, 2006).
Combining cognitive behavior therapy with mindfulness is called mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. In one study mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was applied to depression patients that had shown a resistance to typical cognitive behavior therapy treatment. The patients were taught mindfulness-based cognitive therapy techniques to disengage the old destructive patterns of thought that held them in a depressed state. Using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy techniques, these patients improved from their previous depression levels and some returned to nearly normal mood levels (Kenny & Williams, 2007).

A study using normal, undergraduate students compared a focused breathing technique (similar to some meditation techniques) with unfocused attention and worrying. The students were divided into three sections. Each section saw a recorded 15 minute exercise on each technique. The students were then shown a series of slides, some were neutral and some were negative. The intensity of the student's reactions to each slide was recorded. The focused breathing…...

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Not all applications of positive psychology have been wildly successful. Part of the problem is its newness. Positive psychology has not been tested with great rigor as of yet. Studies have tended to be small scale and of limited duration. Some study methodologies have not been constructed to high scientific standards. Another issue is a lack of consistent terminology and theory between studies which makes them very difficult to compare directly (Ospina et al., 2007). There is, however, enough evidence of actual improvement in the study patients condition that further and more scientifically sound studies are very worth investing in (Coelho, Canter, & Ernst, 2007).

One interesting investigation studied the effect of mindfulness on the therapist. Would the mindfulness benefits that have been seen to occur for patients also aid therapists in their work? One would expect that it should. Oddly enough, the result was a qualified no. For certain highly structured therapies, mindfulness was found to be a distraction. (Stanley et al., 2006).

The answer seems to lie in how people learn. When a new skill is learned, a person must focus on what they are doing. Think carefully through the process on step at a time. Once learned a task is delegated to procedural memory and the person ceases to think actively about it. Mindfulness forces a person to focus on the process again which can disrupt the smooth performance of the skill. A highly structured therapy is designed to be followed precisely. A mindful therapist is by

Within months after Winfrey took over, the show went from last place in the ratings to overtaking Donahue as the highest rated talk show in Chicago. It was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. And the rest is history.
Considering her past, childhood and experiences and positive outlook in life, she didn't let anything deter her from reaching her goal and becoming successful. In fact, she uses them to inspire and reach out to others.

Conclusion

Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. Self-confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe that, within reason, they will be able to do what they wish, plan, and expect.

Surprisingly, lack of self-confidence is not necessarily related to lack of ability. Instead it is often the result of focusing too much on the unrealistic expectations or standards…...

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Bibliography

Self-Confidence. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http://www.couns.uiuc.edu/New_Site/defaultwinter.html

Dr. C. George Boeree. (2006). B.F. Skinner, Personality Theories. Retrieved May 5, 2007 from  http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/skinner.html 

Oprah Winfrey. (2007). Retrieved May 5, 2007 from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey 

Alfred Adler, Core of Personality. Retrieved April 26, 2007 from http://psych.eiu.edu/spencer/Adler.html

A person with high self-esteem is a (6) risk-taker (DuBrin 2004: 86-87). Nothing is more risky yet more fulfilling than learning something new.
Explain how they can help you strengthen your self-confidence

Self-acceptance of who I am right now gives me knowledge of where I want to go in the future. Self-esteem means being confident that my learning and personal investments will pay off, that I am truly 'worth it' in terms of the ventures I attempt. In all of the above-cited examples, education seems like the key to building self-esteem. Education shows a sense of personal confidence in one's ability to advance (and is reinforced by positive self-talk and building upon one's core skills).

Analyze how self-confidence can affect job performance and how inter-office relationships are affected by differing levels of self-confidence.

Everyone has been in an office setting where a 'bullying' boss has dominated his or her employees. The bosses' sense…...

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References

Burton, James P. & Jenny Hoobler. (2006). Subordinate self-esteem and abusive supervision.

Journal of Managerial Issues. Retrieved July 19, 2011 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6703/is_3_18/ai_n29301186/ 

Denton, L. Trey & Constance Campbell. (2010). Dementors in our midst: Managing the highly productive but morale-killing employee. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. Retrieved July 19, 2011 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5383/is_200901/ai_n31513452/ 

DuBrin, A. (2004). Applying psychology: Individual and organizational effectiveness. Pearson.

1. The term “depth psychology” is appropriate for referring to psychoanalysis, but not for all types of psychotherapy. Any psychotherapy that involves in-depth self-assessments through the exploration of unconscious or subconscious urges, dreams, or childhood memories can be considered depth psychology. As the term suggests, depth psychology presumes that psychological issues have deep roots, requiring a process of systematic digging. Self-awareness is only possible through an understanding of all psychic content that has been and still is being repressed or suppressed (Axelrod, 2012). Depth psychology is therefore important for persons who experienced childhood traumas, or people seeking to understand the causes of their lingering anxiety or depression. Other therapeutic models like cognitive-behavioral therapy or positive psychology do not focus on the subconscious or unconscious but mainly on manifest behaviors.
According to Firestone (2009), depth psychology has its detractors because of the long periods of time required to complete the therapeutic process,…...

