However, this only fanned the enthusiasm of Dali's fans who published a richly illustrated feature in the April 7, 1941 issue of Life. It declared that Dali's lack of dignity, his instant appreciation of the sensibilities of the press, are indication of the timeliness of his mind, but go deeper than that." In his autobiography, "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali," published in 1942, he wrote that he withdrew from modern art styles and devoted himself to reasserting the classical traditions of Renaissance and aroque art. He stressed that this decision was an apolitical one, although it clearly favored the old master values. These values signified his alignment with totalitarian regimes, which eventually made him an outcast (Stuckey).#
SUMMARY

Salvador Dali was born in Figueras in Northern Spain and raised according to his passion for art. From the age of 10, he showed extraordinary talent in the field, which his father,…...

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Bibliography

Artelino. Salvador Dali Biography. Artelino GmbH, 2007. http://www.artelino.com/articles/salvador_dali.asp

Giralt-Miracle, Daniel. Gaudi and Dail, the Art of Excess. UNESCO Courier, May 1989. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Great Masters. Salvador Dali - a Surrealist from Head to Toes. Artcult, 1999. http://www.artcult.com/dali.htm

Stuckey, Charles. The Persistence of Dali. Art in America: Brant Publications, March 2005.

Several aspects of his style can be readily seen in his most famous work, The Persistence of Memory (1931, oil on canvas), presently held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In this painting, Dali creates a very haunting allegory of space in which the existence of time is no more. The barren landscape, without a well-defined horizon, appears to drift into infinity, much like the mind of a person during the dream state, and is lit by a very eerie sun, far below the horizon and in a perpetual state of setting. In the foreground, what appears to be an unidentified and mysterious sleeping creature draped with a melting pocket watch. Another pocket watch, much like melting plastic, hangs from the branch of a dead tree, while another watch drips half-way over the edge of a rectangular block.

These watches are also infested with ants and a…...

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Bibliography

Gaunt, William. Painters of Fantasy: From Hieronymous Bosch to Salvador Dali. New York: Phaidon Press, 1974.

Morse, A. Reynolds. A New Introduction to Salvador Dali. Cleveland, OH: Salvador Museum Series, 1971.

Soby, James Thrall. Salvador Dali. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1946.

The Editors of the Art Gallery web site, state, "He surmised that the nature of reality would be fully explained by science soon enough, and that the very basis of life would prove to be a spiral. Indeed, when Crick and Watson discovered the double helix strand nature of the DNA molecule in 1953, Dali was somewhat vindicated in his theories" (Editors). Dali's classically trained mind often moved faster than those around him and his ideas were often unacceptable to more traditional thinkers.
After the War ended in 1945, Dali was free to travel back to Europe, but he did not leave the U.S. until 1948. He continued to live in Europe and the United States on and off, and finally died in his hometown, where he is buried. One of the biggest influences on his life was his mistress, and later his wife, Gala Eluard. He met her in…...

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References

Basquin, Kit. "Salvador Dali: Images of the Surreal." School Arts Apr. 1992: 33+.

Editors. "Salvador Dali Art Gallery." Dali-gallery.com. 2004. 29 Dec. 2004. http://www.dali-gallery.com/html/dali.php

Shaw-Eagle, Joanna. "Dali." The Washington Times 22 Apr. 2000: 1.

Paintings
Both Salvador Dali and Raphael incorporated Christian imagery into their paintings. Raphael renders a scene from the life of Christ in "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints." The painting is rendered on wood, with oil and gold leaf. It was designed to be a panel installed in a church: meaning that the painting had a cultural, religious, and ritualistic context as opposed to being art for art's sake. In Dali's "Crucifixion," the artist works firmly within his genre as a surrealist, and reinvents Christ on the canvas. Dali paints art for art's sake; this unconventional rendition of Christ would not have been commissioned by clergy as Raphael's was. However, Dali was heavily influenced by Catholicism. The artist is not being sacrilegious or even irreverent here; but Dali is reinventing Christ's image and that of the crucifixion. Painted in oil on canvas, "The Crucifixion" bears remarkable similarities to Raphael's religious painting.…...

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Works Cited

Dali, Salvador. "The Crucifixion." Painting. 1954

Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio). "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints." Painting, ca. 1504.

There is a juxtaposition of the real and the unreal: the viewer recognizes a cliff in the background and the table top seems normal, but melting clocks surely do not. The composition is ironic in the sense that the subject matter seems real and concrete but the images are conveyed in wholly unnatural ways like they would be in a dream.
As Gamboni as well as Chipp and Selz state, Dali developed the phrase "paranoic-critical" to describe the method and action by which he worked. The term "paranoic-critical" refers to the hyper-aware nature of time that is evident in "The Persistence of Memory." Imbuing the phrase also with the word "critical" shows that the artist was not solely relying on instinctual emotion in the construction of his paintings. Rather, some sort of critical awareness or critical thinking was used to compose paintings as seemingly random as "The Persistence of Memory."…...

