One criticism however is that while the information is informative, it is at times a bit too concise and inadequate in terms of the complexity and numerous variables related to self-esteem and self-image issues. The article also deals with important aspects such as the way that beliefs and patterns of thought can create low self-esteem. The most positive and enlightening aspect of the article is the attention that is given to various ways of improving self-esteem. This also refers to an interesting technique known as "Thought Stopping," which is a conscious process of curtailing negative thoughts which tend to increase feelings of low self-esteem. Overall this is an impressive site and provides some topical and interesting information.
4. Nelson, M.H. (1994). The Self in the System: A Revision of the Three R's in Response to Relevant Research. Education, 114(3), 384+.

A central issue in the literature on self-esteem and self-image is…...

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Bibliography

Baldwin, S.A., & Hoffmann, J.P. (2002). The Dynamics of Self-Esteem: A

Growth-Curve Analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(2), 101+.

Halliday, N. (1999). Developing Self-Esteem through Challenge Education

Experiences. JOPERD -- The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 70(6), 51+.

Figure 1

rand Identity Levers

Source: Saviolio, 2006

rand identity levers include those as follows:

(1) stylistic identity; and (2) Visual Identity. (Saviolio, 2006)

III. Methodology

The methodology employed in this study is qualitative in nature and in the form of a literature review conducted through a thorough research in this area of study via the World Wide Web and specifically the literature found in books or journals.

IV. Value of Research

The research reported herein this document is of the nature that has been located in online journals or books and which has been reported in research studies which render empirical findings in this area of study.

V. Limitations

The limitations in this study include the limitations represented by time available to conduct the research.

VI. Recommendations

Arising from the research reported in this work in writing is a recommendation for further and additional research in this are of study.

ibliography

Landon, E.L. Kjr. (1974) Self-Concept, Ideal Self-Concept, and Consumer Purchase Intention. The…...

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Bibliography

Landon, E.L. Kjr. (1974) Self-Concept, Ideal Self-Concept, and Consumer Purchase Intention. The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Sep., 1974), pp. 44-51

Online available at:  http://www.jstor.org/pss/2489106 

Stegemann, Nicole (2006) Unique Brand Extension Challenges for Luxury Brands. Journal of Business & Economics Research. Vol.4, No.10, Journal of Business and Economics Research October 2006. Online available at: http://www.cluteinstitute-onlinejournals.com/PDFs/2006401.pdf

Barnier, Virginie and Rodina, Irina (2006) Which Luxury Perceptions Affect Most Consumer Purchase Behavior? A Cross-Cultural Exploratory Study in France, the United Kingdom and Russia. Pierre Valette-Florence, University Pierre Mendes-France of Grenoble. Online available at: http://www.escp-eap.net/conferences/marketing/2006_cp/Materiali/Paper/Fr/DeBarnier_Rodina_ValetteFlorence.pdf

Consumer ehavior: Self-Image Congruence Affects Luxury Goods Retail
The concept of luxury has been present in the society in various forms since the beginning of civilization. With very clear differences between the social classes back in the day, the consumption of goods categorized as luxury items were restricted to the elite classes. This also defines the underlying thought behind luxury goods; whatever the poor couldn't afford to have while the elite could, came to be identified as luxury. The word luxury is derived from the Latin term "luxus" meaning, "soft or extravagant living, indulgence, sumptuousness or opulence" (Anon., n.d.). Nevertheless, luxury is quite a slippery term to define because of the strong involvement of human element and the value recognition from others.

A luxury good, is basically any good that is expensive and pleasant to own, but not necessarily required for daily routine and can be lived without (Anon., n.d.). They are…...

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Bibliography

Aaker, D., 1996. Building strong brands. New York, NY: Free Press.

Anon., n.d. Cambridge Dictionaries Online. [Online]

Available at:   [Accessed 2012].http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/luxury-goods 

Anon., n.d. EconGuru. [Online]

Adolescent Self-Esteem
How do adolescents build self-concept and identity?

During the adolescent period in an individual's life, he/she is in a constant search for identity, according to Professor David D. itt, University of Akron. The formation of one's identity is the "main development task in adolescence," and the importance of developing a positive self-image in adolescence is that it is "the single motivating force in life" (itt, 2008). Self-image is what makes an adolescent either passive, or active, and whether an adolescent achieves an active personality depends on intelligence, experiences, and "…the quality of [the adolescent's] social network (itt, p. 2).

