Scientific Method
Scenario 1: You come home after a long day at work and you flip on the light switch and nothing happens; light does not come on. Now what?

Miriam ebster's dictionary defines the scientific method as all of the "principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses."

Ask a Question

Asking questions is an extremely important part of the scientific method and of scientific experimenting. It is actually perhaps the most important part of scientific research because everything else that is done is based on the question that is asked at the beginning of an investigation. All of the other components of the project will be to answer the question posed. Scientists have stated that "almost all scientific inquiry begins with an observation that piques curiosity or raises…...

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Works Cited:

Harris, W. (2012). How the scientific method works. Retrieved from  http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/scientific-method.htm 

Helmenstine, A. (2012). Scientific method steps: learn the steps of the scientific method.

Merriam-Webster, W. (2011). Merriam-webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/scientific method

cientific Method and Climate Change
One of the predominant changes occurring in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has been the manner in which economic, political and cultural movements have evolved to bring the world closer. This paradigm, globalism, tells us that a number of actions in modern life are connected, regardless of the political unit or geographic location of a country. Globalism shows us, however, that there have been a number of trends occurring over the last century, at least, that involve the manner in which industrial activities in one region have a negative effect on other regions -- sometimes globally (peth, ed., 2003).

How is it, though, that we can formulate both an argument or a way to validate claims made about global environmental issues? Of course, all research actions begin with a question since research is the process of answering unknowns. For research to be valid across all…...

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Sources

Brahic, C. (October 12, 2007). "Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth: unscientific?" The

New Scientist. Cited in:  http://www.newscientist.com/blog/environment/2007/10/al-gores-inconvenient-truth.html 

Burroughs, William (2007), Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach,

New York: Cambridge University Press.

Scientific method is a procedure that was developed over centuries to organize the steps in the procedures of scientific investigations. These steps were designed so that the results gathered by scientists would be considered to be verifiable and repeatable, and therefore correct. By using the scientific method, scientists use observations and hypothesis, in order to predict the outcome of an experiment, then conduct that experiment and draw conclusions from the observations of the experiment. ("Understanding and Using the Scientific Method") In other words, the scientific method observes something and formulates a problem associated with it, hypothesizes about it, tests that hypothesis through study and experimentation, observes the results of the experiment, and analyzes and draws conclusions from those experimental results. ("Gould, 2002, p. 52") The scientific method is not only useful for scientists and laboratories but something that can be applied to everyday situations.
In a situation where I arrive home…...

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References

"Coronary Heart Disease" U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004449/ 

Gould, Jay. (2002). Concise Handbook of Experimental Methods for the Behavior and Biological Sciences. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Print.

"News About Cars, Oil, and our Environment." Retrieved from  http://www.hybridcars.com/oil-environment 

Rosenstiel, Tom, et.al. (2007). We Interrupt This Newscast New York: Cambridge UP.

Scientific method is a systematic method of testing hypotheses in research. The four steps are as follows: Step 1: "Observation and description of a phenomenon or group of phenomena" (Introduction to the scientific method, 2012, University of ochester). The scientific method begins with existing research, and builds upon the research of other individuals in the field and/or observation of a particular phenomenon. Step 2: " formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomena" (Introduction to the scientific method, 2012, University of ochester). The hypothesis is what is tested over the course of the experiment. It is specific, and not merely descriptive and is limited enough so that other variables that could cause the phenomenon can be eliminated. Step 3: "use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations" (Introduction to the scientific method, 2012, University of ochester). Step 4:…...

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References

Healey, Melissa. (2012). Exercise benefits black girls less than whites. LA Times. Retrieved:

 http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/05/science/la-sci-exercise-obesity-link-20120605 

Introduction to the scientific method. (2012). University of Rochester. Retrieved:

http://teacher.nsrl.rochester.edu/phy_labs/AppendixE/AppendixE.html

Scientific Method
The objective of this study is to examine the 'scientific method' of research. Towards this end, this study will examine the literature in this area of inquiry.

The scientific method of research involves specific steps including those of: (1) defining the question of research; (2) location of resources and gathering of information; (3) formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses; (4) planning of research collection methods; (5) collection of data; (6) organization of data and analysis of data; (7) interpretation of data and drawing of conclusions; and (8) communication of the results of the research. (National Science Foundation Project, nd, p.1)

Defining the Question

This step involves narrowing down the potential topics and making a choice about the questions that are the focus of the research. The question must be a specific question and more information will have to be gathered prior to settling on the final question of research. Questions one should…...

