Diabetes Self-Management
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases that continue to affect a huge population and generating devastating effects on the patients' quality of life. Actually, this condition is a major life-threatening and progressive disease characterized by numerous complications that result in lower levels of quality of life for patients as it develops. Given its prevalence and devastating health effects, self-management of this condition is emerging as an important intervention for improving patients' quality of life in light of disease progression. Actually, the disease generates significant demands in relation to devoting more time to its management as a measure of enhancing patient outcomes.

As a result of the importance of self-management in enhancing patients' quality of life, several studies have been carried out regarding self-management practices for effective management of the condition. Researchers have carried out different studies on this issue given that self-management practices tend to be complex…...

mla

This study provides a model of various aspects relating to the disease including self-management using an Australian sample. The researchers utilized a cross-sectional study design across a sample population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and found that knowledge, attitudes, and self-management are crucial factors that can affect the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study will be used to highlight the significance of self-management in coping with the condition and its complications.

Penn et al. (2015). Modelling Self-management Pathways for People with Diabetes in Primary Care. BMC Family Practice, 16(122), 1-10.

The researchers have focused on developing a model in primary care to examine and highlight the procedures for finding self-management support given the complexities in implementing self-management practices. The researchers collected data from 21 NHS general practices and collated them into a combined pathway in which they found that current practices in self-management are characterized by some limitations. The study will be used to highlight the significance of social support in self-management practices.

Pathophysiological Analysis
Diabetes Self-Management must first begin with understanding Diabetes Mellitus. Microaneurysm formation presents as the earliest expression of diabetic retinopathy. Chances for microaneurysms to form are due to the release of vasoproliferative influences, weakness within the capillary wall, or amplified intra-luminal pressures. Vascular permeability typically results from Microaneurysms. Vascular permeability can also lead to macular edema. "Vascular permeability in the macula can lead to macular edema and can threaten central vision. Obliteration of retinal capillaries can lead to intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IMAs). As capillary closure becomes extensive, intraretinal hemorrhages develop" (Zimmerman, 2013, p. 1).

Proliferative retinopathy progresses due to ischemia as well as release of vasoactive substances. This can be VEGF or vascular endothelial growth factor, which fuels new blood vessel creation as a development of non-proliferative retinopathy. Such vessels blow up through the exterior of the retina and develop on the posterior surface of the named vitreous humor. These kinds…...

mla

References

Glasgow, R., Kurz, D., King, D., Dickman, J., Faber, A., & Halterman, E. et al. (2012). Twelve-month outcomes of an Internet-based diabetes self-management support program. Patient Education And Counseling, 87(1), 81-92.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.024 

Haas, L., Maryniuk, M., Beck, J., Cox, C., Duker, P., & Edwards, L. et al. (2012). National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support.Diabetes Care, 36(Supplement_1), S100-S108.  http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-s100 

Rothschild, S., Martin, M., Swider, S., Lynas, C., Avery, E., Janssen, I., & Powell, L. (2012). The Mexican-American Trial of Community Health workers (MATCH): Design and baseline characteristics of a randomized controlled trial testing a culturally tailored community diabetes self-management intervention.Contemporary Clinical Trials, 33(2), 369-377.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.013 

Zimmerman, R. (2013). Diabetes Mellitus: Disease Management.Clevelandclinicmeded.com. Retrieved 17 October 2015, from  http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/endocrinology/diabetes-mellitus/

Diabetes Self-Management: Exercise and Nutrition
The Diabetes Association reports that it has been "…well documented that the average person who goes through a diabetes educational program reduces A1C levels by 1 and a half percentage points." (2011) In fact, the average individual who goes through the program is able to reduce their A1C levels "by 2 points." (Diabetes Association, 2011)

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effectiveness of the Diabetes Self-Management for the individual with a focus on exercise and nutrition.

The research study proposed herein has as its primary objective and aim to conduct a research study on a sampling of individuals with diabetes in order to examine the effectiveness of the Diabetes Self-Management initiative with a focus on exercise and nutrition.