The reality vis-a-vis adolescence is that it is a "major drama" that plays out "on center stage" -- and is, objectively speaking, a "fascinating transitional period" that features the development of new cognitive competencies and emerging societal "expectations" (itt, p. 2) But on the other hand, how does an adolescent build a…...

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Works Cited

Brinthaupt, T.M., and Lipka, R.P. (2002). Understanding Early Adolescent Self and Identity:

Applications and Interventions. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Huang, J.S., Norman, G.J., Zabinski, M.F., Calfas, K., and Patrick, K. (2007). Body Image and Self-Esteem among Adolescents undergoing an Intervention Targeting Dietary and Physical

Activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(3), 245-251.

Surprisingly, BDD, which is often a precursor to or comorbid symptom of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, is nearly as common among young men as women. This indicates that the onslaught and idolization of media images of "gorgeous" men in America is also having a negative effect on boys' sexual self-images. (da Costa, Nelson, udes, & Guterman, 2007)
Narrowing the focus down to American women and their obsession with breast size still yields significant startling data about damaged sexual self-images. ecent surveys indicate that nearly half of women would change their breast size if they could (Goodman & Walsh-Childers, 2004). Not surprisingly, 91% of women who choose to undergo breast augmentation surgery say their primary motivation is an improved self-image. Additionally, surveys reveal that 43% of women with poor sexual self-images compare themselves regularly with magazine models, and 47% of these women are preoccupied with studying those…...

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References

Adams, K. (2009). Modernization and Dangerous Women in Japan. The Journal of Psychohistory, 33+.

Clammer, J. (2004). Working out in Japan: Shaping the Female Body in Tokyo Fitness Clubs. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 955+.

da Costa, D., Nelson, T., Rudes, J., & Guterman, J. (2007). A Narrative Approach to Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 67+.

Goodman, J.R., & Walsh-Childers, K. (2004). Sculpting the Female Breast: How College Women Negotiate the Media's Ideal Breast Image. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 657+.

Brainstorming Sports and IdentityThe purpose of this paper is to brainstorm three branches of thoughts related to the topic of sports, positive identity, and black socialization. The first section describes the umbrella thoughts, i.e., the thoughts that contain the overall subject, including the quasi-independent variable. The second section describes the big thoughts and logically explains the relationship between the quasi-independent variable and the research question. The third section describes the little thoughts by defining the quasi-dependent variable from the research question. The fourth section identifies interest thoughts by describing the possible connection between the quasi-independent variable and the quasi-dependent variable. The research question for this paper is: Do children who participate in Black sports teams throughout childhood develop positive identity?Umbrella ThoughtsThe quasi-independent variable is the Black cultural experience of participating on a Black sports team. The dimension from Boykin and Toms (1985) to which this variable is related is the…...

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References

Alston, D. N., & Williams, N. (1982). Relationship between father absence and self-concept of Black adolescent boys. The Journal of Negro Education, 51(2), 134-138.

Boykin, A. W. & Toms, F. D. (1985). Black child socialization. In. H. McAdoo & J. McAdoo (Eds.), Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments (pp. 33-51). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Slaughter Defoe, D. T., Nakagawa, K., Takanishi, R., & Johnson, D. J. (1990). Toward cultural/ecological perspectives on schooling and achievement in African?and Asian?American children. Child development, 61(2), 363-383.

Steinberg, L. (2010). Adolescence. (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill

Latinx Women Reclaiming Their Bodies and Self-LoveAccording to Stokes, Clemens, & Rios (2016), historically Latinx women have been assumed to embrace a more positive body shape and image than their Caucasian counterparts. Much like African American culture, Latino culture has been thought to be more accepting of a fuller, more voluptuous figure. However, this acceptance may have been overstated and does not fully embrace the complexities of how Latinx women relate to their bodies.Other studies have linked media images which depict a discrepancy between body image and actual experience of the self (such as models with a substantially lower BMI than the average American woman) as a source of low self-esteem (Stokers, et al., 2016). Higher rates of media consumption are associated with higher rates of body dissatisfaction in Latinx women. Moreover, internalization was associated positively with social comparison, and social comparison was associated positively with body dissatisfaction and drive…...

