For example, with respect to the leadership support area developed by Bryk, Korkmaz (2006) reports that in some cases, collecting primary data are required to make informed decisions, particularly with respect to human resource decisions. In his study of 842 teachers working in 42 elementary schools, Korkmaz operationalized the dimensions in this area as described in Table 2 below.

Table 2

Operationalization of Elementary School Climate and Leadership Dimensions

Dimension

Definition

Instruments Used

School vision

This dimension was defined as being a top-down process that begins with the elementary school principal and purposely extends to all school stakeholders. The two important elements of effective leadership identified were:

1. Building up positive interpersonal relations; and,

2. Developing a school vision.

To measure the perceptions of teachers working in these schools about the vision in their schools, the study used the obustness Semantic Differential (SD), developed by Licata and Willower (1978) (see proforma copy at Appendix a).

Organizational health

This dimension measures the perception…...

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References

Bryk, a.S. (2010). Organizing schools for improvement: Research on Chicago school improvement indicates that improving elementary schools requires coherent, orchestrated action across five essential supports. Phi Delta Kappan, 91(7). 23-25.

Korkmaz, M. (2006). The relationship between organizational health and robust school vision in elementary schools. Educational Research Quarterly, 30(1), 14-16.

Licata, J.W. & Harper, G.W. (1999). Healthy schools, robust schools and academic emphasis as an organizational theme. Journal of Educational Administration, 37(5), 463 -- 475.

Neuman, W.L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, 5th ed. New York: Allyn & Bacon.

At the time and having been influenced by military efficiency of World War II, the nation adopted standardized testing and mainstreaming because they held an aura of scientific respectability and eased the grading dilemmas. Of course, the reason we keep these outdated systems today is more based on the fact that standardized testing and single educational objectives are far more cost effective and require far less objective and social knowledge by the educational faculties. In other words, cost and ease of presentation continue to win.
In conclusion, this essay aimed to present a view that our educational process is in need of change. Our mainstream philosophies and the reliance on standardized achievement testing will continue to create problems for our society. "The sad fact is that it's a corporate jungle out there where cigar-chewing CEOs bare their teeth and cannibalize those who aren't problem-solvers. Companies exist to solve problems. We…...

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References

Henry, Tamara (January 12, 1994). Educators Cling to Multiple-Choice Exams. USA Today.

Macht, Joel. (1998.) Special Education's Failed System: A Question of Eligibility. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey,

Manigaulte, John Carlo (1997). Multiple Choice Exams Don't Mimic Tests of Work World. University Wire, October 1.

O'Neill, Patrick B. (2001). Essay vs. Multiple Choice Exams; an Experiment in the Principles of Macroeconomics Course. American Economist, March 22.

Here, the information processing theory applies to the manner in which the board induces a multilayered engagement of the subject matter. The correlation of conceptual and practical application with a visual presentation conforms to the information processing idea that "information is stored in multiple locations throughout the brain in the form of networks of connections. It is consistent with the levels-of-processing approach in that the more connections to a single idea or concept, the more likely it is to be remembered." (Huitt, 1) As we have addressed technology based approaches to instruction, it bears noting that there are evolving opportunities in the fied of education to improve upon this multilevel engagement of material.
As an educator, you want to decrease undesirable behaviors in the educational environment. hat is the best strategy to decrease these behaviors for each student? 1)Andrew who likes to utter profanities every now an then. 2) Sandy,…...

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Works Cited:

Huitt, W. (2003). The information processing approach to cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Online at  http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/infoproc.html 

Johnson, S.F. (2007). Special Education & Educational Standards. NHEdLaw,

Knowledge of Nutrition and Activity for Communities in Kansas (KNACK). (2009). Social Cognitive Learning Model. Kansas State University.

Ogonosky, A. (2009). Emotionally Disturbed Students. Association of Texas Professional Educators. Online at  http://www.atpe.org/resources/Student&ParentIssues/emoDisturb.asp

esidential School System: State-Sponsored Bullying?
The esidential School System: Was it a Form of State-Sponsored Bullying?

