Children in this program would learn practical skills needed to grow the plants. The food produced could be donated to the area families and to shelters, helping the participants develop the bond of commitment to their community. Furthermore, since gardening demands significant involvement in terms of time, children who participate in the gardening program would have less time to be idle or to participate in criminal activities.

The development of the last bond - belief - is a long-term goal, one that students achieve when they accept social values as their own. It is hoped that by helping to develop the bonds of attachment, commitment and involvement, Bowers Park After-school gardening program will nurture the growth of children who will grow into productive, well-adjusted citizens who develop the bonds…...

Another area that can be discussed in this section is the evidence of improvement in other after-school programs throughout the country. According to a study conducted by the University of California,
A two-year longitudinal Study of Promising After-School Programs examined the effects of participation in quality after school programs among almost 3,000 youth in 35 elementary and middle school after school programs located in 14 cities and 8 states. New findings from that study indicate that elementary and middle school students who participated in high-quality after school programs, alone or in combination with other activities, across two years demonstrated significant gains in standardized math test scores, when compared to their peers who were regularly unsupervised after school. Further, regular participation in after school programs was associated with improvements in work habits and task persistence. (Vandell, 2007)

The final area that investors are particularly interested in is whether their funds are being…...

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Works Cited

Gardener, M., Roth, J., Brooks-Gunn, J. (2009). Can After-school Programs Help Level the Academic Playing Field for Disadvantaged Youth? Columbia University: Campaign for Educational Equity. Available at http://cms.tc.columbia.edu/i/a/document/11242_After-school_report_10-7-09_web.pdf

Vandell, D., Reisner, E., & Pierce, K. (2007). Outcomes linked to high-quality afterschool programs: Longitudinal findings from the study of promising practices. Irvine, CA:

University of California and Washington, DC: Policy Studies Associates. Available at http://www.gse.uci.edu/docs/PASP%20Final%20Report.pdf

Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., & Pachan, M. (2010). A Meta-Analysis of After-School
Programs hat Seek to Promote Personal and Social Skills in Children and Adolescents. American Journal Of Community Psychology, 45(3/4), 294-309. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9300-6

he main idea of the study is to gauge the impact of after-school programs by evaluating a substantial sample of studies related to the subject, identifying various outcomes, variables, and locating themes or characteristics identified with positive outcomes (Durlak et el., 2010, p. 294). he study also emphasizes the role of after-school programs in building or strengthening personal and social benefits to those who enroll in them. Durlak et al. utilize a meta-analysis method in order to assess the efficacy of after-school programs in their promotion of personal/social skills in children and adolescents. hey located and reviewed 75 reports examining 69 separate after-school programs. Using a standardized mean difference (SMD), the researchers developed an index of effect…...

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This study attempts to fill a gap in literature on how parental management of adolescents' social skills relates to parental management of peers. The main objective of the study is to identify predictors as to what can produce positive outcomes in the parent-peer relationship. The study uses a mostly white sample and utilizes a questionnaire, survey method in order to obtain data on parental goals, management of peers, and their perception of youths' social skills. Adolescents also completed a questionnaire about how they viewed their social skills. The surveys were then compared and path analysis used to interpret the data. The researchers found that having goals was associated with positive outcomes in adolescent development and that parental beliefs are instrumental in forming the social skill levels of youths in the long run (Mounts, 2011, p. 416).

The study's strengths lie in its clear, consistent approach to the issue highlighted in its introduction; it makes strong and effective use of prior literature in order to establish a substantial and rational basis for its purpose. It clearly defines the methodology and how results were obtained, and it discusses findings in a relevant and insightful manner that is consistent with the scope and aim of the study. It identifies predictors of parental management of peer relationships and also identifies a number of variables associated with outcomes, such as assertiveness, responsibility, empathy and self-control, all of which are meaningful in the overall assessment of positive development of youths' social skills (Mounts, 2011, p. 420). The study has no methodological weaknesses and is thoroughly explanatory and logical.

