IRI ADMINISTRATIONIRI AdministrationThe Childs BackgroundMT is a 7-year-old girl in 2nd grade. The initials MT are hypothetical and have been used to protect the confidentiality/privacy of the child. The child attends .. In her class, there are a total of 19 learners. It would be prudent to note that MT could be deemed a normal learner owing to the fact that she has not been diagnosed with any learning disability. MT comes from a single-mom household. She has never met her father. Her mother is an investment advisor at a leading investment bank. She has two siblings an 11-year-old brother who is in junior high school and a 2-year-old sister. MTs mother is not actively involved in her learning owing to the demands of her job. It should, however, be noted that MTs aunt who moved in with them approximately 1 year ago (after losing her job as a…...

mla

References

Braun, H. (2019). The Big Book of Reading Comprehension Activities. ZEPHYROS Press.

One counterargument to the practice of teaching vocabulary is that children learn the meanings of many words by experiencing those words in the actual world and in text without explicit instruction. Unfortunately, such incidental learning is filled with possible problems. The definitions learned range from richly contextualized and more than sufficient, to incomplete to wrong. Children do develop knowledge of vocabulary through incidental contact with new words they read. This is one of the many reasons to challenge students to read incessantly.

World Knowledge

There is considerable evidence that readers who possess prior knowledge about the topic of a reading often comprehend the reading better than classmates with no, or lower prior knowledge. Nevertheless, even when students have knowledge relevant to the information they are reading they do not always relate their world knowledge to the content of a text. Unless inferences are absolutely necessary to make sense of the content they…...

mla

References

Armbruster, B.B. & Osborn, J., (2001) Put reading first: The building blocks for teaching chilren to read. National Institute or Literacy, Retrieved May 20, 2010, from: www.nifl.gov

Beck, I.L., Perfetti, C.A., & McKeown, M.G., (1982) Effects of long-term vocabulary instruction on lexical access and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 506-521.

Cordon, L.A., & Day, J.D. (1996) Stategy use on standardized reading comprehension tests. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 288-521.

Nation, K. & Snowling, M.J., (1998) Individual differences in contextual facilitation: Evedence from dyslexia and poor reading comprehension. Child Development, V. 69 No. 4, p.996- 1011. Retrieved May 20, 2010, from: http://C:UsersOwnerDesktop

eading Comprehension: Strategies and ActivitiesIntroductionThe primary objective of reading is to comprehend and reconstruct the writers mental world. Skilled readers experience a sense of ease and natural flow in their comprehension, although this masks the underlying complexity of reading, even when the text is straightforward. Numerous cognitive and linguistic processes come into play, ranging from word identification to inferences about situations not fully described in the text. Consequently, finding a straightforward solution to questions like How does reading comprehension develop and Why does it sometimes fail becomes exceedingly challenging (Nation, 2019).Part 1: Strategies and SettingsFocus on overall language comprehension: ecent studies indicate that difficulties in reading comprehension may originate from an underlying weakness in oral language, which persists from early childhood, even before formal reading instruction. Students who struggle with reading comprehension also tend to comprehend fewer spoken words, have a limited grasp of auditory input, and exhibit weaker spoken…...

mla

ReferencesElleman, A. M., & Oslund, E. L. (2019). Reading Comprehension Research: Implications for Practice and Policy. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(1), 3–11.Parrish, N. (2020). 5 Ways to Support Students Who Struggle with Reading Comprehension. Literacy. Retrieved from   K. (2019). Children’s reading difficulties, language, and reflections on the simple view of reading. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 24(1).https://www.edutopia.org/article/5-ways-support-students-who-struggle-reading-comprehension/ Nation,

Integration of music and reading may help parents prepare their children for school. On the surface, music and literacy seem opposite of each other both in meaning and delivery. However, the two forms of learning go hand in hand. For example, lyrics and literacy are similar because lyrics are the words sung in a song. Often, they are poetic and can be understood as poetry that sometimes tells a story.
Many singer songwriters are also storytellers, weaving intricate and powerful stories into their songs. If one examines a music soundtrack and a story line/plot, one can see how music is used to help tell the story as much as the narrative itself. As technology advances, music is becoming readily interweaved with reading comprehension. One study examined the use of multimodal e-books that combined text with animation, images, and sounds. Children made academic gains in reading from using multimodal e-books (Morgan, 2013).

Music…...

mla

References

Cauchard, F., Cane, J. E., & Weger, U. W. (2011). Influence of Background Speech and Music in Interrupted Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(3), 381-390. doi:10.1002/acp.1837

Chang, A. C., & Millett, S. (2015). Improving reading rates and comprehension through audio-assisted extensive reading for beginner learners. System, 52, 91-102. doi:10.1016/j.system.2015.05.003

Cogo-Moreira, H., Andriolo, R. B., Yazigi, L., Brandao de Avila, C. R., & Mari, J. (2012). Music education for improving reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009133

Cohn, N., Jackendoff, R., Holcomb, P. J., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2014). The grammar of visual narrative: Neural evidence for constituent structure in sequential image comprehension. Neuropsychologia, 64, 63-70. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.018

teachers' expressed perceptions regarding their states' provisions for instructional materials and professional development opportunities related to state literacy initiatives for K-6 classroom teachers" (Marlow, Inman, Shwery, 2016, p. 207).
This study uses a survey method AND uses a survey as an instrument to collect data.