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References

Reichard, R. (2015). 5 Latina activists on why they fight for body image acceptance. Cosmopolitan. Retrieved from:  https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a39725/latina-body-image-activists/ 

Stokes, D. Milton; Clemens, Christopher F.; and Rios, Diana I. (2016). Brown beauty: Body image, Latinas, and the media. Journal of Family Strengths, 16(1). Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&context=jfs

Although I would certainly want to address all the principles of communication to improve interpersonal relationships, one principle of communication that I can work on immediately is practicing. “Interpersonal communication is a lifelong study that requires ongoing practice for everyone,” (p. ). No one is perfect, and each person has unique styles of communication that either corresponds with their personality traits or their upbringing. Also, learning about communication helps us respond or adapt better to different types of situational variables.Every day, there is something I can do to improve communication. One is to become more self-aware, and more aware of my emotional states. Most communications problems arise when emotions get in the way or rational thought and cause misunderstandings. When I learn to listen to my own emotions, I can become a better listener in social situations. Learning how to become more self-aware and emotionally intelligent involves mindfulness, such as…...

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References“Chapter One: Introduction to Interpersonal Communication.”“Chapter Two: Interpersonal Communication Begins With the Self.”

Self-Images in Baroque Art
'Baroque' is a word that is employed to describe 17th- and early 18th- century European art. The art form signified a shift from Renaissance art's classism and linearity (though a few artists from that period carried on with creating artworks in the older style). Baroque was also characterized by a shift towards drama, motion, theatricality, unpredictability, and impulse. This style thrived in many areas of the European continent including Italy, Spain, Flanders, and the Netherlands, and was marked by some common elements despite the existence of major distinctions between regions and artists. Baroque sculptures and paintings were structured around unpredictable diagonal lines, instead of the traditional pyramid or triangle.[footnoteRef:1] Self-portraits grew into a progressively ambitious form that took the aspects of self-awareness and self-promotion to new heights.[footnoteRef:2] In this paper, three Baroque self-images will be discussed, namely, Rembrandt, 1660; Salvatore Rosa, 1647; and Anthony van Dyck, 1620-21.…...

' A cognitive behavioral therapist might ask, what will harming yourself do to improve your grades on the test? Cognitive therapies in general have been shown to be more effective than traditional supportive talk therapies when treating anxiety conditions because they offer concrete steps for self-improvement on a continuing basis (Reeves 2003, p1.). Patients are also asked to identify things they would like to do in which current behavior patterns prevent them from engaging, such as wearing short-sleeved shirts.
Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy shows a higher success rate in anxiety disorders and OCD than traditional psychotherapy, likely because of its behavioral component. The fact that many DSH patients are diagnosed with BPD may complicate treatment, but BPT responds well in some instances to these therapies, too. BPT patients manifest disordered patterns of relationships, thinking, behavior, and coping mechanisms that contribute to unstable life patterns as well as contribute to the kind…...

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Works Cited

Bland, Ann R., Georgina Tudor & Deborah McNeil Whitehouse (2007, October). Nursing care of inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.

Retrieved from FindArticles.com on February 16, 2009  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_200710/ai_n21099913?tag=content;col1 

Mangnall, Jacqueline & Eleanor Yurkovich. (2008). A literature review of deliberate self-harm.

Each outside label has an affect on that individuals own conception of them, effectively rising or lowering self-image. These categories allow individuals of the same label to sometimes band together in order to further develop their own unique identities away from the labeling and discrimination from the larger group who may view them as abnormal, (Oxoby & McLeish, 2007: 13). Once inside a more specific group, these individuals have the capacity to flourish, and gain more and more self-esteem, (Handler, 1991: 223). However, when placed outside of these smaller groups into the larger population, this identity is once again viewed in a discriminatory manner, (Taylor & Moghaddam, 1994: 134). This occurs mainly due to the xenophobia each group portrays towards other groups, which then creates a hostile environment for the establishment of strong individual identities.
One way to examine the formations of deaf and queer identities using the Social Identity…...

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References

Adam, B. 2000. "Love and Sex in Constructing Identity Among Men Who Have Sex

With Men." International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies 5(4).