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Bibliography

Scientific Method Research: Limitations with People (2012) Research Assessment Adviser. Retrieved from: http://www.research-assessment-adviser.com/scientificmethodresearch.html

Scientific Method: A Guide to Basic Steps of Science (2012) Experiment Resources. Retrieved from:  http://www.experiment-resources.com/ 

The Scientific Method: A Model for Conducting Scientific Research (nd) National Science Foundation Project. Retrieved from: http://depts.washington.edu/rural/RURAL/design/scimethod.html

Lighting periods and cycles should also remain identical for all plants. Results would be measured in weekly or bi-weekly intervals (depending on the growth rate of the plant used) by a leaf count according to hemispheric position -- that is, the plant would be "divided" into two halves, the one facing the light source and the one facing away, and the leaves per half would be counted -- as well as a measurement of the angle of growth as it deviates from the center of the compartment (plants would need to be centered in the soil for this measurement to be accurate, of course).
According to the scientific method, the results of any experiment cannot prove a hypothesis correct. But if it does not prove it incorrect, and the experiment was conducted in a logical and thoughtful way, the hypothesis will be supported by the experimental evidence. I believe that…...

Scientific Method and "The Stone Tape"
Scientific Method and the Stone Tape

The scientific method is a procedure that was developed over centuries to organize the steps in the procedures of scientific investigations. These steps were designed so that the results gathered by scientists would be considered to be verifiable and repeatable, and therefore correct. By using the scientific method, scientists use observations and hypothesis, in order to predict the outcome of an experiment, then conduct that experiment and draw conclusions from the observations of the experiment. ("Understanding and Using the Scientific Method") In other words, the scientific method sees something, hypothesizes about it, tests that hypothesis through experimentation, and draw conclusions from those experimental results. It is used because it demands strict adherence to the steps, and therefore the results can be accepted as real and conclusive. However, many scientists do not always follow the scientific method, and because of this…...

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References

BBC The Stone Tape (1972). Retrieved from  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069316/ 

 http://www.culturecourt.com/Br.Paul/media/StoneTape.htm 

"Understanding and Using the Scientific Method." (2011). The Science Project.

Retrieved from  http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/scientific_method.html

Scientific Theory
Scientific Method

Operational Definitions

The author of this short report is asked to review a series of six claims that are supposedly scientific and fact-based in nature and review them for efficacy and whether they can be support. The author has chosen the claim that no one has ever been abducted by aliens but instead thoughts and visions are beamed into their head (ogo, 1990). Under both the scientific method as well as proving a theory, this claim is specious and is unprovable on any real level. The author of this report will explain what is measurable, provable and neither of those things in the ensuing two pages.

The variable that is relevant to the alien abduction assertions are the thoughts relating to the supposed abduction. The operational definition of this variable is that these are thoughts or experiences that, while not physical, are a depiction of a real event or story…...

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References

Rogo, D.S. (1990). Beyond reality. Wellingborough, UK: Aquarian Press

ScienceBuddies.org. "Steps of the Scientific Method." Science Fair Project Ideas, Answers, & Tools. N.p., 18 Aug. 2013. Web. 18 Aug. 2013. .

This should be done 1-2 weeks before the experiment begins -- the goal is to have a full pot of grass that is at least 1" tall. Ensure that each pot has a FULL amount of grass growing to the edges of the pot.
Methodology -- Label each pot as 1, 2, 3 and 4. Note in lab book that 1 = control (use distilled water if possible, if not, untreated tap water), 2 = .1% solution, 3= 1.0% solution, and 4=5% solution. Prepare at least a quart of each solution by using 1/10th gram of salt per 100ml of water for 2, 1 gram per 100 ml for 3, and 5 grams per 100 ml for 4.

Begin experiment by adding 10 ml (5 onto soil and 5 into reservoir) every fourth day. Ensure that all pots are placed in a warm and sunny area, but not directly in sun.…...

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REFERENCES

Cary, S. (2003). A Beginner's Guide to the Scientific Method. New York: Wadsworth.

Swift, C. And Koski, a.J. (2007). Growing Turf on Salt-Affected Sites. Colorado State

University Extension Office. Retrieved from:  http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/07227.html 

We would graph as many of the observations as possible, then do graphs of initial and final observations.

Scientific Method
Which type of salt will increase the boiling point of water the most Table, Epsom or Sea Salt?

