Care of Cancer
Cancer has overtaken HIV / AIDS and malaria to top the list of headaches for medical departments and policy makers alike. In 2012, cancer claimed a massive 8.2 million lives, with breast, colorectal, stomach, lung, and liver cancers accounting for more than three-quarters of these. Alcohol and tobacco use, lack of physical activity, low vegetable and fruit intake, and high body mass index have been found to be responsible for a significant 30% of cancer deaths, with tobacco use causing 70% of the 1.59 million global lung cancer deaths reported in 2012. Metastasis, the process occasioned or characterized by unusual growth of abnormal cells, which end up invading adjacent parts, eventually extending to neighboring organs, is the mainspring of death from cancer. The World Health Organization projects that annual cancer cases will hit 22 million by the year 2020, but maintains that mortality can be reduced if…...

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References

Epstein, J.B., Thariat, J., Bensadoun, R.J., Barasch, A., Murphy, B.A., Kolnick, L., Popplewell, L. & Maghami, E. (2012). Oral Complications of Cancer and Cancer Therapy: from Cancer Treatment to Survivorship. CA Cancer J. Clin, 62(6), 400-422.

Kelvin, J.F. & Tyson, L. (2010). 100 Questions and Answers about Cancer Symptoms and Cancer Treatment Side Effects (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

NCI. (n.d.). Cancer Staging. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 8 July 2014 from  http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/staging 

Redd, W.H., Montgomery, G.H. & DuHamel, K.N. (2001). Behavioral Interventions for Cancer Treatment Side Effects. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93(11), 810-823.

Hypocholesterolemic Agents: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Citrate Lyase (ACL) InhibitorsBy limiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver, ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitors reduce LDLc. The enzyme ACL is upstream of HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol production pathway. Bempedoic acid is a novel and, until now, the only licensed adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase inhibitor that operates through the cholesterol-synthesis pathway (much like statins) to reduce LDL-C safely and effectively (Brandts & Ray, 2020). Because it is a prodrug, it is activated in the hepatocyte, avoiding the muscular side effects that statins might cause.ACL as compared to Statinsi. Mechanism of actionACL is a non-mitochondrial enzyme abundant in lipogenic tissues like the liver and adipose tissue. ACL catalyzes the conversion of cytosolic Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate from mitochondrial-derived citrate, with Acetyl-CoA acting as a common substrate for de-novo cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis (Govindaraju & Sabarathinam, 2021). The sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) regulates ACL transcription and…...

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References

Brandts, J., & Ray, K. K. (2020). Bempedoic acid, an inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: early indications and potential. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 29(8), 763-770.

Cicero, A. F., Fogacci, F., Hernandez, A. V., Banach, M., & Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group and the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). (2020). Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 17(7), e1003121.

Feingold, K. R. (2021). “Cholesterol-lowering drugs.” In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.

Cialis is the brand name of the drug tadalafil, which is most commonly prescribed for erectile dysfunction. The formula for tadafil is C22H19N3O4. Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 type (PDE-5) inhibitor; it inhibits the PDE-5 enzyme, which in turn prevents the destruction of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The resulting muscle relaxation increases blood flow to the penis.
Tablets are usually almond-shaped, and come in 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg doses. When manufactured by the Indian pharmaceutical company Cipla under the brand name Tadacip, the pills are also almond-shaped and light orange in color (Tadafil, 2016). Generally, doses of 10mg are recommended as a starting dose for complaints of erectile dysfunction. Some patients may respond to doses as low as 5 mg, whereas others may need 20 mg to notice effects. Effects last up to 36 hours, and can start working in about 30 minutes. The drug should not be taken more…...