From as early as the mid 1800s through to the late 1900s, scores of Aboriginal children were compelled to attend residential schools that sought to, amongst other things, assimilate the said children into the dominant culture. In Canada, we had the Indian residential schools, whereas in the U.S. there were the American Indian boarding schools. Over time, there has been a lot of controversy regarding not only the conditions those youngsters who attended the residential schools experienced, but also the rationality of forcibly immersing children into cultures they were not familiar with. Some have equated the residential school system to some form of state-sanctioned bullying.

Discussion

Compelling children to discard their cultures, in favor of the dominant culture, was a form of bullying. To begin with, it is important to note that as Sinclair and Hamilton (1991) point…...

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References

Hamilton, A.C. And Sinclair, M. (1991). Aboriginal concepts of justice. Vol.1: Report of the Aboriginal justice inquiry of Manitoba: The justice system and Aboriginal people. Winnipeg: Queen's Printer, pp.17-47.

However a poll take in 1994 by the Wall Street Journal found that 28% of Americans would prefer to have their own children homeschooled (Houston & Toma 2003).
The authors further explain that the increased number of children being home schooled has created issues associated with truancy laws and in some cases been the catalyst for the passing of new laws. In fact 35 states have created new legislation related to home schooling. For instance, in some states there are hybrid forms of public-home enrollment. In addition the state of Idaho permits dual enrollment, and in California there is a district that gives parents a $1,000 voucher to home-schooled children so that they can purchase textbooks that are approved by the district. Although states have been effective in formulating and implementing laws related to home schooling, the federal government has been less effective in creating such legislation (obertson 1994; (Houston…...

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References

Homeschooling. (2000, October). World and I, 15, 14.

Houston, R.G., & Toma, E.F. (2003). Home Schooling: An Alternative School Choice. Southern Economic Journal, 69(4), 920+.

Lines Patricia. (1997). Homeschooling: An Overview for Educational Policymakers. Working paper, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January.

Lyman Isabel. (1998). "Homeschooling: Back to the Future?" Policy Analysis 294.

Harold Kirk, Board Member - Feels that they do not have the money to hire ServiceMaster, strongly opposed to hiring of outside contractors. Feels threatened by outside contractors, may have relatives who he has done favors for that may lose their job. Harold may have the ability to influence the rest of the board and sway their opinion through his strong opposition.

Other board members - Must decide whether hiring ServiceMaster is the correct or incorrect decision for building maintenance problems. Board members must decide whether to go with political ties, or financial concerns. Ultimately, the decision is in the hands of the Board, as a whole. They must decide what to do, after hearing the arguments of both sides. The other players can attempt to influence these players, but ultimately, it is their choice.

I- Central Problem

The central problem in this case is that old dysfunctional organizational must be changed to…...

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References

Bobic, M., & Davis, W. (2003). A Kind Word for Theory X: Or Why So Many Newfangled Management Techniques Quickly Fail. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 13 (3): 239 Issue: 3. Publication Year: 2003. Page Number: 239-264.

Cox, D. & Hoover, J. (2002). Leadership when the heat's on. USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Herzberg, F. (1959). The Motivation to Work, New York, new York: John Wiley and Sons Publishers

Hoare, C. (2002). Erikson on Development in Adulthood: New Insights from the Unpublished Papers. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.

Chicago Public School (CPS) system is the most understaffed in Illinois, where throughout the state the average student to staff ratio is 11 to one. In the CPS system, it is 16 to one—16 students to every one teacher, and that is just going by averages (Sepeda-Miller, 2018). As Laraviere (2019) puts it, “the 20 most adequately staffed school districts in Illinois have 100 staff members for every 500 students.” Yet in CPS, it is just 29 staff for every 500 students (Laraviere, 2019)—which means when compared to the best that Illinois has to offer, Chicago looks like the worst. That is a serious shame for a city and school system that should be recognized and hailed as the state’s top district. Instead, the reality is that there is no maximum limit on classroom size in the CPS system (Guerrero, 2019), and some classes can grow much larger than already…...