Methodology

The proposed methodology for the research study proposed is one of a qualitative nature that will firstly conduct a review of literature on this area of study and…...

mla

References

Arbuckle, K.A. (2010) Setting Goals for Diabetes Self-Management. Bright Hub. 18 Oct 2010. Retrieved from:  http://www.brighthub.com/health/diabetes/articles/91661.aspx 

Christensen, Nedra K., Steiner, Julianne, and Whalen, Jack (2000) Contribution of Medical Nutrition Therapy and Diabetes Self-Management Education to Diabetes Control as Assessed by Hemoglobin A1c. Diabetes Spectrum Vol.13, No.2, 2000. Retrieved from:  http://journal.diabetes.org/diabetesspectrum/00v13n2/pg72.htm 

Diabetes Self-Management Education Program (2011) Diabetes Society. Retrieved from: http://www.diabetessociety.org/education/3-step

Medicare Coverage of Diabetes Self-Management Training and Medical Nutrition Therapy. Retrieved from:  http://www.sdhdidaho.org/hpro/pdf/coverage_self_mgmnt.pdf

persons diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (Cadzow, Vest, Craig M., owe, & Kahn, 2014). The medical practitioners have made efforts to improve clinical treatments for patient's life with a lot being left to chance. ecently, it has been seen that patient self-management program complement the clinical treatment. Thus, patient's self-management program has a significant role to play towards the management of diabetes (Saxe-Custack & Weatherspoon, 2013). This paper presents measures of implementing a self-management plan for Diabetic patients. The plan intends to apply articulated measures of managing Type 2 Diabetes and improving the quality of life for patients (Gamboa Moreno et al., 2013).
For the purposes of arriving implementing and assessing the effectiveness of the program the subjects selected will be gathered in a training forum. The forum will undertake the task to inform the subjects the prevailing measures of care on Type 2 Diabetes and the target for the…...

mla

References

Cadzow, R. B., Vest, B. M., Craig M., Rowe, J. S., & Kahn, L. S. (2014). "Living Well with Diabetes": Evaluation of a Pilot Program to Promote Diabetes Prevention and Self-Management in a Medically Underserved Community. Diabetes Spectrum, 27(4), 246-255.

Gamboa Moreno et al. (2013). Impact of a self-care education programme on patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care in the Basque Country. . BMC Public Health, 13(1), 521-528.

Saxe-Custack, A., & Weatherspoon, L. (2013). A Patient-Centered Approach Using Community-Based Paraprofessionals to Improve Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes. American Joumal of Health Education, 44, 213-220.

Diabetes
A recent study conducted by Okolie et al. determined that diabetes is a current concern to the healthcare industry and that it not only would be a continuing concern for decades to come, but it would also grow in magnitude, especially among the non-developed nations as compared to the developed nations of the world where it is already a more prevalent problem. The researchers wrote that diabetes was of a very high concern and that "such a chronic condition requires self-care, which can be developed from a thorough understanding of the disease process and the management challenges by the patient and family members" (Okolie, Uchenna, Ehiemere, Ijeoma, Iheanccho, 2009, p. 354). What their study was seeking to determine was whether those patient and family challenges could be overcome by implementing an educational program that would emphasize diet and exercise.

The study's environment involved diabetic patients from Nigeria who were provided with…...

mla

References

Cimbiz, A.; Ozay, Y.; Yurekdeler, N.; Cayci, K.; Colak, T.; Aksoy, C.C.; (2011) The effect of long-term exercise training on the blood glucose level and weight in alloxan administered mice, Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 68 -- 70

Hazar, S. (2010) The effect of regular moderate exercise on muscle damage and inflammation at individuals of different cardiovascular risk groups, Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 5, Issue 10, pp. 1172-1180

Okolie, V.U.; Ehiemere, O.I.; Iheanacho. N.P.; Kalu-Igwe, I.N.; (2009) Knowledge of diabetes management and control by diabetic patients at the Federal Medical Center in Umuahia Abja State, Nigeria, International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 9, pp. 353 -- 358

Riaz, S. (2009) Diabetes mellitus, Scientific Research and Essay, Vol. 4, Issue 5, pp. 367-373