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References

"Cialis," (n.d.). Rxlist. Retrieved online:  http://www.rxlist.com/cialis-drug.htm 

Cialis.com. Retrieved: https://www.cialis.com/

Cialis vs. Viagra. Retrieved online: http://cialis-vs.-viagra.biz/

"Highlights of Prescribing Information," (2003). Retrieved online:  http://pi.lilly.com/us/cialis-pi.pdf

Puerto ican Woman with Comorbid Addiction: A Case Study
Ms. Perez is a 53-year-old Puerto ican female who has complained that she is suffering from co-morbid addictions of alcoholism and gambling. Ms. Perez has sought treatment for alcoholism in the past but the combination of living near a casino and the availability of alcohol has caused her to relapse as well as to engage in gambling on a regular basis. Her gambling has negatively impacted her marriage and has also caused her to borrow significant sums from her retirement account. The patient is exhibiting the symptoms of depression, including a sad and lethargic demeanor.

Decision One

One option for the patient is prescribing Antabuse (Disulfiram), a medication which "blocks an enzyme that is involved in metabolizing alcohol intake" and "produces very unpleasant side effects when combined with alcohol in the body" ("Antabuse," 2017). The drug is designed to interfere with the rewards drinking…...

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References

Antabuse. (2017). Drugs.com. Retrieved from:  https://www.drugs.com/antabuse.html 

Armand, W. (2016). What's the best way to quit smoking? Harvard Health Publications.

Retrieved from:  http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/whats-best-way-quit-smoking-201607089935 

Campral. (2017). Drugs.com. Retrieved from:  https://www.drugs.com/campral.html

HIP PAIN
A Caucasian Man with Hip Pain

Decision Point One

The patient presents physical, social, and psychological complications. He is experiencing pain in his hip but is considered to be an unsuitable candidate for a hip replacement because of his age. The initial diagnosis was torn cartilage but the patient has also been diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CPS). He previously worked as a machinist but has since been unemployed and has a conflicted relationship with his girlfriend who has accused him of being a junky. The patient does exhibit some symptoms of depression.

The patient has previously complained about the negative side effects of some of the drugs he has been given to address his pain symptoms, including constipation and sleepiness. Given this, the use of the tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline would seem counterproductive given that these drugs often produce similar side effects ("Amitriptyline," 2016). However, Savella is a drug designed…...

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References

Amitriptyline. (2016). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from:

 http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amitriptyline-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20072061 

FAQs. (2017). Biofreeze. Retrieved from:  http://www.biofreeze.com/faqs 

Lidocaine. (2017). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from:

Galactosemia is a disorder in the body that results in the body's inability to metabolize galactose adequately. Galactose is a simple sugar that in correctly functioning body systems is used for energy. What happens when a person has galactosemia is the individual cannot break down the simple sugar and thus becomes lethargic, loses energy, loses weight, becomes jaundiced and the person can -- if untreated -- develop worse complications, such as cataracts, cirrhosis, mental disability and even death (Berry, Walter, 2012). Galactosemia is therefore a very serious disorder. However, it can be treated by simply avoiding galactose (milk-based products have galactose). This paper will discuss galactosemia, what causes it, the disadvantages (and advantages) of it, how to avoid suffering from it, and how to treat it.
What is Galactosemia?

Galactosemia is a condition by which the GALT gene is mutated in a disadvantageous way. The effect is that the body cannot absorb…...

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References

Berry, G., Walter, J. (2012). Disorders of galactose metabolism. Inborn Metabolic

Diseases. NY: Springer.

Broomfield, A., Brain, C., Grunewald, S. (2015). Galactosemia: diagnosis, management

and long-term outcome. Pediatrics and Child Health, 25(3): 112-118.

Katie & ADHD
What will be covered and described in this report is a series of actions and reactions to the plight and challenges faced by Katie. Katie is a child that is ostensibly developed and otherwise put together for her age. However, her academics are problematic and the primary (if not only) problem seems to be that she has little ability to pay attention or do things that so not directly and completely interest her. What will follow in this report is a listing of three decision points and why those precise decisions were made. The history involved will not be dwelled on given that this has already been covered to a great extent. However, the proper internal and scholarly justifications will be offered along the way to support the decisions made.

Analysis

Decision One

The first decision made was to put Katie on a medication. Despite the doubt and apprehension of her…...

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References

Hamedi, M., Mohammadi, M., Ghaleiha, A., Keshavarzi, Z., Jafarinia, M., Keramatfar, R., &. ..