State the Problem

The boiling point of water is one of the most unique changes that occur with a liquid becoming gas. When salt is added it will increase. This is because it has unique properties that allow it to withstand greater temperatures. However, there has been debate about which ones can endure the most amounts of heat to include: table, Epsom or sea salt. To fully understand what is the most effective, a study will be conducted that is comparing their impacts on the boiling point of water. This will highlight which one can endure the greatest amounts of pressure. (Cato, 2012)

Gather Information about the Problem

According to Moore (2010) the biggest differences between sea and table salt is the way they are processed. As sea salt is harvested through evaporation. This means…...

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References

Cato, J. (2012). Heat Absorption Properties of Salt. E How. Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8464613_heat-absorption-properties-salt.html

Eastman, B. (2011). Epsom Sale. Sky Walker. Retrieved from: http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/epsom/project.htm

Moore, D. (2010). The Significance of Salt. University of Oregon. Retrieved from:  http://materialscience.uoregon.edu/ttsem/curriculum%20to%20share/The_Significance_of_Salt.pdf

Many people might be casual users of marijuana and not use hard drugs, thus the research must be structured to see if causality as well as correlation is established between hard drug use and using marijuana beforehand.
hat do you think about the argument raised in the "Are scientists wearing blinkers?" section of the eb page? How does this idea tie into you chapter's discussion of neutrality and politics in research?

Far from being blinkered, Josh udka states that most scientists are actually very willing to entertain unusual theories. He advances the concept that scientists would love to prove everyone else before them wrong, and become the new media darling who wins the next Nobel Prize. However, in the past, virtually every intellectual revolution in science has been quite hard-won, which the website acknowledges in its discussion of Galileo and Copernicus. Furthermore, biases do exist in science -- a scientist paid…...

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Works Cited

Wudka, Jose. (1998). "Scientific Method." Retrieved 24 Sept 2007 at http://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node5.html

scientific method is the collection of processes one typically uses in scientific investigation when new scientific knowledge is desired, based upon physical evidence ("Scientific," 2004). The scientific method, traditionally, follows a series of steps. First, a question must be asked or a problem identified. Next, one must gather information in an attempt to answer the question and from there solutions can be proposed. The hypothesis is then tested either by conducting an experiment or making further observations. From this point, the results can be analyzed and scientific theory will either be constructed, supported or cast doubt upon (Schafersman, 1994).
In this particular situation, I have noticed that grass on my property is brown, short and dead. The grass, however, in the neighbor's yard is not. Instead, it is green, tall and alive. The burning question is, why? Why is my neighbor's lawn thriving, while mine is dying?

The Grass is Always…...

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References

Schafersman, S.D. (Jan 1994). Scientific thinking and the scientific method. Retrieved November 10, 2004, from  http://www.freeinquiry.com/intro-to-sci.html .

Scientific method. (9 Nov 2004). Retrieved November 10, 2004, from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Method .

Scientific Method
Tyson, Neil de Grasse. (1998) "Belly Up to the Error Bar: The Scientific Method." Natural History. Retrieved on 4 Jul 2005 from Find rticles database at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_n9_v107/ai

Understanding the scientific method is one of the first building blocks of teaching modern scientific research to students. But do experienced scientists concern themselves with what makes rigorous hypothesis formulation and testing? In the scientific journal of Natural History, author and scientist Neil de Grasse Tyson writes in his article "Belly Up to the Error Bar: The Scientific Method," about one of the most important parts of the scientific method in the 'real life' academic study and research of science, namely the need to minimize human bias. He calls experimental bias in favor of the initial hypothesis of the experimenter one of the greatest sources of blunders in research.

lthough formal accounts of the scientific method typically describes a clinical "hypothesis-posing, experiment-conducting activity,"…...

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Although formal accounts of the scientific method typically describes a clinical "hypothesis-posing, experiment-conducting activity," in terms of "induction, deduction, cause, and effect," there is still a great deal of creativity and uncertainty in the formulation of said hypothesis. "Science can be a process in which practically anything goes -- from middle-of-the-night hunches to mathematical formulations driven by classical aesthetics" -- so long as the results eventually "accurately describe and predict phenomena in the real world." (Tyson, 1998, p.1)

But in terms of bias in interpreting their results, scientists are only human. "When making multiple measurements, scientists occasionally discard values that deviate strongly from their expectations." (Tyson, 1998, p.1) In the social sciences, public opinion polls are accompanied by "margins of error." (Tyson, 1998, p.1) But in science experiments as well, "some measurements will come out above the true value, while some will come out below. These are ordinary fluctuations: a chart of all the data points would look like the statistician's beloved bell curve. The history of science has shown that if an experiment is well designed, then most of the data will cluster around some value, presumably the right one." (Tyson, 1998, p.1)

