Leadership in the School Settings
The concept of distributed leadership in the educational setting

The application of distributed leadership in a middle school setting

The benefits of distributed leadership

Servant leadership

In this paper, we present an analysis of servant leadership as well as distributed leadership as well as a description of how they can be used in the educational settings. The paper presents an elaborate discussion of how one might implement an initiative around servant leadership using distributed leadership. The paper we present an essay on how to apply servant leadership along with distributed leadership to an organization such as a public middle school. The methods of measuring the impacts as well as the potential benefits of the initiative are also presented. The specific outcomes of the initiative are then presented. clear identification of the limitations of existing theories of leadership and opportunities for future research for servant leadership are also presented.The…...

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An application of servant leadership approach together with concept of distributed leadership can lead to the better running and management of middle level schools. This is due to the synergetic influence of the positive attributes of these leadership approaches (Rauch,2007).It is therefore important that the management of various middle levels schools concurrently apply both principles of leadership while taking care not to affect the positive outcomes with the demerits of distributed leadership.

Conclusion

The concept of servant leadership approach together with concept of distributed leadership appear to have a lot of potential in improving the running of schools as well as student outcomes. More research should be carried out to gauge the specific variable that can be improved by the application of the concept to a middle school setting. The lack of student-centric research as well as empirical studies to test the impact of these leadership approaches to the middle school settings must be met with further research in order to validate the potential benefits of the two approaches.

Inclusion Effective in the Middle School Setting?
Defining Inclusion

Inclusion can be intensely troubling because it confronts our uninspected ideas of what "ordinary" and "normal" in reality signify (Pear point and Forest, 1997). To comprehend inclusion, we must glance at its meaning, birth, propositions, and precedent and current studies. In the enlightening situation, inclusion signifies that all learners, including those with placid and those with rigorous hindrances, be located in the least restraining atmosphere accessible. This frequently implies the standard classroom.

Inclusion is not tantamount with normal. While conventional is analyzed as a target where learners "earn" their way back into the classroom, inclusion institutes the scholar's "right" to be there in the primary place. If the requirement occurs, services and supports are brought to the usual classroom. The present inclusion progress challenges instructors to look further than normality to find inclusive tactics to meet learner's personal wishes. Inclusion beckons for a…...

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Bibliography

Bradley, D.F. & Fisher, J.F. (1995). The inclusion process: Role changes at the middle level, Middle School Journal, 26(3) 13-19.

Baker, J.M., & Zigmond, N. (1995). The meaning and practice of inclusion for students with learning disabilities: Themes and implications from the five case studies. Journal of Special Education, 29(2), 163-180. EJ 509-951.

Forest, M. & Pearpoint, J. (1997). Inclusion! The bigger picture, http://www.inclusion.com.tools.html.

Halvorsen, A.T., & Neary, T. (2001). Building inclusive schools: Tools and strategies for success. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

K-12 eadership in Urban School Settings
Define "urban education." The school's four themes: accountability, diversity, leadership, and learning.

In order to extend education and train nearly 50 million students to become useful elements of our society, Americans depend on public schools. But, several of our public schools, especially the ones located in our Great Cities experience major challenges. (Council of the Great City Schools) 'Urban Education' could thus be considered as schools operating in the urban centers of the Cities. et us first of all understand the urban school's four themes: accountability, diversity, leadership, and learning.

Accountability

The two biggest reactions to the demand for responsibilities in public education are bureaucratic and occupational responsibility. Bureaucratic responsibility pertains to the responsibility of schools to the different strata of supervision for performance of pupils; occupational responsibility pertains to the responsibility of employees of the educational institutions in meeting their academic jobs. These two types of responsibility…...

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Learning

Helping others is not merely a type of Samaritan activity or feeling contented about it. It is a path to social duty and discharging the duty of being a citizen. While it is related proximally to classroom learning it is a perfect environment for closing the breach between the classroom and the road, between the theory of democracy and its heightened defiant performance. Service is a tool of public pedagogy. In their service to the community, the youths build cohesion; in admitting disparity, they close the partition and in undertaking personal accountability, they foster social citizenship. The exploration on service-learning and nationality in K-12 school is developing at a scorching pace as the question of nationality assumes primary importance at the national strata. (Citizenship and Service-Learning in K-12 Schools, 2003) Problem-based learning - PBL is an important instrument devised to promote the types of prompt learning encounters that potential instructors must be occupied in at the time of their early readiness as instructors and that experienced instructors must encounter right through their professional lives. (Levin, 2001)

