Further, rather than "inviting" students to seek help, the systematic plan "requires" them to receive additional assistance until mastering the concepts.
For example, at an Illinois school, the collaborative team determined that every three weeks, each student receives a progress report. Within the first month of school, new students learn that if they are not doing well, they will receive a wide array of immediate interventions. First, the teacher, counselor, and faculty advisor separately talk with the student to resolve the problem. The school also notifies the parents about the concern. In addition, the school offers the student a pass from study hall to a school tutoring center to get additional help in the course, with an older student and/or advisor.

Counselors make weekly checks on any student who falls short at the end of six weeks. The student is assigned to a daily guided study hall with 10 or fewer…...

school reform. There is one reference used for this paper.
There are currently efforts being made to improve school quality. It is important to examine an article on this subject to gain a better understanding of this important social issue.

Studies are finding that many parents who are financially able to, will move to areas which they believe provide the best education for their children. The majority of these parents have never actually researched the schools, but instead rely on information provided by people in their social groups. "The assumed quality of the schools was directly associated with the status of the families they served (Holme, 2002)."

These parents believe "low-income students care little about education, and the values and conduct of high-income families are more conducive to a good education (Holme, 2002)."

Studies have also found that white parents are more likely to choose a school that is predominately white, while parents…...

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References

Holme, Jennifer Jellison. (2002, Summer). Buying Homes, Buying Schools: School Choice and the Social Construction of School Quality. Harvard Educational Review, Vol. 72, No. 2.

A pp. 177-201.

nature of school reform. There is more of an emphasis, however, on political reform then there is on the reform of the teachers. The article discusses this by showing that the teaching community can work with those in the political area so that policies that they set can be adapted and used correctly. In the beginning of the article, the author discusses many of the different reform movements. These began with the Platoon School back in the 1970s. The article then moves on to some of the political standards that have been tried and utilized throughout the history of education. Often, many of these are used by both politicians and researchers when they are attempting to decide whether a particular school program is going to be a success or failure.
After a re-examination of these various standards, social issues that usually relate to school reform are also discussed. Many of…...

Teachers Attitudes on School Reform
School reform has become a hot-button political issue in recent years, particularly given the enactment of the 'No Child Left Behind' legislation of the current Bush Administration. But what do teachers, the professionals 'in the field' think of such legislation? To qualitatively determine current teacher attitudes towards recent educational reforms, that is, to deploying narrative, open-ended and one might say subjective determinates of teacher attitude towards the recent legislation, an educational researcher must first determine what would a representative teacher sampling of teachers comprise? One way to create a representative sampling would be to select teachers of a variety of grades, socio-demographic groups, races, ethnicities, and genders. Also such a study would ideally be comprised of teachers of wide geographic range of school districts and from urban as well as rural areas.

Given that recent legislation largely affects the public school system, however, it might be…...

Standards and School eform
While standardized testing has been in use in U.S. education for decades, until recently, it was most often used for special purposes, such as college entrance: the SATs, and the GEs for graduate school and so on. IQ testing had been part of the educational landscape, also. However, it was only after 1983's government-backed report that found American children at educational risk that standards became the main tool for establishing educational goals and determining whether they had been met. Unfortunately, this thrust produced not better educated children, but rather greater insistence on more standards and more testing until, by the advent of No Child Left Behind, the standards left almost no leeway for teachers to educate children, but rather simply to prepare them to do well on lowest-common-denominator sorts of tests. Conceivably, adding a humanizing element, such as service teaching, can help mitigate some of the ill…...

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References

Berman, S.H. (2000) Service as systemic reform. School Administrator, 57(7): 20. Retrieved June 17, 2005 from www.questia.com.

Eisner, E.W. (1994) Do American schools need standards? School Administrator, 51(5): 8. Retrieved June 17, 2005 from www.questia.com.

Finn, C.E. Jr. (2002, Summer) Making school reform work. Public Interest: 85+. Retrieved June 17, 2005 from www.questia.com.