The study is helpful in my own study as it could be used to frame the directional course of my interaction with the issue of using golf programs to help develop positive skills in youths of different backgrounds. The main finding of the study, that positive beliefs, goals and trends in caring adults positively impacts the development of social skills in youths, is a strong support for my study and may be discussed in detail in my study's literature review section, as it gives a quantitative analysis of how effective positive leadership is in the lives of under-developed youths who stand to benefit from positive intervention, such as an after-school program like golfing, which can help them to develop their personality, social and academic skills accordingly.

Extra Curriculum- After School ProgramDay 1Topic OutcomeKnitting Circle Skill TaughtThings That Make Me HappyIntroduction to Knitting, Crocheting, and Sewing. Scholars will watch three videos: Who Invented Crochet? The Interesting History of Crochet,History of Knitting! 10th Century to Modern Times, andLearn About the History of Quilting and How Quilts are MadeScholars will analyze each video to picture their success before they aim for it. As scholars will illustrate and label goals, they would like to attain and share through topic discussions within a circle of scholars.The knitting circle skill taught will help scholars practice patience, inspire creativity, and enhance mathematical skill sets.Scholars will start to identify the things they do that make them happy.Day 2Topic OutcomeCrocheting Circle SkillThings That Make Me HappyScholars will warm up this session with discussion questions on the three videos watched or other concerns they might have in learning the key terms, practices, crocheting, knitting, and sewing…...

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References7 Elements of Interior Design. (2019, June 3). Www.flooringamerica.com.   S., & Young, K. L. (2013). Leveraged interests: Financial industry power and the role of private sector coalitions. Review of International Political Economy, 21(3), 575–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2013.819811https://www.flooringamerica.com/blog/7-elements-of-interior-design Pagliari,

Coalition for School Program for Anchor Babies
Anchor babies who are left in the United States with distant family or foster homes due to the deportation of their parents back to their native land have become major concerns because of the difficult living conditions they undergo. According to O'Neil (2012), thousands of families have been forced to deal with the huge number of deportations, which implies that a significant number of children in the United States are left without a parent. This tendency has continued despite promises by the government that it would not break up families even if parents live in the United States illegitimately but instead focus on deporting criminals. Since these children suffer from trauma and increasingly need help to handle these conditions, the establishment of a school program would play a crucial role in providing necessary support. The establishment of this school program for anchor babies in…...

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References

O'Neil, H. (2015, August 25). U.S.-Born Kids of Deported Parents Struggle As Family Life Is 'Destroyed.' The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/25/us-born-kids-deported-parents_n_1830496.html 

Ross, J. (2015, August 23). Commentary: The Myth of the 'Anchor Baby' Deportation Defense. Portland Press Herald. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from  http://www.pressherald.com/2015/08/23/commentary-the-myth-of-the-anchor-baby-deportation-defense/ 

Scott, M. (2015, August 27). What Everyone Misses About Anchor Babies. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from http://www.tpnn.com/2015/08/27/what-everyone-misses-about-anchor-babies/

School esponse to Student Suicide: Postvention
The emotional impact on family and friends following an adolescent suicide - and the school's response to a suicide - has not been the subject of the same level of intense research as have: a) the causes of suicides; and b) programs to prevent suicides. However, there is now an emerging body of solid research on what protocol a school can put into place, to be more prepared in the unfortunate circumstance of a teen suicide. Indeed, on the subject of tragedy, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many schools and communities re-tooled their crisis/response plans for dealing with such threats. And yet, in many ways, the sudden, inexplicable death of a student can cause serious psychological ramifications to fellow students on a part with the shockwaves following an attack by terrorists. And hence, this paper analyzes literature that is…...

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References

American Association of Suicidology (2003). Remembering Our Children:

Parents of Suicides, A Memorial to Our Precious Sons & Daughters.  http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/parentsofsuicide/page1.html 

Bratter, Thomas Edward (2003). Surviving Suicide: Treatment Challenges for Gifted, Angry, Drug Dependent Adolescents. International Journal of Reality

Therapy, XXII, 32-36.

