed April 9, 2015  https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2005/cr05191.pdf

The entire framework of the country is shifting, and it is leaving the people from the rural outskirts behind. Soon, the natives will be like strangers in their own country, and they will not retain any rights or voice.
Even worse, those whites with power and money run the government, and own just about anyone they want by bribing them and throwing their money around. Conteh writes, "People who had money could to virtually anything and get away with it, if they knew the right channels" (Conteh 97). That means the government is corrupt, and does not exist for the good of the people, but only for the good of the few and the powerful. In governments like this, there is usually revolt and revolution, both by the people and inside the government, creating an unstable environment for the country and society.

There is another lasting affect on society brought on…...

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References

Conteh, J. Sorie. The Diamonds. New York: Lekon New Dimensions Publishing, 2001.

Structural Violence Framework in International Conflict
Structural Violence

A Structural Violence Framework for Understanding & Analyzing International Conflict

Introduction to Structural Violence

Structural violence is differentiated from direct violence both in terms of etiology and nature. Direct violence is a result of events or the actions of individuals that kill or harm people. Structural violence, on the other hand, is a phenomenon made manifest through social inequalities (Christie, 1997). The organizational structures of political and economic systems cause and sustain the sort of hierarchical relations that enable dramatic differences between and across sectors of societies. Within these hierarchies, the people at the top have privilege, wealth, and power, while those at the bottom of the hierarchy are dominated, oppressed, and exploited (Christie, 1997). People are harmed and killed as a result of structural violence but, unlike direct violence, it occurs more slowly. The harm or death of oppressed people may come about because "some…...

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References

Addison, T. And Murshed, M. (2001). From conflict to reconstruction: Reviving the social contract. UNU/WIDER Discussion Paper No. 48, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER, Retrieved at www.wider.unu.edu / research.

Barak, G. (2003). Violence and nonviolence: Pathways to understanding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved  http://www.greggbarak.com/custom3_2.html 

Barak, G. (2007). A critical perspective on violence. In Walter S. DeKeseredy and Barbara Perry (2006) Advancing Critical Criminology: Theory and Application, Lexington Books.

Bohman, J. (2010). Critical theory, [Web], The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved   / spr2010/entries/critical-theoryhttp://plato.stanford.edu/archives 

Social dissent and unrest should not be the result of multiculturalism, the authors point out, but nonetheless those are the social realities, in many instances, of the new global picture. There is now, like it or not, a "blurring of cultural borderlines," the authors report; and as a result, the notion of culture within the word "multiculturalism" no longer refers to habits and customs of a people in anthropological terms. Rather, "culture" in the term "multiculturalism" alludes to race, creed, sexual orientation, gender, and lifestyles of various and divers groups within the greater culture.

A very poignant quote is offered in the conclusion of the editorial, a quote which cries out to be read to those reporting on, studying and/or dealing with today's dramatic cultural changes in estern societies; it is a statement by Aijza Ahmad, who reflects the perspective of "the less-well-to-do colonial states," according to the editorial. "It is…...

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Works Cited

Fourny, Jean-Francois, & Ha, Marie-Paule. "Introduction: The history of an idea." Research in African Literatures 28.4 (1997): 1-8.

Frazier, Herb. "Basket making is historical link: Craft provide link between cultures." NABJ

Journal 13.5 (1995): 4-7.

Gikandi, Simon. "Chinua Achebe and the Invention of African Culture." Research in African

School of Public Health
Public Health Admissions Essay

The most logical next phase of my career would be the completion of a degree in Public Health Administration.

A currently hold a BS in Sociology and the diversity that this and my personal history have offered me will lend well to the challenges of a postgraduate degree program. I am goal driven and will succeed, regardless of the difficulty of the task. I have researched the program that is offered by your institution and I believe the curriculum and faculty afforded there will be exactly what I am looking for and exactly what my professional goals need to progress.

The impetuses for my professional goals are strongly rooted in my life history. I am an immigrant from Sierra Leone. The reality of meeting my education goals were at times in my life fortuitous accidents. As a child myself my parents and my eight siblings had…...

The historical change in this society is illustrated quite vividly in this essay. Clearly, this is a country undergoing political change, and there will be unrest for some time. The coup has removed law and order from the streets and replaced it with looting and violence, and it has sent the officials of the country packing, so there will be disorder and fear for some time to come. This is a drastic change in society, and that is made clear throughout this essay. The author makes it quite clear they are fearful, that the country is undergoing drastic change, and that things will not ever be quite the way they were before the coup. It reveals that politics in many of these developing nations is volatile at best, and that people can never take their safety and security for granted, because there is always someone ready to take their way…...

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References

Andrews, T. Letters from a 1990s bush doctor.

He notes that many of the young men who were in rehabilitation with him returned to fighting, but he managed to escape and finally come to America, where he went to school and finally wrote about his experience. During his rehabilitation, the people working with him would tell him what happened was not his fault. One social worker said, "None of what happened was your fault. You were just a little boy, and anytime you want to tell me anything, I am here to listen" (Beah 160). Her encouragement helped him overcome his fears and his self-recrimination, and helped him move along the road to true rehabilitation.
ehabilitation takes time and patience, and this woman, "Nurse Esther," had both. She is largely responsible that Beah was able to assimilate back into society and live a normal life.

She helped him realize that he could not feel guilty about what had happened,…...

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References

Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

The Al-Aqsa Intifadah (which began, I believe, in about 2000 when the Camp David talks were then stalling) was begun by PLO and still exists today (much less actively than from about 2000 to about 2004, roughly) under the PLO umbrella.
3) Democratic nations including Great Britain and the United States have long called for democratic elections in Palestine. Now that Hamas was the unexpected winner of the first elections, should it be recognized by the United States?

No; at least not officially, since Hamas has been from its 1987 outset, and clearly is today, an overtly, aggressively and ruthlessly terrorist organization recognized internationally as such. Still, Hamas should definitely be talked to by the United States, as horrendous a prospect as that might well seem (and is). And unfortunately, it has become almost risible in today's world that Great Britain or the United States could still even semi-seriously think Palestinians…...

1. The Jurisprudential analysis of Sierra Leones Cybercrime Act highlights the importance of legal principles and reasoning in interpreting and applying the law in the context of digital offenses.

2. By examining the Cybercrime Act through a jurisprudential lens, one can better understand the underlying philosophy and values that inform the legislation, shedding light on the intended legal outcomes and societal impacts.

3. Jurisprudential analysis helps to clarify the scope and limitations of the Cybercrime Act in Sierra Leone, allowing for a deeper exploration of the legal rights and responsibilities of individuals in the digital realm.

4. Through jurisprudential examination,....

1. The jurisprudential analysis of Sierra Leone's Cybercrime Act provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the legal implications of cybercrimes, thereby enhancing the Act's effectiveness in combating cyber threats.

2. Jurisprudential analysis reveals the Act's strengths and weaknesses, enabling policymakers to identify areas for improvement and strengthen the legal framework against cybercrimes.

3. By examining the Act through the lens of jurisprudential theories, the analysis contributes to the development of a coherent and consistent approach to cybercrime prosecution, ensuring fair and equitable outcomes.

4. Jurisprudential analysis helps clarify the complex legal issues surrounding cybercrimes, promoting legal certainty and predictability for both law enforcement....