On Earth, volcanic eruptions trigger the carbon cycle that accounts for the eventual concentration of calcium carbonate wherever water once existed. On Mars, the absence of calcium carbonate and, even more importantly, the presence of jarosite suggests that the element sulfur may have played a comparable role to that of carbon on Earth. Specifically, Martian volcanoes apparently ejected vast quantities of sulfur dioxide (instead of carbon dioxide released in volcanoes on this planet) where it was eventually dissolved in Martian oceans to form silicates and sulfites including calcium sulfite. At the same time, the presence of calcium sulfite would also have inhibited the formation of carbonates like limestone.

Additionally, this recent observation also offers a logical explanation for how a planet like Mars which is presently far too cold to support liquid water could ever have been warm enough to do so. That answer derives from the fact that just like…...

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References

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2007, December 27). How Mars Could Have Been Warm and Wet but Limestone Free. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 19, 2008, at  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071221130045.htm

scientist cannot simply do "pure" research, because in almost all branches of science, there is no such thing. Science is embedded in our society, and when science is applied, it has repercussions that are broad-reaching, whether it is the discovery and application of a new drug, a new material, or a new type of computer or diagnostic tool. Therefore, scientists must understand the culture in which they are working, and advocate for the support of their research as well as its ethical application.
A case in point is genetic anthropology, a field of research that uses the human genome to trace our origins on this planet and also to understand the differences between groups of people. Subtle but consistent differences in our genome may lead to a deeper understanding not only of our origins and the way we spread out on this planet, but of genetic vulnerabilities to certain illnesses…...

War is, scientists are discovering, not inevitable based on primate social behavior and aggression. Interestingly, research suggests that aggression may cause elevated levels of testosterone, not the other way around. Moreover, aggression is hard-wired and inevitable but so too are traits related to cooperation and conflict resolution. esearch among primate populations shows the remarkable capacity for primates to act and live peacefully with each other.
However, not all environmental conditions are conducive to peace. Note researchers, competition for resources is one of the main factors that engenders warfare and aggression. Interdependence is another key factor that can cause peace. When neighboring bands of primates interact with, socialize with, and cooperate with each other they tend to be more peaceful. The same is true for human societies.

esearch on primates can easily be applied to the human world. In regions of the globe besieged by inequality, including parts of the United States,…...

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References

Horgan, John. Has Science Found a Way to End All Wars? Discover. March 13, 2008. Retrieved Oct 8, 2008 from  http://discovermagazine.com/2008/apr/13-science-says-war-is-over-now/article_view-b_start:int=3&-C= 

Wade, Nicholas. Scientist Finds the Beginnings of Morality in Primate Behavior. New York Times. March 20, 2007. Retrieved Oct 7, 2008 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/science/20moral.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&sq=primates&st=cse&scp=4

scientist: illiam Shockley
ithout a man whom you have probably never heard of, writing this report on a computer would not be possible. The name of illiam Shockley is not as famous as the names of Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, or even the founders of Google. But Shockley is one of the inventors of the transistor, and without the transistor, most of the technology we take for granted today would not exist. Before transistors, vacuum tubes were used as the main form of communications technology. Vacuum tubes "could amplify signals…on telephone lines as they were transferred across the country from one switch box to another…It allowed the signal to be amplified regularly along the line, meaning that a telephone conversation could go on across any distance as long as there were amplifiers along the way" ("Transistorized," PBS, 1999). But "it wasn't a very efficient technology, and [it] required a lot…...

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Works Cited

Bellis, Mary "William Shockley." About.com. [23 Dec 2012]

http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventors/p/William_Shockley.htm

Gaudin, Shannon. "The transistor: The Most important invention of the 20th century."