Learning online which is also called as 'electronically delivered learning' or 'e-learning' is one of the topmost and impending noteworthy latest teaching methods accessible for sustaining the betterment of instruction and education in K-12 schools of America presently. As per a latest publication of the National Association of State Boards of Education, E-learning shall enhance American learning in worthy methods and must be globally made functional at the earliest possible. An emergent volume of corroboration sustains the inference that while e-learning is made functional along with matching consideration to the possible details that represents excellent one-to-one teaching, it can successfully harmonize improve, and widen didactic alternatives accessible meant for K-12 pupils. (Virtual Schools and E-Learning in

Solution-Focused Brief herapy
Burns, K.M., Hulusi, H.M. (2005). Bridging the Gap Between a Learning Support Centre and School: A solution-focused group approach. Educational Psychology in Practice, Vol 21, No. 2, pp. 123 -- 130.

he study undertaken encompasses solution-focused brief therapy (SFB), which was used in tandem with social skills training in a secondary school environment. In this adjusted version of SFB, the students, together with the psychologist, form a vision of how their future would appear in school devoid of the issues and problems that they are facing. he therapy assisted the pupils to focus on solutions, and in time their expressions start to change into an empowering form. he pupils are deemed to be specialists over their own life, giving them possession of their formed solutions which increases the chances for effective implementation of these solutions in the long run.

he article can be deemed to be a helpful resource in…...

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The articles denoted above all discuss one or more aspects of solution focused brief therapy. As mentioned by Brasher (2009), solution-focused brief therapy is a comparatively new method of counseling that has been established to be beneficial in different environments. These article entries both agree and also disagree with each other in one specific aspect or another. To start with, Burns and Hulusi (2005), Newsome (2015), Gingerich and Wabeke (2001), and LaFountain & Garner (1996), all show that solution focused therapy in terms of group work can be effective for at-risk populations, such as bullied students who are in middle-schools. These articles show the manner in which a student who is being bullied can benefit from being referred to a community resource, such as an SFBT group.

Both Young and Holdorf (2003) and Newsome (2005) indicate the manner in which SFBT can be of benefit to individual referrals of students in the interventions. All of the articles in the discussion agree on one aspect: that SFBT is an effective approach in dealing with at-risk populations. In addition to this, another aspect of agreement concerns counselors. When counselors make use of solution-focused methods in their groups, the members of such groups gain from the therapeutic elements characteristic in group work. They also gain from the positive solution-focused direction.

Distinctively different from the other article entries, Carney (2008) shows that bullying is not an issue just among children, but in adults as well. Bullying has an impact on every individual that is exposed to it. In addition, it is argued that this can have mental, social, biological and physical effects as a result. LaFountain and Garner (1996) show that solution-focused counseling places an emphasis upon, and concentrates on what the individual is good at and makes an attempt of advancing such aspects.

MA Model
The Massachusetts (MA) Model for school-based counseling:

The Massachusetts (MA) model of School-based counseling is built on the values of advocacy, collaboration, strong leadership, and systemic change (MASCA, 2011). In designing this model, the Massachusetts School Counselors Association (MASCA) used The ASCA National Model: A Framework for School Counseling Programs in hopes of both enhancing the quality of school-based counseling in Massachusetts and establishing a precedent for such programs nationwide. It was a model created by the work of a task force whose entire purpose was to invest the necessary resources into creating and implementing a high quality program for school-based counseling, which would offer a return, positive impact on the levels of student health and achievement. Further, they believed that their program could serve as a model in the larger nationwide movement towards education reform. The MA model is summarized in Section I of this essay with a sample…...

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References

MASCA. (2010). MA Model Resources. Retrieved from  http://www.masca.org/index.php/ma-model .

Poynton, et al. (2008). School counselors' attitudes regarding statewide comprehensive developmental guidance model implementation. Professional School Counseling, 11, 417-422.

P-T Communication
hen parents and teachers have open lines of communication students excel. The purpose of this discussion was to focus on my experiences related to parent/teacher communication in my preschool setting. The discussion suggests that parent-teacher communication is a major part of ensuring that my students are able to excel academically. The discussion also found that it is important to establish the lines of communication in the beginning of the school year. Parents want to know what their students are accomplishing and how to further assists their students to master the appropriate skills. The discussion found that there are several different modes of communication including parent-teacher conferences, reports, internet technology and parent-teacher contracts. These different forms of Communication serve distinct purposes and can be beneficial when properly utilized. Parent conferences are among the oldest types of parent-teacher communication but there have been different approaches associated with conferences. My approach embraces…...