Akhondzadeh, S. (2014). Bupropion in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Disorder: a Randomized, Double-blind Study. Acta Medica Iranica, 52(9), 675-680.

Paton, K., Hammond, P., Barry, E., Fitzgerald, M., McNicholas, F., Kirley, A., &. .. Johnson, K.

Asthma and Stepwise Management
Long-term control and quick relief treatment, and the effect on patients

Health care comprises of giving treatment for acute asthmatic incidents and management of persistent symptoms, which includes exercise-provoked and nocturnal asthmatic symptoms. Pharmacological controls entail the application of management mechanisms: inhaled corticosteroids, theophylline, long-acting bronchodilators (anticholinergics and beta-agonists), leukotriene transformers and the more current tactics for example the utilization of Ige, that is, anti-immunoglobulin E. antibodies (Omalizumab), and the use of anti-IL-5 antibodies in the case of selected patients. Considering all and especially the most severely affected patients, the crucial objective is to minimize symptoms, reduce morbidity experienced from acute instances and negate psychological and functional morbidity to give a healthy or near normal life expected of a child's age (Morris, 2016).

Majority of the population with asthma have to depend on long-term control medications on a daily basis to aid prevent the symptoms. Most efficient long-term medications…...

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References

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.). (2007). Stepwise Approach for Managing Asthma in Youths ≥12 Years of Age and Adults. In T. E. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethseda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.).

Morris, M. J. (2016). Asthma Treatment & Management. Retrieved from Medscape:  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296301-treatment 

National Institutes of Health. (2014, August 4). How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled? Retrieved from National Institutes of Health:  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/treatment

Essay Topic Examples 1. The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Deep Dive into Anxiety and Depression
     This essay will explore how the pervasive use of social media platforms correlates with rising rates of anxiety and depression, particularly among younger demographics. By examining studies and personal accounts, the discussion will focus on the mechanisms by which social media contributes to mental health issues, including the effects of comparison, cyberbullying, and the pressure to present a curated self-image.

2. The Erosions of rivacy: Surveillance and Data Mining in the Age of Social Media
     This topic will address the side effects of reduced privacy and increased corporate and governmental surveillance facilitated by social media. The essay will investigate how personal data is harvested and used, sometimes without consent, and the effects this has on individual autonomy and freedom, as well as the societal implications of such practices.

3. The aradox of Connection: Social…...

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Primary Sources

Primack, Brian A., et al. \"Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S.\" American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 53, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-8.

Twenge, Jean M., and Keith Campbell. \"Associations between Screen Time and Lower Psychological Well-Being Among Children and Adolescents: Evidence from a Population-Based Study.\" Preventive Medicine Reports, vol. 12, 2018, pp. 271-283.

Lin, Lydia Y., et al. \"Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among U.S. Young Adults.\" Depression and Anxiety, vol. 33, no. 4, 2016, pp. 323-331.

Woods, Heather C., and Scott M. Scott. \"#Sleepyteens: Social Media Use in Adolescence Is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Low Self-Esteem.\" Journal of Adolescence, vol. 51, 2016, pp. 41-49.

Vannucci, Anna, et al. \"Social Media Use and Anxiety in Emerging Adults.\" Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 207, 2017, pp. 163-166.

According to a 2002 survey conducted under the auspices of NIH, ecstasy abuse among college and university students in general is a widespread trend that impedes academic performance (Bar-on, 2002). The NIH survey targeted 66 4-year American universities and colleges alike. The projected findings indicated a diminishing trend in undergraduate academic performance amongst students who indulge in binge drinking and abuse ecstasy in the process. Elsewhere, a Harvard College drug study indicated persistent drug users were more likely to miss lectures and delay in their coursework than the average student (Montgomery & Fisk, 2008).
A parallel IP esearch dubbed "Predictors of academic achievement and retention among college freshmen" projected that while certain students manage to cope with the new life role upon entering college, a good number of students flunk out of college before completing their freshman year. According to this research, 75% of the freshman drop out is related…...