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Works Cited

Chipp, Herschell Browning and Selz, Peter Howard. Theories of Modern Art. University of California Press, 1968.

Gamboni, Dario. Potential Images. Reaktion, 2002.

McNesse, Tim & Dali, Salvadore. Salvadore Dali. Infobase, 2006.

Incase paint needed to be removed from the painting it was done using a palette knife. When the painting was finished and had dried for almost on year, the work was sealed with a vanish layer.
This particular artwork is figurative. This is because the painting has combined symbolism with optical illusions as well as the estranging of familiar motifs which leads to the creation of a visual language.

Subject matter of the painting

This painting was made as a retrospective look of life by Dali. The whole scene of the painting is within a bullfighting ring.in the painting; Dali has effectively displayed the dislike his wife has for bull fighting.

The formal aspect of the work and subject matter work together to create a significant meaning and content which can be interpreted easily. This is through the use of the various colors in the painting. The bullfighting is submerged under red and…...

Modernism in art triumphed from the 19th century onward and in the early 20th century virtually changed the way art came to be perceived. From the Abstractionists to the Cubists to the Surrealists to the followers of Dada, the modernists continually reinvented themselves with newer and wilder movements, firmly rejecting tradition and all its preoccupations. It was only fitting, however, that modern artists should break so completely with the past: modern society had split from the old world with the Protestant Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, the Scientific Revolution, and the Romantic Era, all of which followed one on the heels of the other. This paper will trace the history of the final era -- the modernist -- by examining five works of five different painters of the modernist era: Franz Marc's "Fate of the Animals," Pablo Picasso's "Guitar and Violin," Marcel Duchamp's "found" artwork "Fountain," Salvador Dali's Surrealist masterpiece…...

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Bibliography

Dali, Salvador. "The Persistence of Memory." Wikipaintings. Web. 14 Feb 2013.

Duchamp, Marcel. "Fountain." Tate.org.uk. Web. 14 Feb 2013.

Greenberg, Clement. "Avant-Garde and Kitsch." Art and Culture. MA: Beacon Press,

1961.

Art Critique
Critique of Surreal and Post-Impressionist Works of Art

Dali's Autumn Cannibalism (1936) http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/dali_retrospective/dali_pma_05_07.htm

Salvador Dali is one of the great and mercurial figures in art history. The surrealistic Spanish painter was influenced heavily by the tumultuous period of history in which he lived and by the haunting images in his own psyche. Both are on dramatic display in the 1936 piece, "Autumn Cannibalism." Here, Dali paints a depiction of the military conflict tearing his motherland apart from within, offering us this terrifying rendering of civil war as seen through the eyes of one consumed by it.

In the confrontation between the social commentary and the internal reflection that comprise this piece, Dali creates a piece that is decidedly representative of the surrealist movement both in aesthetic and motif. In spite of Dali's incredible influence, surrealism was ultimately a short-lived movement, leaving its impression on the art world through a peak lasting from…...

Dadaism and Surrealism
"It is not the fear of madness which will oblige us to leave the flag of imagination furled." ~ Andre Breton, "Manifesto of Surrealism"

The world of art is always influenced by the historical moment in which the movement originated. The concepts of Dadaism and surrealism were the direct product of artists witnessing the atrocities of the First orld ar which would become even more unpalatable during the events of the Second orld ar (Hoffman 2-3). The visual presentation of both movements can be initially jarring. Dadaism has been described as "anti-art." Instead of beautiful icons of religious scenes or young women, the paintings of this movement are often images of war and violence painted in harsh colors to illustrate the harshness of the world around the artist . Surrealism is by the very definition of surreal, something beyond what the normal person can understand (Claybourne 4). Jose Pierre,…...

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Works Cited:

Breton, Andre. "Manifesto of Surrealism." 1924. Print.

Claybourne, Anna. Surrealism. UK: Heinemann. 2009. Print.

"Clocking in with Salvador Dali: Salvador Dali's Melting Watches." Salvador Dali Museum.

Print.

Persistence of Memory
Between the horrors of World War I and the misery and death of World War II, writers and artists searched for answers and ways to find some peace of mind. With the introduction of Sigmund Freud's theory of the subconscious, a group of painters hoped that they could find these answers within the genius of their own minds. Perhaps, under the layers of rational thought and visions of the real world in front of them, they could reunite conscious and unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world of existence in "an absolute reality, a surreality." As Freud once noted: "A dream that is not interpreted is like a letter that is not opened." Surrealism offered the opportunity to push the envelop and find the truth. Thus, rose the very nontraditional artistic movement of Surrealism,…...

Dim through the misty panes and thick green light,/as under a green sea, I saw him drowning./in all my dreams before my helpless sight / He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning./if in some smothering dreams, you too could pace/Behind the wagon that we flung him in,/and watch the white eyes writhing in his face,/His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,/if you could hear, at every jolt, the blood/Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs/Bitter as the cud / of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, -- / My friend, you would not tell with such high zest/to children ardent for some desperate glory,/the old Lie: Dulce et decorum est / Pro patria mori. (Owen)

This is not how Owen "might" respond to patriotism this is a direct assault upon it. The words of Dali ring true as the toll of war is counted up among the youthful wasted lives…...