This paper examines the healing process of Aboriginal communities from the devastating inter-generational effects of residential school system. The paper begins by evaluating the formation and purpose of residential school system in Canada. In this case, the establishment of the residential school systems to help assimilate Aboriginal children into the dominant culture in Canada is discussed. The development of the school system into residential school abuse is also examined and its devastating impacts evaluated. Traditional and non-traditional healing practices utilized by Aboriginals to deal with these effects are also discussed with respect to their effectiveness. The paper demonstrates the significance of utilizing healing practices developed by and within Aboriginal communities to cope with the historical trauma of residential school abuse in Canada.
Keywords: residential school abuse, residential school system, Aboriginal communities, healing practices, devastating impacts.

The Healing Process of Aboriginals from Residential School Abuse
The residential school era in Canada was characterized by…...

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References

Canada’s University. (2017, September 20). Introduction to Indigenous Peoples in Canada. Retrieved November 27, 2017, from

Dionne, D. (2008). Recovery in the Residential School Abuse Aftermath: A New Healing Paradigm. Retrieved from University of Lethbridge website: https://www.uleth.ca/dspace/bitstream/handle/10133/736/dionne,%20dee.pdf?sequence=1

Goforth, S. (2007). Aboriginal Healing Methods for Residential School Abuse and Intergenerational Effects: A Review of the Literature. Native Social Work Journal, 6, 11-32. Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/OSUL/TC-OSUL-392.pdf

Hanson, E. (2009). The Residential School System. Retrieved November 27, 2017, from http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/the_residential_school_system/

Pulitzer Center. (2016, July 17). Signs of Your Identity: Forced Assimilation Education for Indigenous Youth. Retrieved November 27, 2017, from https://pulitzercenter.org/project/western-canada-first-nations-residential-schools-identity

Spear, W.K. (2008). Historical Trauma and the Aboriginal Healing Foundation. “Aboriginal People” Issue of Visions Journal, 5(1), 26-27. Retrieved from http://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/visions/aboriginal-people-vol5/canadas-indian-residential-school-system

http://www.med.uottawa.ca/SIM/data/Vul_Indigenous_e.htm

From scheduling lunch shifts to arranging for common planning time, my principal has effectively and efficiently managed the set amount of time that we have in a school day. Collaboration between parents and community members is evident as well. We often have parent / child literacy nights. Annually we also hold a rotherhood Dinner that honors community members that have positively influenced the children in our neighborhoods. Throughout New edford, Carney Academy is highly regarded; our reputation precedes us.
Educational Philosophy 6

Knowledge acquired from textbooks and college classes may give me some techniques and standards that effective leaders must know, however they are not going to teach me everything I need to know. Hopefully, my experiences as a successful coach and an employee of an excellent leader will help in building a solid foundation for me to become an effective leader myself.

ibliography

ass, ernard M (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations,…...

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Bibliography

Bass, Bernard M (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations, New York: Free Press.

Conger, Jay A. And Rabindra N. Kanungo (1987), Towards a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review 12/4: 637-647.

Burns, John M. (1978), Leadership, New York: Harper and Row

Bernstein, R. Should You Be the Boss? Mar 99, Vol. 108 Issue 6, p33, 3p, 1c

County
Educational Technology Plan 2014-2017

TIP 1: Vision, Mission, Goals and Strategies

TIP 2: Needs Assessment

TIP 3: The Planning Process

State Goals and Objectives with Local Strategies and Measures

Environment

Engagement

Tools

TIP 4: Implementation: Timetable and Budget for Goals, Objectives and Strategies

TIP 5: Executive Summary

TIP 6: eferences

TIP 1: Vision, Mission, Goals and Strategies of Imaginary County Public Schools

The Imaginary County Public Schools District seeks to empower students with the latest technological resources and training to provide them with the knowledge to take advantage of educational and professional opportunities throughout their communities -- and the rest of their lives.

Vision: The vision of the Imaginary County Public Schools District is to enable students to become vital contributing members to the surrounding society with the most effective and modern methods indicative of the 21st century.

Goals and Strategies

Goal 1: Students must have a safe environment in which to learn and which fosters confidence, so that they can expand to attain…...

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References:

Harper, J. (2014). Mobile data governance. www.dataversity.net Retrieved from  http://www.dataversity.net/mobile-data-governance/ 

Hogan, K.. (2013). The Edtech era. Tech & Learning. 33(8), 4.