If she indicates an interest in promotion and leadership, I will connect her existing behavior and its effects to her relatively slim chances of ever attaining such dreams.
Another problem is that ue is relatively new in the company and feels that she has to make an impression as a highly ambitious person. I will talk to ue about this and ask her about her definitions of ambition, and whether this should necessarily include aggression. I will impress upon her the necessity of honesty and teamwork. When she leaves my office, ue needs to be aware that her behavior is to change if she hopes to excel in a leadership position. I would therefore attempt to persuade sue by using her own beliefs and dreams.

In the case of Alice, I would also call her to my office and ask her whether she is aware of the opinions surrounding her actions.…...

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Sources

Capadanno, Stephanie, Zapanta, Liezel & Buccoli, Molly. Prompting Plus Choice of Target Behavior Increase Compliance with Behavioral Self-Monitoring. Organizational Behavior Network.  http://www.obmnetwork.com/resources/articles/main/Capadanno_PromptPlusChoice/ 

ChangingMinds.org (2007). Self-Monitoring Behavior.  http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/self-monitoring.htm 

Holtzhausen, Derina. (2001, Jan 1). The Effects of Workplace Democracy on Employee Communication Behavior: Implications for Competitive Advantage.  http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/workforce-management/817419-1.html 

Mehra, Ajay, Kilduff, Martin & Brass, Daniel J. (2001, March). The Social Networks of High and Low Self-monitors: Implications for Workplace Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly. Database: FindArticles.com:

They offer the same flexibility and costs saving available to people at larger organizations. According an article published by Physicians Care,
"hen we set up a self-funded plan for a smaller employer, we help them select the appropriate level of stop-loss or excess-loss insurance, which provides reimbursement for large catastrophic claims. Stop-loss insurance allows smaller employers to consider this very economical approach to providing employee health benefits because it protects them from large claims ("Is Self-Funding or Fully Insured Right for Your Company?")."

Although self-funding can offer many organizations with the chance to reduce costs there are instances when this option is simply not appropriate. The inappropriateness of the option has a great deal to do with the demographics of the employees. If a company has a significant number of older workers or workers with chronic illnesses, such a plan would not be advantageous. The main reason for the lack of…...

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Works cited

Advantages of Self-Funding. Retrieved September 30, 2009 from; http://www.physicianscare.com/content/public/default.aspx?id=327

Gammon, R.B. (2009) Self-funded health care could lower costs. The Business Journal of Milwaukee - by Retrieved September 30, 2009 from;  http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2006/02/27/focus4.html 

Self-funded health insurance: It's about risk, vulnerability, cost savings

Schreck, Tom the Business Review (Albany) - by for the Business Review Retrieved September 30, 2009 from;  http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2005/12/05/focus4.html

' A cognitive behavioral therapist might ask, what will harming yourself do to improve your grades on the test? Cognitive therapies in general have been shown to be more effective than traditional supportive talk therapies when treating anxiety conditions because they offer concrete steps for self-improvement on a continuing basis (Reeves 2003, p1.). Patients are also asked to identify things they would like to do in which current behavior patterns prevent them from engaging, such as wearing short-sleeved shirts.
Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy shows a higher success rate in anxiety disorders and OCD than traditional psychotherapy, likely because of its behavioral component. The fact that many DSH patients are diagnosed with BPD may complicate treatment, but BPT responds well in some instances to these therapies, too. BPT patients manifest disordered patterns of relationships, thinking, behavior, and coping mechanisms that contribute to unstable life patterns as well as contribute to the kind…...

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Works Cited

Bland, Ann R., Georgina Tudor & Deborah McNeil Whitehouse (2007, October). Nursing care of inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.

Retrieved from FindArticles.com on February 16, 2009  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_200710/ai_n21099913?tag=content;col1 

Mangnall, Jacqueline & Eleanor Yurkovich. (2008). A literature review of deliberate self-harm.

).
As a top manager, the person possesses three distinct categories of self-efficacy beliefs (Yun, 2007). These are his individual participant's abilities, his team's capabilities, and the organization's capabilities. Team capabilities are not simply the sum of the abilities of the individual members. And organizational capabilities are different from team capabilities. These being distinct from one another, the top manager can build his efficacy beliefs on himself, the team and the organization. Organizational efficacy can then proceed from the top manager's belief in the organization's capabilities to create competitive advantage as well as attain high performance (Yun).

