Research Grant
National Institutes of Health Research Grant

This essay examines the application process for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grant through the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Funding Opportunity Title Genomic Resource Grants for Community Resource Projects (U41), Funding Opportunity Announcement Number PAR-11-095.

The NHGRI was established originally as the National Center for Human Genome research in 1989 and led the NIH's contribution to the Human Genome Project. This project had as its primary goal the sequencing of the 3 billion DNA letters that make up the human genetic instruction book and was successfully completed in April 2003.

NHGRI's mission includes a broad range of studies aimed at understanding the structure and function of the human genome and the role it plays in health and disease. The Division of Extramural Research supports and administers the role of NIH in genomic research (NHGRI, 2011). According to the NIH office of Extramural…...

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Works Cited

Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Retrieved August 10, 2011 from:  http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-11-095.html#_3._Additional_Information 

eRA commons. (2011). Online registration. Retrieved August 10, 2011 from:  https://commons.era.nih.gov/commons/registration/registrationInstructions.jsp 

Grants.gov. (2011). Step 2: Register with CCR. Retrieved August 10, 2011 from:  http://www.grants.gov/applicants/org_step2.jsp 

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2011). Mission. Retrieved August 10, 2011 from:  http://www.nih.gov/about/almanac/organization/NHGRI.htm

Research Database Matrix
National Institute of Health's Intramural Database Resources

ocation: http://intramural.nih.gov/index.tml

Description: The stated objective of the NIH Intramural Database is to collect and disseminate data gathered from research projects conducted by the Intramural programs of the Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health. This includes studies commissioned by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and dozens of other national health research institutes. The database also employs a variety of human biospecimen data to index its database holdings, allowing search parameters to be refined according to blood type, cell, or genomic lines.

The NIH Intramural Database is relevant to my topic of interest because it contains dozens scholarly articles on the subject of clinical nursing, including several which pertain solely to the concept of teaching simulation in nursing schools.

The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®)

ocation: https://www.nursingquality.org/Default.aspx

Description: The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®)…...

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Location:  http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl 

Description: Provided by Stanford University, HighWire is touted as the largest archive of free full-text scientific material in existence, as the archive currently assists with the online publication of over 2,300,000 articles which are free to view in their entirety. In addition to the typical search function that most large databases offer, HighWire's main page comes in the form of a scrollable, alphabetical list showing the archive's library of journal titles, with the majority focusing on medical and scientific topics. HighWire contains a total of 1,746 highly respected research journals, and in the vast majority of cases users are granted full access to the articles contained therein. The database's search function is also highly customizable, providing advanced research tools like Instant Index and Citation Map, while also including a convenient button to link HighWire searches to the widely used PubMed database.

The HighWire database is relevant to my subject of interest because it provides instant access to thousands of articles on the connection between bipolar disorder and nursing education, as well as journals which can be used to complement primary research. Psychological, psychiatric, child development, and other journals can be very useful resources when searching for supplementary material that connects to my field of study, and purely medical databases often omit these holdings from their subject-specific holdings.

esearch Participants
• Legal and ethical issues relevant to nursing research

Any kind of breach done with regards to the legal aspects has the likelihood of becoming an issue for litigation. The usual legal concerns associated with nursing research can be split into three:

Ownership of Data:

This can be a legal issue for nursing research that is the topic of a contract and can also come about as a result of rivaling research grants.

Professional Indemnity:

This covers the instance where a nursing researcher is gathering research data in a place that is outside their work setting; the aspect of indemnity has to be taken into account. This is more often than not attained by having a contract between the researcher and the health care facility such as a hospital (Eaton, Cullen, and McMahon, 2014).

Privacy legislation:

In detail, ethics committees have to understand the manner in which the information and data of the participants will be…...

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References

Eaton, S., Cullen, W., & McMahon, D. (2014). What legal and ethical issues should primary care researchers consider in the development and conduct of research involving population health datasets: a discussion paper.

Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams

Research Participant Website. (2015). IRB Guidelines. Retrieved from:  http://analysisofresearchreports.weebly.com/irb-guidelines.html 

Research Participant Website. (2015). Legal Issues. Retrieved from:  http://analysisofresearchreports.weebly.com/legal-and-ethical-issues-relevant-to-nursing-research.html

Werhane & Doering (1997) point out that it is virtually impossible to operate in a totally objective research environment. All researchers have a degree of bias. The goal is to minimize that bias as a variable in empirical research. Focusing on conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment, Werhane & Doering (1997) raise important issues and address critical concerns. The issues of conflict of interest and conflict of commitment are salient especially in the world of business. The interface between science and business frequently presents such a conflict, such as in pharmaceutical research. Informed consent and other ethical precautions are sometimes misconstrued if not totally glossed over in research.