Foss, H.K. And P.G. LeMahieu. (1994) Standards at the base of school reform. School Administrator, 51(5): 16. Retrieved June 17, 2005 from www.questia.com.

esearch Methodology

As mentioned above, a mixed-methods research approach is used to conduct the study. Qualitative data will be collected from research report that concern topics such as official policy documents, institutional policy documents, research reports, as well as by means of approaching individuals and representatives of institutions by means of questionnaires and/or interviews. Schools and tertiary institutions will for example be approached to determine their approach to mitigating the transition of students from secondary to tertiary level, as well as to determine the general opinion regarding the appropriateness of current policies and procedures in this regard.

Specifically, students and teachers from various secondary and tertiary institutions will be interviewed and/or receive questionnaire with open-ended questions to collect qualitative data. The responses will then be compared to identify any similarities or significant differences among the various respondents.

Quantitative data will be collected by means of official state statistics regarding a variety of secondary…...

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References

Curtis, S.R.G. (2010). Individual Education Plans: The Last School Reform. Capella University.

Handel, S. And Montoya, J. (Dec 2008/Jan 2009). Leadership… Strengthening the Nation by Narrowing the Gap. Community College Journal, Vol. 79, No. 3.

Leskes, a. (2003, Winter). Ensuring Not Simply P-16 Alignment, but Truly Educated Students for the Twenty-First Century. Reality Check.

Schoenfeld, a. (2005). Review: From High School to College: Improving Opportunities for Success in Postsecondary Education by Michael W. Kist and Andrea Venezia (Eds), 2005.

Patterns ParadigmBaylor, A. (2021). Criminalized Students, Reparations, and the Limits of Prospective Reform.Wash. UL Rev.,99, 1229.The purpose of this study was to examine how minority students are criminalized and lose access to advanced education and justice as a result of systematic racism. Its scope included reparations literature, laws, cases, and logical conclusions, and excluded anecdotal evidence. The focus was on examples, constitutional law, and literature. The units of analysis were time periods (20th century) and no sampling was involved. Data was qualitative and quantitative and presented in narrative form and analyzed using both deductive and inductive reasoning, with multiple data sources and studies. The study occurred in 2019, and did not include an ethics or logistics discussion.Brooks, R. L. (2019). Racial Reconciliation Through Black Reparations.Howard LJ,63,349.The purpose of this study was to critique the legitimacy of a reparations bill in Congress. Its scope included literature, laws, cases, and historical analysis,…...

, 2000). This increased responsibility has placed a tremendous amount of pressure on teachers, which in turn places a tremendous amount of pressure on the students as well.
However, even with the negative issues that have come with education reform, it has been shown that discarding certain traditional teaching methods may be a positive step for education especially in the math and science departments. Hands-on lab exercises have begun to dominate the landscape of science classes, replacing the traditional methods of passive-student lectures. True experimentation and exploration of scientific principles is encouraged and highlighted in many classrooms and seem to be much more effective than the traditional "recipe"-driven lab experiences. These interactive approaches have, so far, been proven to be far more effective teaching techniques than the traditional ones. However, even through these techniques the scoring on standardized tests are still disappointingly low in America especially in comparison to students of…...

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References

Hake R.R. (1998) "Interactive-engagement vs. traditional methods: A six-thousand- student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses." American Journal of Physics, 66 (1), 64-74.

National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment, National Research

Council (1996) National science education standards. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.

Watters, J.J., Diezmann, C.M., Grieshaber, S.J., & Davis, J.M. (2000) Enhancing science education for young children: A contemporary initiative. Australian Journal of Early Childhood 26(2):pp. 1-7.

Granted, she was fortunate that Goldenberg is a noted school change advocate and author. However, if he had not been at the school, she may have been able to find someone else well versed in reform. The important element is collaboration with others who have a knowledge base.
The other important aspect of this article was the example of how the teachers were involved and the results that came from this change. Based on the increased scores of the students, it is easily recognized that there was a fundamental change in the teachers' instruction. Lastly, this article showed that not all changes end in "happy ever after" results. Unfortunately, the changes were not continued from one generation of teachers to the next.