Computer World. 2007.  http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9052781/The_transistor_The_most_important_invention_of_the_20th_century_?taxonomyId=162&pageNumber=2

Popcorn - Purdue University Research
Popcorn comes close to being one of nature's most perfect foods. Not only does it taste good, but it is also a whole grain with high nutritional value, making it one of the few snacks that is actually good for you. And, popcorn is a great substitute for bread because its carbohydrates are easily digestible and provide energy to help metabolize fats. However, popcorn has one minor drawback. Old maids, kernels that remain at the bottom of the kettle that do not pop, can get stuck in the throat and damage fillings in teeth when consumed accidentally. The percentage of unpopped kernels is no small problem and ranges from at little as four percent in premium brands to as much as forty-seven percent in cheaper brands. ut, soon, according to a recent CNN article, even this one remaining objection may go away if manufacturers take advantage…...

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Bibliography

About Popcorn." Available:

(Accessed 24 Apr. 2005).http://www.pcs-chromex.com/popcorn/aboutus.html

Scientists Solve Unpopped Popcorn." CNN 22 Apr. 2005. Available:

24 Apr. 2005).http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/04/21/popcorn.secret.ap/(Accessed

scientist's need to acquire knowledge trumped the patient's or research subject's rights to autonomy and other, personal individualistic rights. The affirmative side advocated a utilitarian approach to ethics. Utilitarianism deems that when there is a conflict between the rights of one group and those of another, the decision-making prioritization should favor the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The affirmative stated that when conducting medical research, the emphasis from a utilitarian perspective should be on the potential knowledge that can be gained from the research that can help future generations, rather than specifically how the research can benefit the research subjects. This means that some forms of deception regarding the purpose of the research derived from the study is ethically acceptable.
The negative side of the debate invoked a deontological ethical argument, pointing out that informed consent is a widely-accepted medical principle as defined in the Code of…...

S. hurricane season may be greater than average this year, with a higher probability of at least one hurricane touching land.
It is also interesting to note that Klotzbach and Gray have altered the model and predictors used to predict the upcoming hurricane season, and the 2007 season was the first season predicted using this new model. The model uses temperature, atmospheric, and other weather data from the North Atlantic, Extreme North Atlantic, and the Subtropical Northeast Pacific regions to predict what will happen during the upcoming hurricane season, and using this data to predict prior years information has been very accurate (Klotzbach and Gray 12-15). Thus, the new prediction for the upcoming hurricane season may be one of the most accurate to date.

In conclusion, it is clear that predicting hurricanes is a science, and that it is also extremely difficult to forecast hurricanes totally correctly throughout the hurricane season. There…...

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References

Editors. "Forecast Process." National Hurricane Center. 2008. 29 March 2008.  http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/forecast_process.shtml 

Editors. "Hurricane Models." National Hurricane Center. 2008. 29 March 2008.  http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/basics/models.shtml 

Editors. "Observations." National Hurricane Center. 2008. 29 March 2008.  http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/forecast/observations.shtml 

Klotzbach, Philip J. And Gray, William M. "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2008." 2007. 29 March 2008.  http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2007/dec2007/dec2007.pdf

Herceptin
The author of this report has been asked to assess the story and intrigue of the development of the breast cancer drug Herceptin. Indeed, there are many important advances that occur due to the efforts and travails of scientists and other medical professionals. The author of this report has been asked to identify the five key forces that influenced the discovery, development and promotion of the drug in question. For each factor identified, there will be a description of whether the force helped or hindered the development of the drug. While there are challenges with all drugs in terms of funding, potential lawsuits and other setbacks, Herceptin was and is indeed a success story despite what challenges are faced with the development of every drug.

Analysis

One force that worked both for and against Herceptin are the expectations when it comes to new drugs to fight cancers including breast cancer. Indeed, there…...