Each of these articles offers a unique perspective on research ethics. It is impossible to extricate the researcher from the research, note Werhane & Doering (1997). Bias is inevitable, but it is crucial to recognize when and how this bias manifests. Interpretations…...

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References

Randall, D.M. & Gibson, a.M. (1990). Methodology in business ethics research: A review and critical assessment. Journal of Business Ethics 9(6): 457-471.

Resnik, D.B. (2010). What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences -- National Institutes of Health. Retrieved online:  http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis.cfm 

Werhane, P. & Doering, J. (1997). Conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment. Chapter 6 in Research Ethics: A Reader. Stern J. (1997). UPNE.

Finally, I decided that the most feasible option was to type in 'education research,' given there seemed to be few books specifically related to education. I could then screen the books for titles related to quantitative research. A manageable 75 results were retrieved. These were fairly easy to screen for relevant content, because Safari helpfully offers a short excerpt from every book where search terms were located. I was drawn to a quotation on page 266 that read: "Quantitative details can hurt qualitative understanding" from the book by uth C. Clark and Ann Kwinn entitled the new virtual classroom: Evidence-based guidelines for synchronous e-Learning (Pfeiffer, 2007, ISBN: 978-0-787-98652-0). This book examined how quantitative research had been used to validate and refine different approaches to online education.
Database 3: Google Books

Of all of the three databases I used in this experiment, Google Books was the one with which I was most…...

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References

Clark, Ruth C. & Ann Kwinn. (2007). The new virtual classroom: Evidence-based guidelines for synchronous e-Learning. Pfeiffer.

Newman, Isadore & Caroline Ridenour. (2007). Mixed methods research: Exploring the interactive continuum. SIU Press.

Sandelowski, Margarete & Julie Barroso. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer Publishing Company.

Key terms to be considered in this process will be those concerning a
developed understanding of the purpose of the study from a health
perspective. Therefore, this section should provide the study with a clear
identification of those terms which will be needed for an understanding of
the research subject as a whole.
Health Belief Model is a theoretical model framing our study. This
model, which is often referred to in the justification for public
information campaigns, the identification of public health patterns and the
illumination of other important factors as regard private and public health
agencies, contends that there is a direct correlation between that which
individuals believe regarding health and health-related factors and the way
that they behave or orient lifestyle decisions. Such is to say that one
who, for example, believes that smoking tobacco products can lead to lung
cancer and mortality may behave by refusing to buy or smoke tobacco
products. By the same token, in the case of our…...

Research Ethics
It is important when conducting research that the researcher adheres to a strong set of ethical guidelines. Ethics ensure that the research is conducted without causing harm to any person. hile modern research ethics began with the study of issues regarding the use of human subjects, it has evolved into a more comprehensive understanding of a wide range of norms of conduct (Resnik, 2010). Some of the different subject areas covered by research ethics norms are honesty, integrity, intellectual property, the use of human subjects, confidentiality and social responsibility. This paper will outline some of the ethical expectations of researchers with respect to each of these subjects.

Honesty and Integrity

The American College of Physicians' Ethics Manual (2011) states that "honesty and integrity must govern all stages of research, from the initial design and grant application to publication of results." hat this means is that at no point during the research…...

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Works Cited:

American College of Physicians (2011). Research ethics and integrity. American College of Physicians. Retrieved October 7, 2011 from  http://www.acponline.org/running_practice/ethics/issues/research/ 

Resnik, D. (2010). What is ethics in research and why is it important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Retrieved October 7, 2011 from  http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis.cfm 

Smith, D. (2011). Five principles for research ethics. American Psychological Association. Retrieved October 7, 2011 from http://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles.aspx

Wing, S. (2002). Social responsibility and research ethics in community-driven studies of industrialized hog production. Environmental Health Perspectives. 110 (5) 437-444.

esearch Ethics
The little Albert experiment

The little Albert experiment is a famous psychology experiment that was conducted by a behaviorist John. B. Watson. The participant in the experiment was a nine-month-old boy and he was exposed to various stimuli that included a white rat, monkey, masks and burning news papers and the reactions of the boy were observed. Initially no fear was expressed by the boy at any objects shown to him. A loud noise was made when he was next exposed to the rat and it was natural for the boy to cry upon the loud noise. The white rat and noise were paired repeatedly and the boy began to cry whenever he saw the rat. It showed that fear would be conditioned (Cherry, 2010). This paper will examines various unethical research behaviors that were involved in the little Albert experiment, the injured people in the experiment and lessons that…...