Sangani, K. (2013). BYOD to the classroom. Engineering & Technology.8(3), 42-45.

Savitz, E. (2012). How we can use technology to transform the classroom. www.forbes.com. Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2012/11/27/how-we-can-use-technology-to-transform-the-classroom/

5. What are the top 3 in monetary costs for capital improvement projects recommended for the ensuing fiscal year?

The top 3 costs for Special Warrant Articles for the upcoming budget are: The GMS site de-watering study (including design and cost) at $86,000, GMS/LMS safety locks and video surveillance at $56,431 and finally LMS Emergency Access Road at $44,000.

6. Excluding food service sales what are the top 3 revenue budget lines for the year 05/06?

The top three revenue line for the school year were: Federal Program Grant at $239,042, State School Building Aid at $238,392.16 and revenue from Other Local Sources at $165,049.

7. What is the total dollar amount for appropriations recommended by the School Board?

The total amount recommended by the School Board for the upcoming year is $19,514,314. This includes the $259,854 appropriated to Special Warrant Articles as well as the $19,254,460 appropriated for all School and Administrative Services and…...

Most important, the teachers need the backing of the principal in order to have the time and resources to implement such a program and to further enhance the concept of a school that cares about its students and their educational and personal needs.

eferences

Denault, L.E. (1999) estructuring? Keep it simple. Consider Looping! Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 65(4): 19-26.

Elliot, I. (1998). When two years are better than one. Teaching Pre-K 29(3): 38-41

Forsten, C., Grant, J., and ichardswon, I. (1999) Multiage and looping. Borrowing from the past. Principal. 78(4): 15-16.

Jordan, D. (2000) Looping: Discovering the Difference. Teaching PreK-8-30(6): 58-59.

Little, T.S., and Dacus, N.B. (1999) Looping up with the class. Educational Leadership.

Phi Delta Kappa Fastbacks. (2001) Looping. Creating elementary school communities

478: 7-39.

Schaefer, B.A., Khoury, .A., and Ginsburg-Block, M. (2003). Does looping make the rade? A preliminary study of…...

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References

Denault, L.E. (1999) Restructuring? Keep it simple. Consider Looping! Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 65(4): 19-26.

Elliot, I. (1998). When two years are better than one. Teaching Pre-K 29(3): 38-41

Forsten, C., Grant, J., and Richardswon, I. (1999) Multiage and looping. Borrowing from the past. Principal. 78(4): 15-16.

Jordan, D. (2000) Looping: Discovering the Difference. Teaching PreK-8-30(6): 58-59.

School Choice
Throughout the nation the American public has clamored for school change and reform. One of the alternatives that has moved to the forefront of the arena is the ability of parents to choose the public school that their children will attend without geographic boundaries and mandates.

Experts continue to debate whether or not school choice ability will force the hand of the public school system to make the desired changes. Some believe that parents having the ability to move their children to the school of their choice will force all schools to improve to compete, while others think it will harm the economically disadvantaged schools with little benefit to the then overcrowded wealthy schools. This paper presents a research proposal that addresses the question of school choice. This might include the choice to choose a different public school, choose to home school, and choose private school or another choice.

The paper…...

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References

CHESTER E. FINN, JR. & REBECCA L. GAU, New ways of education. Vol. no130, The Public Interest, 01-15-1998.

Gail Russell Chaddock, Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor, Public schools enter a new world of competition., The Christian Science Monitor, 03-30-1999, pp FEATURES,.

Author not available, As home schooling rises, districts fail to meet needs., USA Today, 08-21-2002, pp 09A.

Author not available, What's so liberal about keeping children in dreadful schools?., The Washington Post, 02-23-2003, pp B08.

Schools and Education
Over the last several years, the field of education has been facing tremendous challenges. This is because of shifts in how they address a host of issues and there are changing demographics of students. These are all signs of broader social implications which are having an effect on individual performance and their ability to adapt with a variety of situations. (Rury, 2013)

Evidence of this can be seen with observations from Rury (2013) who said, "e live in a time of considerable social and political turmoil, marked by economic uncertainty that has directly touched the lives of millions of Americans. Deep divisions and critical problems, as a range of issues are debated fervently, extending from economic policy, to poverty and inequality. If there is anything everyone seems to agree upon it the growing importance of education for the future. ithout expanding our present knowledge and abilities, it is unlikely…...