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References

Delaney, P. (1999). HER-2: The Making of Herceptin, a Revolutionary Treatment for Breast Cancer. JNCI Journal Of The National Cancer Institute, 91(15), 1329-1330.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/91.15.1329 

Hazell, S. (2016). Counting copies: HER2 and the development of Herceptin. Cancer Research UK - Science blog. Retrieved 12 January 2016, from  http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2013/09/20/counting-copies-her2-and-the-development-of-herceptin/

S. needs to have companies continually challenging them on all sides to force greater economic and technological growth. Constraining competition hurts innovation, fostering and nurturing it, makes innovation flourish [5]. The scientist and engineer plays a critically important role in the overall ecosystem of technological and economic change as a result, driving existing companies who are lethargic and complacent out of business with disruptive innovation, while challenging existing companies to continually improve. All of these dynamics and innovations revolve around adding a continually higher level of value to the consumer, enriching their experience and their value obtained.
Within the next five years, each of us will most likely have a smart phone that has an order of magnitude more computing power than the most powerful laptop or desktop PC today. These smartphones will be able to instantly drill down into contextual data no matter where we are globally, providing immediate insight…...

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References

[1] M. Baldauf, S. Dustdar, and F. Rosenberg. A survey on context-aware systems. University of Dusseldorf, GR 2003.

[2] T. Broens. Context-aware, ontology-based, semantic service discovery, masters thesis, university of twente, enschede, the netherlands, 2004.

[3] P. Korpipaa, J. Mantyjarvi, J. Kela, H. Keranen, and E.-J. Malm. Managing context information in mobile devices. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 02(3):42 -- 51, 2003.

[4] S.B. Mokhtar, D. Fournier, N. Georgantas, and V. Issarny. Context-aware service composition in pervasive computing environments. In N. Guelfi and a. Savidis, editors, RISE, volume 3943 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 129 -- 144. Springer, 2005.

Even if the initial consequences seem morally ambiguous in experiments like the one described in Flowers for Algernon, it would be foolish to assume that scientists should simply stop working. Scientific inquiry and experimentation do leave unfortunate casualties in their wake, but those setbacks seem small compared with the tremendous benefits that science also provides. Without experimentation and the willingness to play god every day, scientists would be unable to develop new tools and technologies that help eliminate disease and suffering.

Playing god is a natural expression of the divine spark in all human beings. The most astute and creative people on the planet play god. Artists and musicians play god, even if their work does not please every viewer or listener. The job of the artist or scientist is not to please people, but to use the gifts given to them by the creator to make the world a better…...

R&D
The scientist is mistaken in this regard. Protocol, from a business standpoint is appropriate considering the rapid expansion of technology and product features. First, new products management have a better grasp on the needs of the customer. Through personal interviews, surveys, and other information gathering methods, a new products manager can better ascertain customer driven solutions. In contrast, R&D may falter as they may be out of touch with the voice of the customer in regards to product specifications. For example, R&D may design a premium product, with multiple features, but it may not be adequate for the particular target markets usage needs. By ascertaining the voice of the customer, product manger can act swiftly and efficiently to develop better products to suit proper specifications.

Great efficiency towards product development is extremely helpful in the rapidly changing environment of today. The nature of the business cycle is that some products will…...

scientist' is but a simple word, unless mad is attached to it. When I hear someone say 'scientist' I think of mad scientists and they are never more than crazy villains set on destroying the world. There is a reason why science and through extension scientist is regarded by many as a subject leaning towards darkness and chaos. People in the past associated science and scientific breakthroughs with magic, witchcraft, and set out on mad pitchfork holding crusades in order to thwart the maladies supposedly brought on by science. While my opinion of a scientist is that of an innovator and of a person meant to bring forth an advancement or direct evolution, I cannot help but imagine all the times mad scientist or even simply scientist has led to the creation of some of the dastardliest villains in literature as well as some of its heroes and that…...

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References

Blum, D. (2011). Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. Basic Books.

Plitnick, L. & Herzyk, D. (2013). Nonclinical development of novel biologics, biosimilars, vaccines and specialty biologics. Academic Press.

Stevenson, R. (2001). The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and other stories. New York: Scholastic Book Services.

cientist
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

This is a paper that outlines the case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide as a cautionary tale. It has 6 sources.

Novels or films often have several themes running simultaneously together, and authors or directors often highlight more than one theme so that they can portray a maximum amount of their thoughts to the reader. There are certain writers who portray these themes in almost all their novels, and thus earn a reputation for using them. The introduction and use of a theme often depends on the experiences of these people and their ability to put these experiences into words. In putting some of these themes into words, addition of other themes is often unavoidable (Nabokov, pp184).