Barry, P. (2002). Lesbian and gay criticism. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Bourdieu, P. & Passeron, J.-C. (1977) Reproduction in Education, Culture and Society,

Image chronicles the history of the United States and the Philippines over several hundred years of modern history. Karnow's main argument about the relationship between the new nation is that the United States had an empire over this far-off but ostensibly independent country that "dare not speak its name." Over the course of the book, Karnow paints a convincing portrait of a nation colonized. Karnow suggests that what was particularly damaging about the de facto (if not de jure) American empire in the Philippines was that America's self-image is that it is a democratic, non-empirical country. By engaging in the sort of relationship America had with the Philippines, America betrayed its most fundamental principles as a nation as well as engaged in exploitation. Because America did not perceive itself as a nation capable of exploiting other nations like its parent country England, it could not even acknowledge the abuses…...

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Works Cited

Greenberger, Allen J. "Imperialism." World Book Online Americas Edition. November 18, 2002.http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar273460.htm.

Karnow, Stanley. In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines. New York: Random House, 1989.

Stanley Karnow, In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines, New York: Random House, 1989, "Introduction."

Ibid, Chapter 1.

711).
It therefore follows that if a young woman has a poor sense of self-esteem as a result of prescribed ideals about body image, then this will also affect self-representation and even behavior patterns; for example, the woman may react negatively in an attempt to meet social norms about self-image and become Anorexic.

However, the literature also makes a clear distinction between personal self-image and esteem and group esteem and expectations. One would expect that groups that are discriminated against in society would have low level of self-esteem. This is not always the case. In fact as a study by Verkuyten ( 1989) shows, high levels of personal self-esteem may result in groups that have a low social level of esteem and acceptance. "The presumption of lower self-esteem among minority youth, given their confrontation with discrimination, disregards the perspectives of minorities themselves" (Verkuyten, 1998, p. 479). This refers to "The question…...

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References

Bornman, E. (1999). Self-Image and Ethnic Identification in South Africa. Journal of Social Psychology, 139(4), pp.411-425

Fiske S.T. (2004) Social Beings. Ho Boken, NJ: Wiley.

Klein, H.A. (1995). Self-Perception in Late Adolescence: An Interactive Perspective. Adolescence, 30(119), 579+.

Monteath, S.A., & McCabe, M.P. (1997). The Influence of Societal Factors on Female Body Image. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(6), pp. 708-727. Retrieved June 21, 2009, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=97807666

Gang ecruitment
Self-Worth and the Need to Belong

Juvenile Delinquency Paper

The self-help author Wayne Dyer once wrote that, "Self-worth comes from one thing…thinking that you are worthy." This quote captures the functional role of gangs: they exist because they serve a purpose. Gangs are attractive to recruits because they promise a variety of benefits. Though many members reap material benefits from joining, it is the psychological benefits which play a critical role in the decision to join a gang, particularly as it relates to self-worth and the need to belong. While some gang members often portray themselves with great machismo, think highly of themselves and are proud of what they have become, the majority of youths who join gangs suffer from a negative self-image (Miller, 2001). Opportunities to feel good about themselves in their family or at school are few and far between. Yablonsky (1997) tells us "The gangsters' personality problems of…...

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References:

Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York, NY: Harper and Row.

Miller, J., Maxson, C., Klein, M. (2001). The Modern Gang Reader. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Co.

Sanchez-Jankowski, M.S. (1991). Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Shelden, R., Tracy, S., Brown, W. (1997). Youth Gangs in American Society. Ann Arbor, MI: Wadsworth Publishers.

Hamlet, however, is full of hesitation. He does not experience the type of confidence Antigone does and suffers because of it. These characters are not abnormal; they are exaggerated or comical in a way audiences cannot relate to them. They are uniquely human and that is why they are still popular today -- because they are real enough that audience members feel as though they have known these types of personalities before. Through these characters, the playwrights show the audience how important it is to be true to self above all else. From Creon, who loses his sense of self when he sells out to power to Hamlet, who loses his sense of self when he falls into depression, to Antigone, who gladly gives her life for what she believes, we see the power of the sense of self and the importance of how it should be respected.
ork Cited

Blits,…...

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Work Cited

Blits, Jan. Introduction to Deadly Thought: 'Hamlet' and the Human Soul, pp. 3-21. Lanham:

Lexington Books, 2001. Information Retrieved July 01, 2010.

Sophocles. Antigone. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus and Colonus.

Robert Fagles, trans. New York: Penguin Books. 1980.