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Works Cited

Beverly, D. (2003). Making the connection with parents. School Business Affairs, 69(4),

Boethel, M. (2003) Diversity: school, family and community connections. Annual synthesis 2003 (Austin, TX, Southwest Educational Development Laboratory).

Davis, R.H. A Loving Parent.  http://members.tripod.com/~Patricia_F/poems.html 

Driessen G., Smit F. And Sleegers Peter British Educational Research Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Aug., 2005), pp. 509-532

school context' as discussed in the oyd reference
Schools represent complex organisms having several components. For achieving school improvement, understanding these components' interrelations is essential. Attempts at improving schooling for the at-risk student population necessitate taking the school context into consideration. oyd (n.d.) states that the ecology, which forms the first aspect, encompasses a school's inorganic components (i.e., non-living things that affect individuals within the school setting; e.g., resources at hand, school size, rules, and policies).

Culture constitutes another aspect of a school setting/context. It may be described as an expression aiming to capture social institutions' (including schools') informal side. Schein (1985) outlines numerous culture-related meanings apparent in literature on the subject:

• Perceived behavior regularities in human interactions, including language employed and practices linked to deportment and respect.

• Norms developing within work groups; for instance, the principle "fair day's wage for a fair day's work" developed during the Hawthorne Wiring Room…...

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Bibliography

Boyd, V. (n.d.). School context: Bridge or barrier to change? Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Retrieved December 2016 from  http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED370216.pdf 

Purkey, S.C. & Smith, M.S. (1983). Effective schools: A review. The Elementary School Journal, 83(4), pp. 427-452.

Schein, E.H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Sarason, S.B. (1982). Culture of the school and the problem of change, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Utilization of the data and collection of the data should be one of the main aims of the policy makers. The data can be used by the policymakers in order to develop the policies and implement these in order to make sure that improvement can be ensured (Basch, 2011, p. 9).
3. One of the main roles that can be played by the policy makers includes reviewing the policies that have already been designed for the schools. How these previous policies have played roles in an improvement of academics of the children, their environments and their health are important parts of the review by the policymakers. It is important that funding is collected for the issues that affect health and academics of children.

4. The policymakers should make sure that the importance of school-based health clinics that can play roles in looking after the needs of the students.

Great levels of differences…...

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References

Basch, C. (2011). Executive Summary: Healthier Students Are Better Learners. Journal of School Health 81, pp. 4-107.

Bruzzese, J., Sheares, B.J., Vincent, E.J., Du, Y., Sadeghi, H., Levison, M.J., Mellins, B.R., and Evans, D. (2011). Effects of a School-based Intervention for Urban Adolescents with Asthma: A Controlled Trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. April 15, 2011 183, pp. 998-1006.

Gall, G., Pagano, M.E., Desmond, S., Perrin, J.M., and Murphy, J.M. (2000). Utility of Psychosocial Screening at a School-based Health Center. Journal of School Health 70, pages 292 -- 298.

Geierstanger, P.S., Amaral, G., Mansour, M., and Walters, R.S. (2004). School-Based Health Centers and Academic Performance: Research, Challenges, and Recommendations. Journal of School Health 74, pages 347 -- 352.

othe values
Moal chaacte, that is, having couage, being pesistent, dismissing distactions and so on in pusuit of the goal.

These ae attempts to define ethics by descibing actions, and faily specific constellations of actions at that. Fedeich Paulson, a 19th centuy philosophe of ethics, defined ethics as a science of moal duty (1899).

Almost 100 yeas late, Swenson also used the concept of study in defining ethics, saying that it included the systematic study of concepts such as ight and wong. Othe eseaches note that the idea of systematic study is common in dictionay definitions of ethics, with the Ameican Heitage Dictionay focusing on thee elements: " the study of moal philosophy, the ules of a pofession (o moe boadly the chaacte of a community), and moal self-examination (Soukhanov, 1992).

Hill (2004) offes a 'definition' that is mainly pactical but also incopoates some theoetical content. They believe that ethical analysis is both…...

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references for confidentiality of records. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 62-67.

Welfel, E.R. (1992). Psychologist as ethics educator: Successes, failures, and unanswered questions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 182-189.