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References

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005). Protection of human subjects [Issues in Ethics]. Retrieved February 27, 2013 from  http://www.asha.org/policy/ET2005-00176/ 

Cherry, K. (2010).The Little Albert Experiment. Retrieved February 27, 2013 from  http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm

Research Ethics
The responsibility evaluator, basic researcher, protects people harm. Since harm people a variety ways, concerned evaluators guard harm people a program." Please describe ways evaluators ensure harm participants evaluation.

"The first responsibility of an evaluator, as it is with the basic researcher, is to protect people from harm. Since harm can be done to people in a variety of ways, concerned evaluators guard against harm to all people associated with a program." Please describe at least two ways in which evaluators can ensure that no harm comes to the participants of an evaluation. Which one do you think is the most important, and why?

One of the first questions a researcher must ask him or herself is: what will be the ultimate value of the research being conducted? Of course, some research outcomes are quite uncertain, but if little risk is posed to the test population, such exploratory research is warranted.…...

286). Employers have, since the Immigration Reform and Control Act of1986 (IRCA), been obligated to function under the laws that govern verifying applicant/employee citizenship, and which assigns costly fines to companies that do not comply with the 1986 guidelines of verification (Olds Som and Momblanco, 2006, p. 286). However, these rules were not enforced, and employers were not, for the most part, fined.
That has now changed. At present, because of the threat posed by international terrorism, and because of the burden on the states arising out of illegal immigration, which is collapsing some state social structures, which means that taxpayers are supporting the burden of illegal immigration in ways that make the arguments for workers who perform low income and unwanted jobs moot in the face of the cost of healthcare, education, legal and social services that have become burdened with supporting the illegal immigrant population.

Now, employers are faced…...

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Writing for Monthly Labor Review (1987), Richard R. Nelson provides a breakdown of the laws passed on a state level, that helped states be in compliance with the 1986 Act by which companies have been governed since the federal government passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act of1986 (Vol. 110, 1987, p. 49). This article was useful in helping the author of the research presented here to navigate through the Act, to find those parts of the Act that pertained specifically to the documentation of worker status.

2.4 Magazine Articles

John D. McCann, writing for Security Management (Vol. 38, 1994, p. 72), provides a good introduction for the discussion of

Ethical Principles in esearch
While experimenting and during the research of several diverse subjects ranging from animal testing to human experimentation, from social and scientific transgression to scientific research, there are ethical principles that need to be adhered to and applied by the researchers. Study participants, who open up their lives to the researchers, commentators and also those followers during the period of one's research, rely and trust us so we can do our task efficiently without causing any harm.

The United States largest psychological organization is the American Psychological Association (APA) with a goal to convey the psychological knowledge among the masses. The application, usage, intent and the practical considerations are discussed in the overview of the ethics code. The Preamble and the Principles are a source of mentoring for the psychologists although they are not mandatory, the psychologists are advised to consider upon them as an action of ethics. The…...

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References

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Standard 8 (2010): Research and Publication http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), National Academy of Engineering., & Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2009) On being a scientist: A guide to responsible conduct in research, (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.  http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12192

Students benefit from the commodity element of research assistance companies because they are the benefactors of the product. They are given opportunities to choose the best company and the companies work hard to attract their business by providing the best possible materials for them to draw from in their research.

n short the industry has exploded into a healthy commodity market and through that market the students using the services are benefiting.

The research assistance business has generated conditions for additional markets to emerge which in turn creates an environment by which the cognitive process of learning becomes a market.

Some of the new markets that research assistance companies provide are online universities, individual learning opportunities and of course employment for those who work in these areas as well as directly for the research companies (Graham, 2001).

The concept of Questia was to put a library online," Questia CEO Troy Williams said. "Even when…...

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It is a win-win situation for everyone involved and as technology continues to improve the research assistance business will also improve.

References

Graham, Andrew, (2001) Online service helps college students with research. University Wire

Criminal Justice esearch Methods
There are a large number of research methodologies that can be used to investigate the effectiveness of criminal justice practices and reforms. The methodologies can be grouped into qualitative and quantitative, with the former representing an inductive approach when little is understood about a phenomenon (Driessnack, Sousa, & Mendes, 2007) and the latter representing a deductive approach intended to quantify outcomes under controlled conditions (Sousa, Driessnack, & Mendes, 2007). Quantitative methodologies can be further divided into non-experimental and experimental, while experimental can be divided into true-experimental and quasi-experimental. To develop a deeper understanding of the scientific methods of inquiry that can be applied to criminal justice research topics, several study designs will be reviewed and discussed.

esearch Methods and Examples

esearcher interested in understanding more about a phenomenon will typically interview the persons who are affected the most, thereby gaining a better understanding of the lived experience (Driessnack, Sousa,…...