The court easily could have come to a contrary result, given that it denied most of the allegations of the plaintiff, other than the specific contention that the nature of this specific advertising was particularly inconsistent with state educational statues and school board policy. Even the plaintiff conceded that advertising in the form of school vending machines, yearbooks, sports scorecards, etc. had long been tolerated in schools, and would continue to be tolerated.
Question 2: What guidelines may administrators who are considering potential educational uses of commercially driven Internet technology draw from the above opinion?

The guidelines for school administers regarding advertising thus remain blurry. Video advertising is acceptable, but not the type of video advertising on Channel One. Regarding Internet advertising, it would seem that using the Internet to research material on websites where advertising may appear would be analogous to the permissible practice of taping programs from the television…...

They predict age and gender variations relate to bullying concerns. Of the 25 cartoons implemented in the study, two depict characters with different shades of skin color where skin color appeared to be an issue. One cartoon relating to sexual orientation was not used in several countries. Smith et al. report Olweus to assert bullying to be characterized by the following three criteria:
1. It is aggressive behavior or intentional "harmdoing"

2. which carried out repeatedly and over time

3. In an interpersonal relationship characterized by an imbalance of power. (Smith et al., 2002, p. 1120)

In their study, Smith et al. (2002), participating researchers in the 14 countries to completed the following

1. Listed and selected bullying terms as well as social exclusion in the applicable language.

2. Used fundamental focus groups with participating children to confirm usage and extensive comprehensive of terms.

3. Using cartoons, sorted tasks to describe ways terms relating to bullying…...

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REFERENCES

Anti-Bullying programs for schools. (2009). NoBully.com. Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://www.nobully.com/index.html 

Beaty, L.A., & Alexeyev, E.B. (2008). The Problem of School Bullies: What the Research Tells Us. Adolescence, 43(169), 1+. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5026476147 

Beran, T.N., Tutty, L. & Steinrath, G. (2004). An evaluation of a bullying prevention program for elementary schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology. Vol. 19, Iss. 1/2, p. 99

116 . Retrieved March 3, 2010 from  http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188387401&Fmt=4&clientId=9269&RQT=30

And when the parent comes to an event held in the classroom, it makes good sense to have interpreters available, and "invite the extended family," which of course is a very welcoming act of kindness and good judgment. The other parent in this list of "types" is the "Busy Parent," who is a person with a work schedule that is hard to get a hold of, or plan meetings for. Get the cell phone number of parents like this, and the email addresses, and "continue to send home their children's work on a regular basis, including writing samples, artwork, and test copies" - and even consider taking digital photos of class activities and attaching those pictures to emails that go to parents.
On a more serious note, the literature on school administration duties as far as training staff to be parent-active and family-friendly offers an article called "here's the Ministry…...

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Works Cited

Beaudoin, Nelson. (2006). Giving Stakeholders a Voice. Educational Leadership, 63(8), 74-75.

Flannery, Mary Ellen. (2005). A field guide to parents: famed for its vast appetite for information

And ability to protect its offspring, the parent genus has nonetheless eluded scientific study.

Until now. NEA Today, 24(2), 36-38.

This is discussed at length by Fusick and ordeau (2004) "...school-based counselors need to be aware of the disturbing inequities that exist in predominantly Afro-American urban school districts, where nearly 40% of Afro-American students attend school in the United States" (Fusick and ordeau, 2004) This again places emphasis on the need for mental health programs in these areas of concern. This is also related to findings from a study by McDavis et al. (1995) Counseling African-Americans, which refers to research that stresses the "...widening achievement gap between Afro-American and Euro-American students." (McDavis, et al. 1995)
An important study Laura a. Nabors, Evaluation of Outcomes for Adolescents Receiving School-ased Mental Health Services (2002) refers to the particular issue and problems experience at inner-city schools. The author states that, "School mental health (SMH) programs are an important setting for providing mental health services to adolescents, especially urban youth who typically face in-…...