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References

Owen, W, Anthem for Doomed Youth, at  http://www.englishverse.com/poems/anthem_for_doomed_youth 

On Seeing a Piece of Our Artillery Brought into Action, at  http://www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Wilfred_Owen/1215 

Dulce et Decorum est at  http://www.potw.org/archive/potw3.html 

Remarque, E.M. (1958). All Quiet on the Western Front. Boston: Little Brown.

enaissance and early twentieth century art offer an interesting study in comparison because of their distinctive styles. It is the objective of this paper to describe the definitive characteristics of each period through comparing aphael's Alba Madonna to Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory.
enaissance art is reputed for the unified balance achieved between pictorial considerations of measurable space and the effects of light and color on the one hand, and the artist's personal expression on the other (Pioch, 2002). This unity is evident in aphael's Alba Madonna, a painting that represents the artist's unique style of sweetness of expression. The painting is remarkable because of the manner in which aphael has succeeded in addressing a serious subject within a backdrop of a serene countryside. Indeed, it can be said that he was able to do this precisely because of the use of symmetry, namely, the round format that succeeds in…...

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References

MoMa. (2004). Salvador Dali. The Persistence of memory. Museum of Modern Art.

Retrieved Nov. 12, 2004:  http://www.moma.org/collection/depts/paint_sculpt/blowups/paint_sculpt_016.html 

National Gallery of Art. (2004). From the Tour: Raphael. Retrieved Nov. 12, 2004:

 http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg20/gg20-32.0.html

Freud and Surrealism
Art and science are strongly interrelated fields. It has been through the recognition of the compatibility between art and science that some of the greatest achievements in both areas have been created. It was Michaelangelo, the artist, that made revolutionary anatomical discoveries in the pursuit of art, discoveries which would become an integral part of the development of medicine. The early mapmakers were the first to create mathematical grids, and those principles would be translated into perspective and proportion for artists recreating three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional art. Along this same vein, the scientific study of the mind, psychology, has had a significant impact on art. The father of modern psychology, Sigmund Freud, discovered the metaphysical "psyche" in his search to understand the symptoms of his patients, opening up science and medicine to the world beyond the physical. Artists latched onto his theories about the importance of the subconscious…...

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Bibliography

Dali, Salvador. "One Second Before Awakening from a Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Promegranate." 1944.

Rostrup, Truls. "The Surrealists and Freud." 1996.  http://www.uib.no/people/ssptr/surreal.htm 

Sanchez, Monica. "Surrealism: The Art of Self-Discovery."  http://www.bway.net/~monique/surreal.htm

1
THE ARTISTIC STYLES OF
PALO PICASSO AND SALVADOR DALI

The artistic styles of Pablo Picasso, best known for his high abstractions of the Cubist painting style, and Salvador Dali, one of the most important leaders of the Surrealist movement, have influenced a wide range of artists and are today considered as the quintessential examples of twentieth century art. Picasso as an artist was highly imaginative and original and borrowed heavily from many historical examples which aided him in developing new painting styles. Salvador Dali, like many of his Surrealist contemporaries, sought inspiration from a love for fantasy and studied the writings of Sigmund Freud regarding the human subconscious mind which inspired him to "systemize confusion" through his paintings.
The Cubism style of painting as practiced by Pablo Picasso is best represented by his Accordionist (1911, oil on canvas), a construction of large intersecting planes that suggest the forms of a man with his…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ades, Dawn. Dali and Surrealism. New York: Harper & Row, 1982.

Burger, Peter. Theory of the Avante Garde. Trans. Michael Shaw. University of

Minneapolis, 1984.

Lucie-Smith, Edward. Visual Arts in the Twentieth Century. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice

Hall, 1996.

Politics, Literature & the Arts: Modernism has been discussed as a reaction to modernity: from the following works, is this a fair description?
Modernism is often defined as a chaotic, pastiche-style of rendering the difficulties of modern, industrialized life. The attempted regimentation of modernity becomes, in modernism, exposed for the absurdity that it is through the surrealist and other modernist aesthetics, such as the improvised jazz riff. For example, in the 1928 film "The Andalusian Dog" by the surrealist artist Salvador Dali and the surrealist director Louis Bunuel the pace of the film's absurd depiction of life is harsh, fragmented and full of confusion. It seems to exist in no certain time, place, or within a conventionally identifiable range of historical or social images, and thus is coherent with the impersonal nature of modern life. It is like, to cite Ken Burn's documentary on music, a "jazz" riff on the modern…...

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Works Cited

"The Andalusian Dog." Directed and written by Salvador Dali and Louis Bunuel. 1928.

Benjamin, Walter. "Surrealism and Adorno. " in Critical Theory and Society. Edited by Bronner and Kellner.

"Jazz: A Documentary." Directed by Ken Burns, 2002.