Welfel, E.R. (1998). Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Welfel, E.R. (2002). Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy: Standards, research, and emerging issues (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

School esponse to Student Suicide: Postvention
The emotional impact on family and friends following an adolescent suicide - and the school's response to a suicide - has not been the subject of the same level of intense research as have: a) the causes of suicides; and b) programs to prevent suicides. However, there is now an emerging body of solid research on what protocol a school can put into place, to be more prepared in the unfortunate circumstance of a teen suicide. Indeed, on the subject of tragedy, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many schools and communities re-tooled their crisis/response plans for dealing with such threats. And yet, in many ways, the sudden, inexplicable death of a student can cause serious psychological ramifications to fellow students on a part with the shockwaves following an attack by terrorists. And hence, this paper analyzes literature that is…...

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References

American Association of Suicidology (2003). Remembering Our Children:

Parents of Suicides, A Memorial to Our Precious Sons & Daughters.  http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/parentsofsuicide/page1.html 

Bratter, Thomas Edward (2003). Surviving Suicide: Treatment Challenges for Gifted, Angry, Drug Dependent Adolescents. International Journal of Reality

Therapy, XXII, 32-36.

They predict age and gender variations relate to bullying concerns. Of the 25 cartoons implemented in the study, two depict characters with different shades of skin color where skin color appeared to be an issue. One cartoon relating to sexual orientation was not used in several countries. Smith et al. report Olweus to assert bullying to be characterized by the following three criteria:
1. It is aggressive behavior or intentional "harmdoing"

2. which carried out repeatedly and over time

3. In an interpersonal relationship characterized by an imbalance of power. (Smith et al., 2002, p. 1120)

In their study, Smith et al. (2002), participating researchers in the 14 countries to completed the following

1. Listed and selected bullying terms as well as social exclusion in the applicable language.

2. Used fundamental focus groups with participating children to confirm usage and extensive comprehensive of terms.

3. Using cartoons, sorted tasks to describe ways terms relating to bullying…...

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REFERENCES

Anti-Bullying programs for schools. (2009). NoBully.com. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://www.nobully.com/index.html 

Beaty, L.A., & Alexeyev, E.B. (2008). The Problem of School Bullies: What the Research Tells Us. Adolescence, 43(169), 1+. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5026476147 

Beran, T.N., Tutty, L. & Steinrath, G. (2004). An evaluation of a bullying prevention program for elementary schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology. Vol. 19, Iss. 1/2, p. 99

116 . Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188387401&Fmt=4&clientId=9269&RQT=30

School Legal Entanglement Plan
This Legal Entanglement Plan seeks to examine the policies, programs, strategies, and practices of a particular school with respect to its moral, legal, and ethical implications. The plan is developed based on a three-step process that will help in addressing the issue that could potentially become a liability or legal entanglement if left unaddressed. The plan will help in addressing the issue since it will be communicated to appropriate stakeholders.

Step 1 – Analysis

Moral and Legal Issues in School Strategies

One of the moral, ethical or legal issue facing Carson Elementary School in West Price and could escalate into a legal entanglement is school bullying, which poses significant threats on the welfare and well-being of students. Bullying is a broad concept that involves intentional aggression, power imbalance between the perpetrator and victim, and repetitive aggressive behavior (Cornell & Limber, 2015). Carson Elementary School recognizes that preventing bullying is critical…...

This is discussed at length by Fusick and ordeau (2004) "...school-based counselors need to be aware of the disturbing inequities that exist in predominantly Afro-American urban school districts, where nearly 40% of Afro-American students attend school in the United States" (Fusick and ordeau, 2004) This again places emphasis on the need for mental health programs in these areas of concern. This is also related to findings from a study by McDavis et al. (1995) Counseling African-Americans, which refers to research that stresses the "...widening achievement gap between Afro-American and Euro-American students." (McDavis, et al. 1995)
An important study Laura a. Nabors, Evaluation of Outcomes for Adolescents Receiving School-ased Mental Health Services (2002) refers to the particular issue and problems experience at inner-city schools. The author states that, "School mental health (SMH) programs are an important setting for providing mental health services to adolescents, especially urban youth who typically face in-…...