There are a few elements that are missing in this article. The first is what happened to Sullivan and her involvement with this school change. Did she leave, and…...

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References

Tinsley, R. (2006) Successful School Change. Catholic Education 10(1), 115-117

School Choice
Throughout the nation the American public has clamored for school change and reform. One of the alternatives that has moved to the forefront of the arena is the ability of parents to choose the public school that their children will attend without geographic boundaries and mandates.

Experts continue to debate whether or not school choice ability will force the hand of the public school system to make the desired changes. Some believe that parents having the ability to move their children to the school of their choice will force all schools to improve to compete, while others think it will harm the economically disadvantaged schools with little benefit to the then overcrowded wealthy schools. This paper presents a research proposal that addresses the question of school choice. This might include the choice to choose a different public school, choose to home school, and choose private school or another choice.

The paper…...

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References

CHESTER E. FINN, JR. & REBECCA L. GAU, New ways of education. Vol. no130, The Public Interest, 01-15-1998.

Gail Russell Chaddock, Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor, Public schools enter a new world of competition., The Christian Science Monitor, 03-30-1999, pp FEATURES,.

Author not available, As home schooling rises, districts fail to meet needs., USA Today, 08-21-2002, pp 09A.

Author not available, What's so liberal about keeping children in dreadful schools?., The Washington Post, 02-23-2003, pp B08.

School Personnel Functions
Personnel functions and their relationship to moving an instructional agenda forward

Ultimately, a school's reputation lies in the hands of its teachers. Hiring, training, and retaining highly effective personnel to give instruction in the classroom must be the cornerstone of any effort to improve education at a school. Without good teachers to impart instruction, the best textbooks, goals, and procedures will not be meaningful. Teaching, however, is a skill as well as a gift, and the administration can strive to support teachers with specific programming efforts.

Hiring and assignments

The first step in creating a more effective educational environment is hiring new teachers that support the mission and values of the school. Given that teachers are likely to be a part of the educational environment for some time, it is essential that teachers are 'on board' with the principal's agenda. ecruiting top candidates from high-quality colleges and universities and being open…...

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References

Crowther, F. (1997). Teachers as leaders - an exploratory framework. The International Journal

of Educational Management, 11(1), 6-13. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/229204018?accountid=10901 

Gordon, R., Kane, T.J., & Staiger, D.O. (2006). Identifying effective teachers using performance on the job. The Hamilton Project Policy Brief no. 2006-01. Brookings Institution. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/62008957?accountid=10901 ;

Olsen, B., & Sexton, D. (2009). Threat rigidity, school reform, and how teachers view their work inside current education policy contexts. American Educational Research Journal, 46(1),

(235)
Conant challenged a very old standard with regard to education, as he identified that making decisions about who is given opportunity and who is excluded should be based on merit and ability rather than wealth, privilege and race. (235) His actions and ideals drive the continued utilization of federal student aide, even today, as well as the expansion of scholarship offering, both public and private as his work redefined the determination of who deserves education and who does not. (235-237) in a speech given by Conant he stressed that education in the past had fostered social stratification and in so doing created a potential situation of unrest among those who could not receive it. This Conant warned was the seed of revolution and the only manner in which to change this reality, he warned was through educational opportunity, "the chances of a nonrevolutionary development of our nation in the…...

The case snowballed and grew until the nation viewed Zelmanv Simmons-Harris as the test case to try the legal boundary between church and state. It was also looked to for the purpose of redefining the meaning and scope of public education in America.

Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1995, the Cleveland Scholarship and Tutoring Program allows 4,000 low-income children to attend private religious and secular schools with up to $2,250 in public support (Vitteritti, 2002). Participating schools must cap their tuition at $2,500 a year; the state pays up to 90% of whatever the school charges, depending on family income (Vitteritti, 2002). Following a high-profile legal battle, the program was upheld by the Ohio Supreme Court in 1999, prompting opponents to take their case into federal court (Vitteritti, 2002). On the day before school was to open that year, federal district court judge Solomon Oliver struck down the program, ruling…...