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References

Carroll, R. (2013, November 4). California police use of body cameras cuts violence and complaints. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 Apr. 2014 from  http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/04/california-police-body-cameras-cuts-violence-complaints-rialto .

Conti, N. (2009). A visigoth system: Shame, honor, and police socialization. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(3), 409-32.

Driessnack, M., Sousa, V.D., & Mendes, I.A. (2007). An Overview of Research Designs Relevant to Nursing: Part 2: Qualitative Research Designs. Revisto Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15(4), 684-8.

Rosenthal, J. & Brown, D. (2014, March 31). Curtis Young case shows need for body-worn cameras on police. The Star. Retrieved 27 Apr. 2014 from  http://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2014/03/31/curtis_young_case_shows_need_for_bodyworn_cameras_on_police.html .

Institutional Review Boards
hat is an IRB?

IRBs (institutional review boards) were convened to oversee research in organizations receiving federal funds and created to protect human participants from research that is risky, harmful, or does not respect the rights and dignity of human beings (Royse, 2010).

Identify the three types of IRB review.

The three types of IRB review are exempt, expedited, or full review.

If you were to create a plan to evaluate a program or intervention, what level of IRB review would it need? hy?

To evaluate a rehabilitation program for prisoners, a full review is required because exemptions cannot be granted for projects that involve minors, unless it is a regular school setting, prisoners, fetuses, or mentally disabled persons.

Imagine if your evaluation plan included the use of special populations. Identify ethical challenges you might face.

"Some of the most egregious violations of human subjects have taken place in prisons where drug experiments and other…...

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Works Cited

Royse, D.T. (2010). Chapter 2: Ehical Issues in Program Evaluation. In D.T. Royse, Program Evaluation: An Introduction, 5th ed. Cengage Learning.

Derivatives -- Perceptions of Value and Use
Realistic & Empirical Research Approaches in inance

Empirical research (which originates from the positivist tradition) and qualitative research are sufficiently distinct in their philosophical grounding to ask very different types of research questions. Empirical research is a theory-building endeavor that seeks to add to theory by determining the degree to which the hypotheses in a study are true or false. Qualitative research does not begin with theory, as the researcher is interested in the "truth" that is inherent in subjective accounts and perceptions about phenomena. Several types of qualitative research exist, each with a tendency toward a particular methodology. or example, ethnography is often naturalistic research in which the presence of the investigator is a functional "instrument" in the research. Empirical research imposes great constraints on the capacity of the investigator to in any way influence the data or the experimental process, unless such action…...

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Factor analysis provided inductive support for the hypotheses in this empirical study of active users and controllers of derivatives (Bezzina & Grima, 2012). This empirical study used regression to identify groupings of personal attributes and demographic characteristics associated with the derivative use that is neither misunderstood or mishandled (Bezzina & Grima, 2012).

III. Generalization

The challenge of applied research is this: Phenomena that occur in open systems are subject to the influence of generative mechanisms and structures that drive them, but they are not always manifestly present in readily observable patterns. In other words, the contexts in which research findings are applied to practice differ from context -- the more controlled environments -- in which the original research was conducted. This presents a replication problems and generalization

Choosing a research paper topic doesn't have to be difficult. In many cases, an instructor will choose a topic for you. Some instructors allow you to choose your own topic, but request that you get approval from them before beginning your paper. If you're left completely alone to choose a topic and start writing, consider the following questions as you're thinking about topic ideas: • What is the class about? • What are some of the main points or themes addressed by the instructor? • What about the class specifically interests you? • What ideas or themes from the class naturally lend themselves to research? • Is your topic idea....

There are a couple of ways to approach this. You can focus on research that has already been done, or you can survey elderly people in your community who live alone. That may be difficult, especially if you live in a small town or you don't know many people, but it can provide you with valuable information if you can get enough people to take the survey. You also need to decide what you want to know about those elderly people who live alone. Are you interested in their health? Their safety? How they handle daily life tasks or emergencies?....

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For a research paper on the significance of the pharmaceutical industry and the business aspects of that, you could consider: * Strategic management of the pharmaceutical companies. * The overall business model for pharmaceutical companies. * Problems that are facing the business aspect of the industry. * How changing laws are affecting the pharmaceutical business. There are others, of course, and you can also narrow down one of the options here to provide something more specific. Maybe pick a particular pharmaceutical company and do an analysis on how the health care law may affect it? Finding a topic that's narrow enough is key, so....