Chronic Disease Self-Management and Nursing oles
The scoping review on self-care in the third chapter of Doran's book and Zavertnik's article are clear, precise, and articulated based on the individual objectives to be outlined in the entire parts of the material. The scope covers all central concepts of the study. The scope covers all the selected study areas, notably the selected study populations and the targets populations. Nonetheless, the common difference between the two is that the Doran review offers a rather larger scope unlike that offered in Zavertnik's review (Zavertnik, 2014). Much of Doran's review is within the range of the study participants, rather convenient in nature (Doran, 2011). In contrast, the scope is dispersed in Zavertnik's review. The two reviews elicit the desire to influence audience not just within the periphery of its study but from all over the spheres of the world. The definitions are detailed since they…...

mla

References

Doran, D.M. (2011). Nursing Outcomes. The State of the Science. Second Edition. Soudberry, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Zavertnik, J. E. (2014). Self-care in Older Adults with Heart Failure: An Integrative Review. Clinical Nurse Specialist: 19-32

Policy DevelopmentThe \\\"Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES)\\\" Toolkit is designed to give people with diabetes the skills and knowledge they need to effectively manage their condition. The toolkit includes a wide range of resources, including educational materials, support tools, and patient education handouts. The DSMES toolkit is an essential resource for people with diabetes who want to learn how to effectively manage their condition. The DSMES Toolkit can be used by people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and it is also a valuable resource for caregivers and health care providers who want to help promote health literacy and apply preventive health care.The DSMES toolkit includes a variety of educational materials, including fact sheets, tipsheets, and cheat sheets. These resources provide people with diabetes with the information they need to make informed decisions about their treatment and care. In addition, the DSMES toolkit includes a number of support…...

mla

ReferencesCDC. (n.d.). National standards for DSMES. Retrieved from   S. A. (2021). Training with a Lifestyle Modification Toolkit, a Practice Improvement Project (Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University).https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/dsmes-toolkit/standards/index.html Samuels,

A Concept Analysis in Behavior Management: Self-Management in Psych Nursing Introduction
In nursing, when it comes to behavior management—i.e., helping individuals to alter their behavior in order to achieve a positive aim—various strategies are available. One concept of behavior management that has been handed down over generations of nursing practice is the concept of self-management. This concept analysis paper will analyze self-management by describing a history of the concept, its defining characteristics and attributes, antecedents and consequences, various cases related to the concept, empirical measurements, and recommendations following a discussion of the analysis.
Aims and Purposes of Analysis
Aims
The aims of this analysis are:
1) to obtain better understanding of a concept;
2) to obtain clarity in terms of what the concept means and how it impacts an environment, a population, a sector, an industry or a strategy; and
3) to establish definition in terms of empirical evidence that can be used to develop evidence-based practice, which…...

Organizational Leaderships
Many corporations are progressively using teams in the realization of business goals because of the increased use of technology-enabled operations. Leading such groups can be particularly challenging, and much of the current literary works on team management does not translate directly to the context of leadership in virtual teams. ecent work on organizational teams indicates that, leadership in this electronic era, might be better considered as a combined effort shared among team associates recognized by the distribution and rotating of leadership positions. As such, current work on self-managed teams seems particularly significant. Associates taking liability for the quality of the work process and product as well as distributing management and leadership functions of the group characterize the self-managed work teams -- factors not unusual in virtual contexts of work where team associates and leaders are divided by time and place.

Within self-managed groups, often there is a dependency on the…...

mla

References

Blake, R. & Mouton, J. (1985). The Managerial Grid III: The Key to Leadership Excellence. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.

Buckingham, M. & Coffman, C. (1998). First, Break All the Rules. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Buckingham, M. & Clifton, D.O. (2001). Now, Discover Your Strengths. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Daft, R.L. (2011). Leadership (5th edition). Nashville, TN: Southwestern Cengage Learning.