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References

Bar-on, R. (2002). Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I): Technical Manual. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems

Erikson, E (1956) "The problem of ego identity" (pdf) Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56 -- 121

Kotter, J & Cohen, D (2002) the Heart of Change: Real-Life Stories of How People Change Their Organizations Harvard Business Review Press

Montgomery C. & Fisk J.E. (2008) "Ecstasy-related deficits in the updating component of executive processes" Human Psychopharmacology 23 (6): 495 -- 511

Anti-Cancer Drug Anaerobin
a) EFFECTS ON KIDNEYS, HEART AND BRAIN

Cytotoxic metabolites are created when bio-reductive drugs go through a metabolic process because they contribute to curing cancer by lowering oxygen to areas where the cancer affects the body. The local auto regulation process of the body provides the oxygen to all parts of the body where it is needed. The arterioles supplying that tissue for oxygen dilate to supply more oxygen than usual. This happens also in the case of the tumor when it demands more oxygen; it is supplied by the body and anaerobin affects the auto regulation process in all areas as it reduces the blood flow to all organs, except the lungs. It can reduce the oxygen and supply of nutrients to the tumor by up to 99%. Therefore this bio-reductive drug can help in treatment of cancer in modern therapy.

Anti-cancer drugs reduce the cell growth of the…...

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Linda Bren, 2005. Cancer Drugs: weighing the Risks and Benefits. FDA Consumer, 41(1), pp.10+.

Nootropic. Available at:  Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nootropic#Vitamins_and_supplements  (Accessed at 2 December 2011)

Paual Ravasco, Isabel Monterio-Grillo, Pedro Marques Vidal & Maria Ermelinda Camilio, 2005. Dietary Counseling Improves Patient Outcomes: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(7), pp. 1431-1438.

Self-Esteem
Exercise promotes higher self-esteem in individuals of all ages and/or physical capabilities as long as the individual enjoys the particular exercise program or feels there are definite and measurable benefit to participating in the program.

Professional athletes are some of the most self assured individuals in our society. There have been many studies that have shown that these individuals are highly paid yet the majority of them would continue to work at their sport for free. One of the main reasons for these phenomena is that these specialists really enjoy what they do and they feel they get an obvious reward for doing what they do. They literally get paid for exercising.

Exercise provides many benefits. These athletes receive a unique benefit that many laymen simply are unaware that it comes with the turf so to speak. Professional athletes get the benefit of added self-esteem. "Speculation regarding the interactions between physical…...

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Works Cited

Boyd, Michael and Yin, Zenong. "Cognitive-Affective And Behavioral Correlates Of Self-Schemata In Sport" Journal of Sport Behavior (1999).

Douthitt, Vicki L. "Psychological Determinants Of Adolescent Exercise Adherence" Adolescence 22 Sept. 1994.

Gavin, Jim, and Avi Mark Spitzer. "The psychology of exercise: studying recent trends in exercise psychology research gives clues on how to promote participation." IDEA Health & Fitness Source 01 Nov. 2002.

Guthrie, Sharon R. "Defending the Self-Martial Arts and Women's Self-Esteem [Part 1 of 3]" Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal (1997).

mental illness on the individual, family, and community, and identify mental health resources for individuals experiencing mental illness. Mental illness does not just affect the patient, it affects the entire patient's family and friends, and it can affect them throughout their life. Unfortunately, mental illness still invokes a stigma in this country, which has a negative affect on patients suffering from mental illness.
Even when people attempt to be open minded, there is still a stigma that revolves around people who suffer from mental health issues. Two authors note, "People suffering from mental illness and other mental health problems are among the most stigmatized, discriminated against, marginalized, disadvantaged and vulnerable members of our society" (Overton & Medina, 2008). This is just one of the negative affects of suffering from mental illness, and it can be as debilitating as the disease itself. In the past, (such as the middle ages, people…...

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References

Corrigan, P.W., Watson, A.C., Byrne, P., & Davis, K.E. (2005). Mental illness stigma: Problem of public health or social justice?. Social Work, 50(4), 363+.

Neugeboren, J. (2006, October 6). Side effects. Commonweal, 133, 38.