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Bibliography.aspx www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308

Smith, P.B., Buzi, R.S., & Weinman, M.L. (2001). Mental Health Problems and Symptoms among Male Adolescents Attending a Teen Health Clinic. Adolescence, 36(142), 323. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001042308 

Stern, S.B., Smith, C.A., & Jang, S.J. (1999). Urban Families and Adolescent Mental Health. Social Work Research, 23(1), 15. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001243622 

Sternberg, R.J., & Dennis, M.J. (1997). Elaborating Cognitive Psychology through Linkages to Psychology as a Helping Profession. Teaching of Psychology, 24(3), 246-249. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77001228 

Stock, M.R., Morse, E.V., Simon, P.M., Zeanah, P.D., Pratt, J.M., & Sterne, S. (1997). Barriers to School-Based Health Care Programs. Health and Social Work, 22(4), 274+. Retrieved December 9, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000581383

The author of the article, "Achieving the Challenge: Meeting Standards in the Continuation High School" (Stits, 2001) related that "prior to 1983, many continuation high schools existed in districts where expectations were limited to keeping the students in school as much as possible," and also the ideas was to keep those continuation students "away from the traditional high school campus." The implication was clear: there was a stigma that students in continuation school were bad seeds, and the idea was to keep them away from the mainstream lest they have a negative effect on the "good students" in the regular high school.
But eventually, the image of continuations schools in California changed, as communities more and more were trying to prevent school dropouts, and the need for a high school diploma became more important, as well, Stits writes.

HO DO CONTINUATION SCHOOLS OPERATE?

In an article in the journal Thrust for Educational…...

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Works Cited

Arlington Public Schools. (2005). Alternative Education: Purpose, Mission, Beliefs. Retrieved Nov. 10, 2007, at  http://www.apsva.us/hsc .

Community College Week. (2004). R.I. Plan Would Help at-risk Students.

Hardy, Lawrence. (2007). Children at Risk: Graduation Day. American School Board Journal,

No. 37907. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2007, at  http://www.asbj.com .

Several areas, if poorly designed, can lead to violent and criminal behavior, including parking lots, isolated spots on campus, locker rooms, and corridors. Often, violent behavior occurs in these areas when adults are not present (Astor, Meyer, and Behre, 1999, p. 3). Designing schools with more open areas, more planned classrooms, and a more defined perimeter can create a safer, less violent campus by creating a more functional and enjoyable educational experience. Thus, older, poorly designed schools often attract more violent behavior.
Location can also be a risk factor in certain schools, although that is not always the case. Another researcher notes, "Some urban schools are located [...] in slum neighborhoods where drug sellers routinely kill one another, as well as innocent bystanders, on the streets surrounding the school" (Toby, 1994, p.169). Children growing up in violence prone neighborhoods such as these may simply accept violence as a way of…...

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References

Astor, R.A. Meyer, H.A. And Behre, W.J. (1999). Unowned places and times: Maps and interviews about violence in high schools. American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1, 3-42.

Crowe, T.D. (1990). Designing safer schools. School Safety. 43-47.

Jenkins, P.H.(1997). School delinquency and the school social bond. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 34 No. 3, 337-367.

May, D.C. (September 1999). Scared kids, unattached kids, or peer pressure: Why do students carry firearms to school? Youth & Society, Vol. 31 No. 1, 100-127.

Gang Prevention Programs in Los Angeles
The issue of gangs and the gang related deaths and violence has been a thing of concern across the nation and in Los Angeles in particular due to the alarming high levels of gang activities within the city. Los Angeles City has been described severally as the "gang capital" of the nation, due to the numerous gangs that are in existence as well as the long history of these gangs, going back to 50 years ago. Los Angeles Police Department (2016) there are approximately 450 active gangs in Los Angeles with a membership exceeding 45,000 members. The membership of these gangs has continued to increase over the last five years due to the lucrative narcotics trade. Over the last three years, it is documented that 16,398 violent crimes were associated to gang activities, 491 of these being homicides and 7,0478 being felony assaults, 98 rapes…...