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References

Text of U.S. Supreme Court decision: Zelman, superintendent of Public Instruction of Ohio, et al. v. Simmons-Harris et al. (Features). Journal of Church and State | Date: June 22, 2002 | More results for: Zelman vs. Simmons-Harris No. 00-1751 536 U.S. -- (2002) Argued February 20, 2002 Decided June 27, 2002

Vouchers on trail: will the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Zelman end the voucher debate? (Feature).(Statistical Data Included) Education Next | Date: June 22, 2002 | Author: Viteritti, Joseph P. | More results for: Zelman vs. Simmons-Harris

Zelman: the court gets it right. (Opinion).(school voucher case)

First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life | Date: January 1, 2003 | Author: Uhlmann, Michael M. | More results for: Zelman vs. Simmons-Harris

Teaching at the university level and at the grade school level can be vastly different. Institutional differences account for the largest part of the disparities between these ostensibly similar careers, but methodological differences also exist. Teaching is considered the primary focus of the grade school teacher's career, whereas university professors are often academic scholars rather than educators and teaching for such people is far less important than academic research.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, one in four Americans are enrolled in educational institutions. Education is the largest industry in the country, accounting for nearly 12 million jobs. Most of these people teach at the grade school level. Teaching is considered a trade rather than a profession: teachers are usually unionized. Teaching positions constitute almost half of all educational services jobs and require at least a bachelor's degree. Most school districts give their employees incentives to pursue further education; typically…...

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Howard Gardner; Reflections on multiple intelligences: myths and messages. Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 77, 1995 help students delve more deeply into subjects introduced in elementary school. Middle and secondary school teachers specialize in a specific academic subject, such as English, mathematics, or history, or a vocational area, such as automobile mechanics, business education, or computer repair. Some supervise extracurricular activities after school and help students deal with academic problems and choose courses, colleges, and careers.

Special education teachers work with students - from toddlers to those in their early 20s - who have a variety of learning and physical disabilities. Most special education teachers are found at the elementary school level. Using the general education curriculum, special education teachers modify instruction to meet a student's special needs. They also help special education students develop emotionally, be comfortable in social situations, and be aware of socially acceptable behavior.

Postsecondary teachers, or faculty as they are usually called, generally are organized into departments or divisions, based on subject or field. They teach and advise college students and perform a significant part of our Nation's research. They also consult with government, business, nonprofit, and community organizations. They prepare lectures, exercises, and laboratory experiments; grade exams and papers; and advise and work with students individually. Postsecondary teachers keep abreast of developments in their field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues and businesses, and participating in professional conferences. They also do their own research to expand knowledge in their field, often publishing their findings in scholarly journals, books, and electronic media..

Education leads to better economic opportunities and even if it is not the sole purpose of schooling, we must bear in mind that deeper understanding of the connection between education and economy can lead to formulation and implementation of positive result-oriented school reforms. The paper presents evidence to prove that there exists a deep and significant link between education and economic opportunities.
SCHOOLING AND ECONOMY: EVIDENCE

While most of us want to adorn ourselves with the best education available to us, we do so not exactly to broaden our intellectual horizons but to access better job opportunities once we enter the real world. This shows that schooling is closely connected with better lives or more opportunities. Does that also mean that better education would lead to better jobs in future and poor education would only add to poverty? Unfortunately yes, it does work that way. Education is indeed so intricately connected with…...

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References

Florida's intellectual infrastructure: http://www.newcornerstoneonline.com/PDFs/FLCor_Brochure_Chap3.pdf

Sherman Dorn, "Schooling, Open Sponsorship and Political choices," 2002

Defining the Terms in "Exploring the Factors Influencing Student Dropout Rates"

1. Student Dropout

Student dropout refers to the phenomenon where students permanently leave formal education before completing a designated level of schooling. It encompasses individuals who withdraw from school without enrolling in another educational institution or obtaining a diploma or degree.

2. Dropout Rate

The dropout rate is a measure of the proportion of students who leave school before completing a specific level of education. It is typically calculated as the number of students who drop out during a given period divided by the total number of students enrolled at the beginning of....