Overton, S.L., & Medina, S.L. (2008). The stigma of mental illness. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(2), 143+.

My Work1The course provided a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms of neurotransmission, including the different types of neurotransmitters and their functions. The course also explained how psychotropic medications target specific neurotransmitter systems to treat various mental health conditions. For example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSIs) are commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders because they increase the availability of serotonin in the brain, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation (Hjorth et al., 2021).The course covered major categories of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers. It explained the rationale for using these medications, their mechanisms of action, and common side effects associated with their use. For example, antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder because they block dopamine receptors, a neurotransmitter that is overactive in these conditions. At the same time, these drugs can have negative side effects.The course additionally covered the use of complementary…...

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ReferencesHjorth, O. R., Frick, A., Gingnell, M., Hoppe, J. M., Faria, V., Hultberg, S., ... & Furmark, T. (2021). Expectancy effects on serotonin and dopamine transporters during SSRI treatment of social anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 1-8.

public corruption and its effect, including the claim that public corruption in an unavoidable side effect of development. Corruption in public service can be an ongoing concern in many areas. Corruption can lead to disorder, lack of trust in police or other public entities, and to ongoing problems with morale and citizen support. There is an argument that in countries with high levels of corruption, it has some benefit, but that is difficult to accept, as corruption only benefits those who participate in it, and it definitely does not benefit the general population.
The Transparency International Web site defines corruption as "Corruption is operationally defined as the misuse of entrusted power for private gain" (Editors, 2009). They go on to state that public servants (including criminal justice professionals), have a duty to remain above corruption. They note, "It is the duty of civil servants, managers and trustees to act visibly,…...

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References

Editors. (2009). Corruption FAQs. Retrieved 10 August 2009 from the Transparency International Web site:  http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faq .

Myint, U. (2000). Corruption: causes, consequences, and cures. Asia-Pacific Development Journal. 7 (2). 33-58.

Spector, B.I. (Ed.). (2005). Fighting corruption in developing countries: Strategies and analysis. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

We can explain the concept of what punishment is and how it could be tied to not drinking water, as well as explain how you could chart or graph results with a study group that was not drinking water and a control group that was consuming the recommended amount of water.   Unfortunately, you omitted some of the information we would need to write an answer specifically addressing the experiment you appear to be referencing.  

Here are some suggested titles for an essay on stress.

1. The Impact of Stress on Performance
2. Anxiety and Ailments: The Long-Term Impact of Unresolved Stress
3. Stress Fractures: How Anxiety Breaks Relationships
4. The Physical Manifestations of Stress
5. Stress and Performance: The Good and the Bad
6. Stress and Success: Why We All Need to Adjust Expectations in a Pandemic
7. Generational Stress: What Is It and How Does It Impact People?
8. Exercise, Eating Right, and Getting Enough Sleep: Can Healthy Habits Really Help You Manage Stress?
9. When Does Stress Become Too Stressful? 
10. The Side Effects of Stress: Can It Make Your Mind Play Tricks on You?  

One of the difficulties about writing a summary of any of the vaccines for the novel Coronavirus that is known as COVID-19 is that much of the information remains unknown.  In addition, because the vaccines created by Pfizer and Moderna are both mRNA vaccines, which are not a familiar type of vaccine, they create some additional questions.  How long will the vaccines be effective?  Are they safe?  Will they work to prevent infection by the newer strands of COVID-19?  Do they change your DNA as some people on the internet are suggesting? ....

1. The Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia: Exploring the Complexities of Brain Abnormalities

- Investigate the structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, including alterations in neurotransmitter systems, connectivity, and neural circuitry.
- Discuss the role of genetic and environmental factors in shaping these brain abnormalities and their contribution to the development of schizophrenia.
- Explore the potential links between neuroinflammation, immune dysfunction, and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

2. Hallucinations and Delusions: Unraveling the Subjective Experiences in Schizophrenia

- Analyze the phenomenology of hallucinations and delusions, examining their characteristic features, content, and impact on the individual's subjective reality.
- Explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these psychotic....