The type of character that we may possess governs the decisions we take. These are decisions that one takes consciously and are aware of repercussions of them. In taking…...

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Sources:

Halberst, Judith. An Introduction to Gothic Monstrosity. Pp. 130.

Nabokov, Vladimir. A Phenomenon of Style. Pp. 184.

King, Charles. Themes and Variations. Pp. 158

Movie Review of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide [1931] at  http://www.mrqe.com/lookup-DR.+JEKYLL+AND+MR.+HYDE

Alien Life on Earth
Scientists believe that all known life forms descended from a single common ancestor, a microbe that lived approximately 3.5 -- 3.8 billion years ago. Their belief is based on an understanding that all life forms have liquid water as their foundation, and they contain the same "building blocks" (Toomey 26). Researchers in the new field of synthetic biology have raised questions about another kind of living organism, independent of the building blocks already understood and unrelated to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) from which all known life forms came. It is an intriguing idea that is attracting more interest as scientists continue to find evidence of this alien, or "weird" life on earth. The weird life is said to inhabit what is called the shadow biosphere.

Because little is known about weird life, scientists are considering myriad possibilities. The basic molecule might be other than DNA,…...

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Works Cited

Cockell, Charles."How the Search for Aliens Can Help Sustain Life on Earth." CNN. Cable News Network, 04 Oct. 2012. Web. 06 May 2013. .

Grant, Andrew. "Life Could Survive on Earth-Sized Moons of Gas Giant Exoplanets." Science News 183.3 (2013): 5-6. Web. 6 May 2013.

McKie, Robin. "Life on Earth... But Not as We Know It." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 13 Apr. 2013. Web. 06 May 2013. .

Toomey, David. "Alien Life on Earth." Discover 34.2 (2013): 26-27. Web. 6 May 2013.

It helped lead to more accurate readings of inanimate objects like rocks, too, which helped scientists narrow down the age of the Earth and how it has evolved through time.
Macdougall uses many differing sources for his book, as his "notes and further reading" section indicates. He uses books, journal articles, essays, and scientific data, and offers some of that data up in Appendixes in the back of the book. It is quite clear he is an expert in his subject. What is more important, however, is that he has the ability to make what could have been a very dry and dull subject very readable. He opens the book with the story of Oetzi, the Alpine Iceman, a fascinating look into the very heart of the book's thesis, and he grabs the reader's attention right away with this interesting story of a man who is probably at least 4,000…...

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References

Macdougall, Doug. Nature's Clocks: How Scientists Measure the Age of Almost Everything. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2008.

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One of the difficulties about writing a summary of any of the vaccines for the novel Coronavirus that is known as COVID-19 is that much of the information remains unknown.  In addition, because the vaccines created by Pfizer and Moderna are both mRNA vaccines, which are not a familiar type of vaccine, they create some additional questions.  How long will the vaccines be effective?  Are they safe?  Will they work to prevent infection by the newer strands of COVID-19?  Do they change your DNA as some people on the internet are suggesting? ....

A literature review is a particular type of academic assignment. You need to find relevant literature for your topic, summarize it, and analyze it. Since your topic is deforestation, you want to search for literature on that topic for your literature review. However, you want to make sure you choose suitable types of literature. For an academic paper, that means focusing on peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and other scholarly works.

First, think about your central question. The query appears to concern the tipping point, where deforestation will have irreversible environmental consequences. In fact, deforestation....

Thesis Statement: The Founding Fathers of the United States were a remarkable group of individuals who, despite their diverse backgrounds and often conflicting views, came together to create a new nation based on the principles of liberty, equality, and self-government. Their vision and determination laid the foundation for a vibrant and enduring democracy that has served as a model for countless nations around the world.

Introduction:

The Founding Fathers of the United States were a diverse group of individuals who came from different backgrounds, had different experiences, and held different beliefs. However, they shared a common goal: to create a new nation....