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Works Cited

Ballantine, Jeanne. 2012. Schools and Society. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Hendrix, L. (2013). Education and Society. (Educational Autobiography).

Morris, Edward. 2012. Learning the Hard Way. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Rury, John. 2013. Education and Social Change. New York: Routledge.

These issues of professionalism and innovation seem to be a major problem in many public schools in America. In recent years these issues have come to light as teachers have been disciplined and even fired for their interactions with students that have been unprofessional and even criminal at times. Teachers have an ethical responsibility to act professionally and when they fell to do so the ability of students to excel academically is also compromised.
The aforementioned authors also mention the lack of innovation that often occurs as a result of using democratic methods. One of the reasons why school choice is even an issue is because the curriculums that have been implemented in public schools lack variety. Part of the reason for this lack of innovation has to do with bureaucracy and government mandates such as the No Child Left Behind Act. This particular act stifles innovation because many teachers…...

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Works Cited

Cullen, J.B. Brian A. Jacob and Steven D. Levitt (2005) The impact of school choice on student outcomes: an analysis of the Chicago Public Schools. Journal of Public Economics. 89 (5-6):729-760

Hastings, Justine S. Thomas J. Kane Douglas Staiger (2005) Parental Preferences and School Competition: Evidence from a Public School Choice Program .Yale Economic Applications and Policy Discussion Paper No. 10

Moe, Terry. 2001. Schools, Vouchers and the American Public. Washington: Brookings Institution Press

Sikkink, D., Emerson M.O. (2008) School choice and racial segregation in U.S. schools: The role of parents' education. Ethnic and Racial Studies 31(2): 267-293

One recent news story in Canada that could be analyzed sociologically using concepts or theories is the controversy surrounding the recent discovery of unmarked graves at former residential school sites. This news has brought to light the long-standing issue of systemic racism and cultural genocide against Indigenous peoples in Canada.

In analyzing this news story, one could apply sociological concepts such as structural functionalism, conflict theory, or postcolonial theory to understand the historical and ongoing impacts of colonialism on Indigenous communities. One could also examine the role of power and privilege in perpetuating inequality and marginalization of Indigenous peoples within Canadian....

I. Introduction

A. Background
Define Down syndrome
Provide a brief overview of the history of Down syndrome in Iceland
B. Thesis Statement
State the main argument or purpose of the essay: to outline the recent history of Down syndrome in Iceland and its implications.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Prenatal Screening and Abortion

A. Pre-2000s:
Describe the prevalence of Down syndrome in Iceland before widespread prenatal screening.
Discuss the cultural and social attitudes towards individuals with Down syndrome.
B. Post-2000s:
Explain the introduction of Down syndrome screening in Iceland.
Analyze the impact on the rate of Down syndrome births.
Explore the ethical....

Addressing the Historical Legacy of Colonialism and Systemic Oppression

Acknowledge and apologize for past wrongs: The government must formally acknowledge the history of colonialism, violence, and assimilation policies that have decimated Indigenous populations and cultures. Sincere apologies should be offered for the residential school system, forced relocation, and other forms of oppression.
Implement the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action: The government must fully implement the 94 Calls to Action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which provide a roadmap for reconciliation. These calls address education, health, child welfare, justice, and other critical areas.
Create a national inquiry....

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Leadership plays a crucial role in achieving success and driving change.
B. Background: Define leadership and its significance in various fields, such as business, politics, and education.
C. Thesis statement: A strong leader possesses certain qualities and skills, and their ability to inspire and guide others towards a common goal is essential for success.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Qualities of a Strong Leader
A. Topic sentence: Strong leaders demonstrate excellent communication skills.
1. Supporting detail: Effective communication promotes clarity and helps leaders convey their vision.
2. Supporting detail: Active listening skills enable leaders to understand and address....