Moreover, the strong correlation between confidence in peers and communication/problem understanding demonstrated that it is the confidence and ability of these co-workers that encourage members of self-managing teams to gather new information and knowledge, so that they may create useful decisions in relation to problem solving. Confidence in peers resulted in a negative, not positive, impact on organization and negotiation. This suggested that confidence in peers has a negative effect in the process of organizing the dissemination of knowledge in self-managing teams. Thus, it is imperative for team members to trust their peers and management and, in doing so, create and share new knowledge and further the organization's opportunity to offer best solutions to clients. Present research lacks the empirical evidence supporting the relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge acquisition. Especially, academicians and practitioners are interested in studying whether "interpersonal trust" advances the follower's knowledge acquisition practices -- knowledge sharing…...

mla

References

Abbott, J.B., Boyd, N.B, and Miles, G. (2006) Does Type of Team Matter? An Investigation of the Relationships Between Job Characteristics and Outcomes Within a Team-Based Environment. The Journal of Social Psychology

146(4) 485-507

Attaran, M. And Nguyen, N.U. (1999) Succeeding with self-managed work teams. CT Industrial Management. 41(4). 24-29

Brannick, M.T. And C. Prince. An overview of team performance measurement. In Team performance assessment and measurement-Theory, methods, and applications, ed. M. Brannick, E. Salas and C. Prince. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Brannick, M.T., E. Salas and C. Prince. 1997. Team performance assessment and measurement: Theory, methods, and applications. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Departments are interdependent and conflicts arise where solutions are needed promptly. The traditional hierarchy sometimes is not the best in offering solutions especially where time is of utmost importance. By using clear guidelines, self-management teams are given more freedom to come up with solution to their specific problems on their tasks (Beyerlein M., n, d). This reduces the time wasted whereby in a traditional model a manager would have to get all the details first and then choose the appropriate solution. Moreover, self-management team takes on the management of the work thereby removing the need for a manager or supervisor.
Self-management work teams reduce the reliance on individual's abilities and encourage learning from peers. This ensures there is free flow of information and skills are easily passed from colleague to colleague. Members are interdependent and are able to learn from each other, they are able to come up with better…...

mla

References

Ken Blanchard. "Go Team! Take your team to the Next Level." Berret-Koehler publishing Inc. San Fransisco, CA. 2005.

Pearce, J.H. II & Ravlin, E.C (1987). The design and activation of self-Regulating Work Groups. Human Relations, 40, pp. 751-782.

Beyerlein M., (Ed.), Advances in interdisciplinary studies of work teams., Vol. 1, Series of self-managed work teams. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press.

Managing Professionals in Virtual Environment
As technology has evolved, the reality of virtual organizations has begun to take hold in a variety of industries. It is now commonplace for employees to work, at least in part, from offsite. Telecommuting is a reality that has allowed companies to reduce costs, become more competitive, and facilitate happier more productive employees. Virtual employees, or "telework is one of the most radical departures from standard working conditions in the suite of flexible work practices now gaining widespread acceptance." (Daniels, Lamond, & Standen, 2001)

Managing Professionals in Virtual Environment

As technology has evolved, the reality of virtual organizations has begun to take hold in a variety of industries. It is now commonplace for employees to work, at least in part, from offsite. Telecommuting is a reality that has allowed companies to reduce costs, become more competitive, and facilitate happier more productive employees. Virtual employees, or "telework is one…...

mla

References

Allert, J.L. (2001, Mar.). You're hired, now go home. Training & Development, 55(3). Retrieved May 30, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.

Broadfoot, K.J. (2001, Aug.). When the cat's away, do the mice play? Management Communication Quarterly, 15(1). Retrieved May 30, 2004, from ProQuest database.

Cascio, W.F. (2000, Aug.). Managing a virtual workplace. Academy of Management Executive, 14(3). Retrieved May 30, 2004, from Business Source Premier database.

Conner, D.S. (2003, Mar.) Social comparison in virtual work environments: An examination of contemporary referent selection. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 76(1). Retrieved May 30, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.

Management
The Manager's Basic esponsibility

It has been said that the manager's most basic responsibility is to focus people toward performance of work activities to achieve desired outcomes. Is this a true statement? Certainly, it describes part of the manager's role and that part of the manager's role is a significant one. However, focusing people towards the performance of work activities is only part of the manager's role and may not be the most crucial part. A manager might have other responsibilities that are more basic and more essential to their role. At the same time, this description of the manager's role may actually undermine the manager's ability to perform their job effectively. These issues will now be considered further.