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Bibliography.aspx www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308

Smith, P.B., Buzi, R.S., & Weinman, M.L. (2001). Mental Health Problems and Symptoms among Male Adolescents Attending a Teen Health Clinic. Adolescence, 36(142), 323. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308 

Stern, S.B., Smith, C.A., & Jang, S.J. (1999). Urban Families and Adolescent Mental Health. Social Work Research, 23(1), 15. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622 

Sternberg, R.J., & Dennis, M.J. (1997). Elaborating Cognitive Psychology through Linkages to Psychology as a Helping Profession. Teaching of Psychology, 24(3), 246-249. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228 

Stock, M.R., Morse, E.V., Simon, P.M., Zeanah, P.D., Pratt, J.M., & Sterne, S. (1997). Barriers to School-Based Health Care Programs. Health and Social Work, 22(4), 274+. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383

The author of the article, "Achieving the Challenge: Meeting Standards in the Continuation High School" (Stits, 2001) related that "prior to 1983, many continuation high schools existed in districts where expectations were limited to keeping the students in school as much as possible," and also the ideas was to keep those continuation students "away from the traditional high school campus." The implication was clear: there was a stigma that students in continuation school were bad seeds, and the idea was to keep them away from the mainstream lest they have a negative effect on the "good students" in the regular high school.
But eventually, the image of continuations schools in California changed, as communities more and more were trying to prevent school dropouts, and the need for a high school diploma became more important, as well, Stits writes.

HO DO CONTINUATION SCHOOLS OPERATE?

In an article in the journal Thrust for Educational…...

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Works Cited

Arlington Public Schools. (2005). Alternative Education: Purpose, Mission, Beliefs. Retrieved Nov. 10, 2007, at  http://www.apsva.us/hsc .

Community College Week. (2004). R.I. Plan Would Help at-risk Students.

Hardy, Lawrence. (2007). Children at Risk: Graduation Day. American School Board Journal,

No. 37907. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2007, at  http://www.asbj.com .

From scheduling lunch shifts to arranging for common planning time, my principal has effectively and efficiently managed the set amount of time that we have in a school day. Collaboration between parents and community members is evident as well. We often have parent / child literacy nights. Annually we also hold a rotherhood Dinner that honors community members that have positively influenced the children in our neighborhoods. Throughout New edford, Carney Academy is highly regarded; our reputation precedes us.
Educational Philosophy 6

Knowledge acquired from textbooks and college classes may give me some techniques and standards that effective leaders must know, however they are not going to teach me everything I need to know. Hopefully, my experiences as a successful coach and an employee of an excellent leader will help in building a solid foundation for me to become an effective leader myself.

ibliography

ass, ernard M (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations,…...

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Bibliography

Bass, Bernard M (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations, New York: Free Press.

Conger, Jay A. And Rabindra N. Kanungo (1987), Towards a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review 12/4: 637-647.

Burns, John M. (1978), Leadership, New York: Harper and Row

Bernstein, R. Should You Be the Boss? Mar 99, Vol. 108 Issue 6, p33, 3p, 1c

Bullying is a serious issue that impacts approximately 20% of middle and high-school aged children each year.  The extent of bullying can vary, but severe bullying can lead victims to commit suicide and leave lifelong scars on its survivors.  This has led people to debate the most effective form of intervention for bullies.

Bullying used to be considered an individual problem, with schools taking few steps to intervene unless the bullying was physical and was egregious.  In fact, many middle-aged adults seem to think of school bullying as something that is within the normal range of....

1. The Impact of Theft on School Climate and Student Well-being

Explore the psychological and emotional impact of theft on students, teachers, and administrators.
Examine the consequences of reduced trust and increased fear within the school environment.
Discuss how theft creates a distraction from learning and disrupts the sense of community.

2. The Role of Security Measures in Deterring Theft

Analyze the effectiveness of various security measures, such as surveillance cameras, access control systems, and security guards.
Discuss the cost-benefit ratio of implementing different security measures.
Explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of using technology to prevent theft.

3. The Psychological Factors....

1. The Impact of School Uniforms on Student Behavior and Academic Performance

Explore the ways in which uniforms influence student behavior, including reducing distractions, fostering a sense of equality, and promoting discipline.
Examine the potential effects of uniforms on academic performance, such as improved focus, reduced tardiness, and increased attendance.

2. The Role of School Uniforms in Creating a Positive and Inclusive School Environment

Discuss how uniforms can help create a level playing field for students from diverse backgrounds, reducing socioeconomic disparities and fostering a sense of belonging.
Analyze the ways in which uniforms can promote a more positive school climate....

1. The effectiveness of using action research to improve teaching practices in a specific subject area
2. The impact of collaborating with colleagues on an action research project in a school setting
3. The role of reflection in action research and its influence on decision-making and implementation of changes
4. Exploring the challenges and benefits of conducting action research in a diverse classroom or school environment
5. The use of action research to address and improve student behavior and engagement in the classroom
6. Investigating the role of technology in facilitating action research projects in education
7. The importance of building relationships and fostering collaboration with....