Self-Efficacy in the Work Environment

Employee Empowerment

According to Newstrom and Davis, self-efficacy is the conviction that one can successfully perform a given task and make meaningful contributions (Edralin, 2004). Causes of powerlessness and low self-efficacy in the workplace are job-related, boss-related, and reward system-related. Unclear roles and expectations, lack of opportunity to use discretion at work,…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bandura, a. (1994). Self-efficacy. Vol 4: 71-81 Encyclopedia of Human Behavior:

Academic Press. Retrieved on March 24, 2010 from http://www.des.edu/mfp/BanEncy.html

Beckman, R.H., et al. (2007). Effect of workplace laughter groups on personal efficacy beliefs. 28: 167-182 The Journal of Primary Prevention: Springer Science- Business

Media. Retrieved on March 23, 2010 from http://www.laughterlinks.com/research/AuthorsFullText.pdf

He does his share of complaining but he does little else to remedy the situation. The truth of the matter is that Gregor did not enjoy much of his life away from work. He never expresses a desire to have more in his life nor does he express any regret, until he is a bug. In "A Hunger Artist," our hunger artist chooses to live a considerable amount of his life behind bars being a public spectacle. hile he can communicate with onlookers, he is separated from them by the bars and the setting in which he finds himself only forces him to interact with individuals for a short amount of time. Once they have become satisfied with his spectacle, they move on and leave the artist to his own thoughts. Our hunger artist is aware of the world that exists around him but it does not seem to…...

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Works Cited

Freed, Donna. The Metamorphosis and Other Stories. New York: Barnes and Nobel Books. 1996.

Goldfarb, Sheldon. "The Metamorphosis." Short Stories for Students. 2001. Gale Resource Database. 1963. Site Accessed November 22, 2008.  http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com 

Kafka, Franz. "A Hunger Artist." The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction R.V. Cassill, ed. New York W.W. Norton and Company. 1981. pp. 779-86.

Kafka, Franz. "The Metamorphosis." The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction R.V. Cassill, ed. New York W.W. Norton and Company. 1981. pp. 740-78.

Self-Esteem
Exercise promotes higher self-esteem in individuals of all ages and/or physical capabilities as long as the individual enjoys the particular exercise program or feels there are definite and measurable benefit to participating in the program.

Professional athletes are some of the most self assured individuals in our society. There have been many studies that have shown that these individuals are highly paid yet the majority of them would continue to work at their sport for free. One of the main reasons for these phenomena is that these specialists really enjoy what they do and they feel they get an obvious reward for doing what they do. They literally get paid for exercising.

Exercise provides many benefits. These athletes receive a unique benefit that many laymen simply are unaware that it comes with the turf so to speak. Professional athletes get the benefit of added self-esteem. "Speculation regarding the interactions between physical…...

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Works Cited

Boyd, Michael and Yin, Zenong. "Cognitive-Affective And Behavioral Correlates Of Self-Schemata In Sport" Journal of Sport Behavior (1999).

Douthitt, Vicki L. "Psychological Determinants Of Adolescent Exercise Adherence" Adolescence 22 Sept. 1994.

Gavin, Jim, and Avi Mark Spitzer. "The psychology of exercise: studying recent trends in exercise psychology research gives clues on how to promote participation." IDEA Health & Fitness Source 01 Nov. 2002.

Guthrie, Sharon R. "Defending the Self-Martial Arts and Women's Self-Esteem [Part 1 of 3]" Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal (1997).

Workspace Speech
speech version Bank Workspace

SELF-INTEREST

Greetings, Thanks! I'm NAME, I used to be in banking, until the S&L crisis.

in fact my first job was as a teller; I moved up the normal channels, our branch became so successful I was promoted into regional management. We did so well our bank was taken over, and I was downsized, along with all the rest of middle management, and so I started this consulting firm.

So now I just use banks. Why? Well I have to, to some degree, but because I want to make money, and that's what banks do.

Why do you go to work every day? Well, to make money! Why does the bank open its doors every day? To make money. Anyone here want to make more money? Who wants to make more? I'm here to tell you today how you can do that, and also have a better time at work.

Who…...

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Dr. Gloria Galanes tells us how "[d]ialectical theory describes all human relationships as grounded in contradictions" (Galanes, 2009, p. 409), because have opposing drives and want to satisfy both at once. She points to simultaneous desires for autonomy and connectedness; stability and adaptation; task-oriented vs. socio-emotional orientation; and a list of examples which you could probably add to yourselves. These drives create ambiguous demands between individuals in probably every conceivable relationship, many of which have been studied explicitly. Dialectical theory is particularly useful for explaining small group relationships, which become "inherently paradoxical" because "members encounter a variety of feelings and actions they experience as contradictory but that exist simultaneously within the group (Smith & Berg, 1987b, qtd. In Galanes 2009).