But the bias of the scientist in question in favor of his or her original hypothesis can also skew the perceptions of the final results.Does this mean that all scientfic finds according to the scientific method are potentially biased? Not necessarily, only that scientists are human beings, however objective the scientific method may seem. "In courts of law, yes/no questions and multiple-choice questions are common. But science does not lend itself to such responses without incurring major misrepresentations of reality," thus scientists must be particularly rigorous in their own self-scrutiny about their biases in favor of one hypothesis over another. (Tyson, 1998, p.2)

cells to combat and beat back inflammatory breast cancer cells. The questions that will be answered and details included will include the overall hypothesis of the study, the materials and methods of the study, the treatment of the experimental group, whether the scientists involved followed the scientific method and what the author of this report personally concludes from this study. While all studies have limitations and limited scope in terms of what can be surmised, this study was done quite well and looks rather promising.
The overall hypothesis of the study is that epigallocatechin-3-gallate cells inhibit the spread and progress of inflammatory breast cancer cells. The treatment conditions of the study is that SUM-149 and SUM-150 cells were isolated on their own from primary inflammatory invasive ductal carcinoma. Cells were frozen and then grown in a verifiably cancer-free way. ALDH-positive cells were isolated using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Cell growth…...

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References

Mineva, N., Paulson, K., Naber, S., Yee, A., Sonenshein, G., & Singh, S. (2013).

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Stem-Like Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells.

PLoS ONE, 8(9), E73464-E73464.

Scientific Method & Fundamentals of esearch
esearch is a crucial part of our lives, regardless of whether it is to find a cure for a disease, or simply write an essay. Even simple questions that a person wants answered can be keyed into the world wide web, found in a library, or even a bookstore, involves performing research. It is true there are a many scientific approaches one can use to test research and data, the scientific method is likely the most often used. It is still unclear how the scientific method was developed and originated, most scientists will are that contributors such as Galileo and van Leeuwenhoek were instrumental in its infancy.

There is little doubt that the scientific methods is one of the most commonly utilized approaches for solid research ventures. One might even say that the scientific method and research are as paramount to human life as the…...

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References

National Academies. (2011). National Research Center. Retrieved on June 1, 2012 from  http://www.nationalacademies.org/nrc/ .

University of Phoenix. ( 2008). Educational Research. Retrieved from University of Phoenix,

BSHS 382-Research and Statistics for the Social Sciences website.

There are four different philosophical approaches in education: idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism.  While each of these four philosophical approaches can be seen in parts of modern-day education, realism is probably the most pervasive current philosophical influence.

Realism developed from the teachings of Aristotle and can be thought of as concerning objective facts.  While different people may perceive things in various ways, the objective truth of an event does not change.  This emphasis on rational thought means that realism underpins much of what we think of as truth. 

Realism is reflected in educational approaches that teach critical thinking skills....

Sherlock Holmes is probably the most famous fictional detective in the English language.  Known for his keen observational skills and ability to put together facts, Sherlock is still considered a genius detective.  In fact, the ultimate detective continues to inspire mystery fans, everywhere.  However, his creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle famously had a love-hate relationship with Holmes.  In fact, he believed Holmes was preventing him from pursuing other characters in his writing and even killed him (and his mortal enemy, Moriarty) in a story, only to bring Holmes back to meet readers’ demands.....

1. The two theoretical perspectives behind research are the positivist perspective and the interpretivist perspective.

- Positivist perspective: This perspective focuses on the idea that knowledge can be gained through objective observation and measurement. Positivists believe that there is an objective reality that can be studied and understood through empirical evidence and scientific methods.

- Interpretivist perspective: This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective meanings and interpretations that individuals attach to their experiences. Interpretivists believe that reality is socially constructed and that individuals' interpretations of the world are shaped by their unique perspectives, beliefs, and values.

2. Research question: How....

Thesis Statement Brainstorming for Paranormal Phenomena

1. Investigate the Interplay between Cultural Beliefs and Paranormal Experiences

Cultural norms and values shape how individuals perceive, interpret, and report paranormal phenomena.
Cross-cultural studies can reveal how different cultural contexts influence the nature and frequency of paranormal experiences.

2. Explore the Role of Psychology in Paranormal Beliefs and Encounters

Cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias and wishful thinking, can contribute to the subjective nature of paranormal experiences.
Psychological factors, such as stress, sleep deprivation, and alterations in consciousness, may trigger or enhance paranormal experiences.

3. Examine the Evidence for Physical Manifestations of Paranormal Phenomena

Scientific methods,....