Management is defined as "the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organising, leading, and controlling organisational resources" (Daft 1997, p. 8). This definition includes four functions of…...

mla

References

Bruch, H & Ghoshal, S 2002, 'Beware the busy manager', Harvard Business Review, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 62-69.

Daft, R 1997, Management, The Dryden Press, Sydney.

Furedi, F 2005, 'Treat employees like adults', Harvard Business Review, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 22-23.

Mintzberg, N 1975, 'The manager's job: Folklore and fact', Harvard Business Review, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 49-61.

The vision Oracle has is one of unifying all of their enterprise applications into their Fusion architecture and creating a single unifying Service oriented Architecture (SOA) was first announced in 2006 (Krill, 13). Since that time Oracle has continually strived to create an SOA in Fusion that would appeal to its corporate customers. The proposed Fusion SOA platform has been designed to be robust and scalable enough to encompass enterprise-level applications including Enterprise esource Planning (EP) applications while also being flexible enough to provide for individualized application development. There are critics of SOA in general and Fusion specifically, with industry analysts considering it too difficult to create a process-centric model that allows for pervasive, in-depth applications necessary for mission-critical business while at the same time allowing for significant scalability (Handy, 2005). Despite these concerns however Fusion continues to gain market acceptance and provide Oracle with a path to the fulfillment…...

mla

References

Oracle

Alex Handy. 2005. Oracle Fusion: The 'Frankenstein' of SOA? Software Development Times, October 15, 6

Paul Krill. 2006. Oracle Does SOA. InfoWorld, August 14, 11-13

Security

One aspect of a goal attainment program researched within the content of an article by Ng & sang, is group therapy work, where individuals are offered the opportunity to self-reflect through the group process to help assimilate "normal" behaviors and reasonable goals into their own hoped for future.
raditional psychiatric rehabilitation programs focus on 'problems' and 'negatives' of individuals and tend to ignore strengths and assets (Hagedorn, 1992). Unlike the traditional approach, this program uses a holistic and client-centered approach (Rogers, 1984) which helps individuals establish future directions in home and work resettlement. he Goal Attainment Program focused on the participants' future expected life roles and social functioning in relation to the environmental context (i.e. their 'participation level', according to the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH-2) of the World Health Organization). he program emphasized the needs and positive aspects of individuals (Rogers, 1984), as well as the…...

mla

Traditional psychiatric rehabilitation programs focus on 'problems' and 'negatives' of individuals and tend to ignore strengths and assets (Hagedorn, 1992). Unlike the traditional approach, this program uses a holistic and client-centered approach (Rogers, 1984) which helps individuals establish future directions in home and work resettlement. The Goal Attainment Program focused on the participants' future expected life roles and social functioning in relation to the environmental context (i.e. their 'participation level', according to the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH-2) of the World Health Organization). The program emphasized the needs and positive aspects of individuals (Rogers, 1984), as well as the attainment of self-esteem in the self-actualization hierarchy (Maslow, 1970). The program is based on the belief that each individual has the potential to control his/her life and to choose what he/she wishes to become. With this belief, change can only take place when the individual finds the meaning in himself/herself. Positive change can occur throughout life. The role of therapist is to facilitate the willingness to change (Hagedorn, 1992). This study also used Frankl's (1946/1992) belief that the most basic human motivation is the will to meaning. (Ng & Tsang, 2002, p. 59)

Self-control and self-esteem cannot be learned in a vacuum, as individuals have little if any comparison models, which given them hope for their own future, if they are isolated from society. Group therapy settings can allow the individual to create a reasonable set of hopes that can build social health and help the individual learn how to develop coping skills for their positive, rather than negative future in the community where they live. Group therapy is an essential tool for this attainment, as the intense interaction within groups helps individuals see and feel what it might be like to confront the steps and stages of social growth while commiserating with others who have the same or similar obstacles, i.e. mental illness management, as they themselves have.

Managing Mental Illness: Variations of Group Therapies in the Literature