I see some of you nodding: I expected that, because all individuals (to our knowledge so far) share these conflicting desires in many ways to different degrees. How can this play out in the bank? Time passes faster when there are more customers at the till but some of them are grouchy so you both want and don't it to get busy at the same time. You are a social person but sometimes others become more personal or intimate too quickly so you remain aloof, which they take as something completely different. The result is lonely people who both do and don't want someone to talk to. I know these things happen because they happen to all of us, including me.

What happens next is that we internalize these dialectical ambiguities and their tensions into 'self-talk.' It is apparently very rare to find people who don't constantly have a conversation with themselves -- not out loud, although we find those too! [laughing; 'there's one in every crowd' etc.] Most people discuss the world they observe with themselves in an ongoing conversation that is never verbalized, which Dr. Patrick Jenner argues convincingly is how we explain the reality we find outside ourselves, to ourselves (2009, 37). What happens as we encounter change in the world around us is we continually renegotiate the definitions underlying our prior assessment of relationships, individuals, situations and objects to cope with new information. When this

self-service technology (SST) and its effect on customer service. The essay reviews six articles, the results of their SST research, and talks about what the findings mean for companies and their relationships with consumers.
Self-service technology, which allows consumers to produce services for themselves without help from a company's employees, is becoming more and more important to companies. Beatson, Lee & Coote (2007) studied how consumers feel about SST. Their research tried to explain how SST affects consumer satisfaction and consumer commitment.

One of the challenges for companies considering SST is to understand its affect on customer retention. Companies cannot survive without repeat business, so they need to be sure that SST does not affect the loyalty of their customers. They need to be sure that the advantages of SST outweigh the disadvantages (Beatson et al., 2007).

The possible advantages of using SST include faster service, reduced labor costs, increased productivity, competitiveness,…...

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Dabholkar, P.A., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2002). An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, (30)3, 184-201.

Dabholkar, P.A., Bobbitt, L.M., & Lee, E.J. (2003). Understanding consumer motivation and behavior related to self-scanning in retailing. International Journal of Service Industry Management, (14)1, 59-95.

Meuter, M.L., Bitner, M.J., Ostrom, A.L., & Brown, S.W. (2005). Choosing among alternative service delivery modes: An investigation of customer trial of self-service technologies. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 61-83.

self-defeating behavior patterns I have is procrastinating. I know that many students suffer from this behavior pattern and struggle with it, but in my case, I consider it a serious problem that has influenced my academic work. Because of procrastinating, I sometimes have to work fast (and thus imperfectly) at the last minute and work under stress. I may even not be able to finish my work in time because of not starting to do it earlier.
For example, recently I needed to write an analytical essay for my English class. I had the whole weekend to do it. Although I did some important things during those days, I kept postponing the writing process until late Sunday. The paper was due the next day. It was a short paper, but since it was an analytical one, I had to stay late at night to finish it in time. I did…...

Do I choose things that are primarily in my best interest or do I choose based in what is best for society and then trust that the end result will be in my best interest?
There are so many choices in life and I do at times become nervous about making the right choices, however, I think with the right education and spiritual guidance I will find the path that allows me to be my best self while at the same time making the world a better place for others as well as me.

Like osa Parks, and countless others who daily make choices that produce change, it is those who will dare to dream of a better life, those who will risk failure, those who will make the right choices who will change themselves, their families, their businesses and organizations and yes, even their world! The ability to choose is…...

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References

Here is something very refreshing indeed:

http://www.experiencedesignernetwork.com/archives/000409.html

March 3, 2000 Bush Is Catching the Spiritual Wave by Larry Kudlow

http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=OGE5NTM5YjAxMTAxYjFkMDZmNTM0NzA0NzEzNjg5MDQ=

e., physically), socially, and morally. In cognitive development, the individual learns how to think for himself/herself, and create decisions, judgments, and thoughts that are uniquely his/hers. Social development, meanwhile, is reinforced through one's recognition of gender identity. Through gender identity, the individual is able to determine and reinforce the role and status that society has given him or her as a man or woman. In effect, the individual becomes part of the society's institutions and structure because of the reinforcement of one's gender identity. Lastly, moral development takes place when the individual, based on his own cognitive and social experiences, is able to formulate his/her "personal philosophy," value judgment that s/he uses to create his/her beliefs, opinions, and feelings about life in general.
ibliography

Santrock, J. (2001). Psychology. NY: McGraw-Hill ook Co....

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Bibliography

Santrock, J. (2001). Psychology. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.