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References

A Better LA, (2016). Funded Programs: R.A.C.E. Retrieved April 29, 2016 from  http://www.abetterla.org/programs/ 

Basheer A., (2016). B.U.I.L.D. Brotherhood for Independent Leadership through Discipline. Retrieved April 29, 2016 from  http://www.streetgangs.com/homicides/build.html 

H.E.L.P.E.R Foundation, (2016). HELPER: Our Mission. Retrieved April 29, 2016 from http://www.helperfoundation.org/

Los Angeles Police Department (2016). Gangs. Retrieved April 29, 2016 from  http://www.lapdonline.org/get_informed/content_basic_view/1396

Establishing Consultation and Collaboration in a School
Calgary Public School Board has hired a resource teacher for an elementary/junior high school, which has 16 teachers and 325 students i.e. 150 and 175 students at elementary and junior high levels respectively. The school principal has indicated his desire to create some form of consultation and collaboration in the school. While the school has in the past referred students with special needs to special education placements in other schools, those with learning and behavioral difficulties have been removed from the resource room because they could not be placed in a district program. The former resource teacher did not work in collaboration with other teachers and stakeholders. As the new resource teacher, it's important to establish suitable measures for consultation and collaboration to help address the needs of special education students. Such a platform will help in dealing with the different cases in…...

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References

Bos, C.S. & Vaughn, S. (2000). Strategies for teaching students with learning and behavior problems (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Dettmer, P., Thurston, L.P. & Dyck, N.J. (2005). Foundations and Frameworks for Collaborative School Consultation. In Consultation, collaboration, and teamwork for students with special needs (5th ed., chap. 2, pp.35-66). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Feldman, E.S. & Kratochwill, T.R. (2003). Problem Solving Consultation in Schools: Past, Present, and Future Directions. The Behavior Analyst Today, 4(3), 318-330.

Stanberry, K. (2016, December 19). Transition Planning for Students with IEPs. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from  http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/transition-planning-for-students-with-ieps/

Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the school funding approaches of the state of Illinois and the District of Columbia. It shows that in Illinois there is a far greater problem of how to achieve a more equitable distribution of funds, though the state is currently setting a course to try to make this happen with its evidence-based model funding formula recently passed this year. In DC on the other hand, a foundation formula is used to disperse funds equitably throughout the District and private investment is obtained to help develop programs that can assist in closing the achievement gap. DC is thus better structured and its school funding approach better supported to achieve success over the long run.
Keywords: school funding, dc, Illinois, education
School Funding Investigation:
Comparing and Contrasting Illinois and Washington, D.C.
Introduction
Funding for schools is a controversial topic for many mainly because of the lack of discernible equitability evident throughout the…...

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that suggests that people have different levels of needs. They cannot focus on higher needs until their lower needs are met. This hierarchy has applications in many areas of life, so you can find a ton of articles on the theory.

In Maslow’s theory, needs ascend in the following order

• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• Love and social belonging needs
• Esteem needs
• Cognitive needs
• Aesthetic needs
• Self-actualization (added later in expanded needs)
• Transcendence (added later in expanded needs)

Until a person has met their lower needs they do not have the resources to focus on meeting higher needs.

Some sources you could....

Here are 25 essay topics related to cyberbullying:

1. The Psychological Impact of Cyberbullying on Teenagers
2. Comparative Analysis of Cyberbullying Laws Across Different Countries
3. The Role of Social Media Platforms in Preventing Cyberbullying
4. Cyberbullying: A Modern Challenge in Digital Parenting
5. How Cyberbullying Influences Academic Performance in Schools
6. The Effectiveness of School Programs in Combating Cyberbullying
7. The Intersection of Cyberbullying and Gender
8. Analyzing the Long-term Effects of Being a Cyberbully
9. The Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Mental Health Disorders
10. Technological Solutions to Detect and Prevent Cyberbullying
11. Cyberbullying: An Emerging Issue in Workplace Harassment
12. The Role of Bystanders in Cyberbullying Scenarios
13. Cyberbullying Among Celebrities: Public Scrutiny and Personal Impact
14. Understanding the Psychological Profile of a Cyberbully
15. The Influence....