Survey method was used because "only those interested participated" (Marlow et al., 2016, p. 208).

Survey method was used because this was the easiest way to gather the data.

This consisted of "four-point Likert Scale items ranging from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree" (Marlow et al., 2016, p. 208).

The format of the instrument was a survey mailed to the principals of schools for distribution. Content consisted of professional development questions (the state literacy initiative, professional development opportunities) and reading materials (appropriateness for grade levels, whether they addressed state's assessment instrument, etc.).

UESTION 4

The purpose of this study was to show the importance of teachers, parents and community members becoming…...

mla

QUESTION 11

A. The study "found a slight positive correlation between a child's reading comprehension level and the amount of parental involvement in their schooling" (Carmen et al., 2016, p. 236).

B. This does not mean that there is any significant relationship between the two variables.

The use of the word MY also suggests that the speaker feels a sense of possession towards the assistant, thus the assistant's departure is seen as a loss of control, not merely a setback to the project as he says.
7. it's an animal urge, Puff. it's nothing to be ashamed of (65)

The word Puff suggests an animal, even if Puff is not an animal -- Puff is being assured that acting like an animal is natural, and not worthy of shame, despite Puff's feelings to the contrary and the ambiguous quality of Puff's name.

8. Remember, when in doubt: don't ever do what you really want to do (69)

This statement goes against the assurances of the naturalness of human behavior and impulses -- go against one's human or animal nature, it suggests, and repress and resist gut instincts. Instead, follow societal dictates and one's own superego.

9. There is nothing that…...

ecent reviews of research on summer school show that high quality programs can make a difference in student learning (Harrington-Lueker, 2000). esults of the research point to programs that focus on corrective or accelerated learning have a positive consequence on student learning. There is significant evidence that summer school can help bring many struggling students up to grade level and prevents loss of learning with many others (Denton, 2001; Harrington-Lueker, 2000). While additional time is important, what is more important is what teachers accomplish with that time.
High-quality research-based curriculum and instruction

With a 90 minute block of time for reading instruction, teachers need to focus on the five essential elements of reading identified by The National eading Panel, (2001) as critical to successful reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. It is vital to define each of these important processes of reading using definitions from eading ockets out…...

mla

Reference List

Allington, R. 2002.What I've Learned About Effective Reading Instruction from a Decade of Studying Exemplary Elementary Classroom Teachers (Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 83, No. 10 (June 2002): 740-747)

Bond, Linda A. (1996). Norm- and criterion-referenced testing. Practical Assessment, Research

Evaluation, 5(2). Retrieved at http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=5&n=2.

Bruner, J. (1996). The Culture of Education, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

The study focused on an urban middle school and two particular classes of 34 learning disabled students. esearchers broke the two classes down into two groups, the intervention group and the comparison group. The intervention group was introduced to the strategic lesson plans and collaborative techniques found in the computer administered CACS. This program consisted of lessons on how to use the program and also informed students how to then implement those lessons in order to learn better reading strategies. The comparison group was instructed with typical language arts lesson plans. Both groups were then tested and those scores were analyzed for results using ANCOVA.

esults of the research showed that the intervention, or experiment group, not only significantly improved their reading comprehension, but also that they scored much higher than the control group. Furthermore, the study showed that many of the students involved in the experiment group believed that the…...

mla

References

Kim, Ae-Hwa, Vaughn, Sharon, & Klinger, Janette K. 2006. Improving the reading comprehension of middle school students with disabilities through Computer-Assisted Collaborative Strategic Reading. Remedial and Special Education. 27. pp. 235-256.

Music on Vocabulary ompetence, Writing, Reading omprehension and Motivation in English Language Learning in High-School
EFFETIVENESS OF MUSI ON VOABULARY

The Effectiveness of Music on Vocabulary ompetence, Writing, Reading omprehension and Motivation in English Language Learning in High-School

Most English language learners in high schools show poor vocabulary competence. The main reason for this is the limited level of exposure to the language. It is generally understood and practically acknowledged that words form the basic unit of language structure. Therefore lack of sufficient vocabulary constrains students from effectively communicating and freely expressing their ideas.

Vocabulary competence is critical to developing reading comprehension skills. Lack of vocabulary development is detrimental to the development of metacognitive skill that is important in comprehending advanced texts. omprehension is a major component of development of vocabulary, reading to learn. Therefore, reading comprehension it is quite challenging for students lacking adequate knowledge of meaning of words.

In addition, inadequate vocabulary…...

mla

Chapter IV: Results and Evaluation

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using music on vocabulary competence, writing, reading comprehension and motivation in English Language Learning in High school students as a part of the learning process in the classroom. Many teachers of English as a second language as well as the learners consider vocabulary as a critical factor in learning the language. Therefore it is important to develop creative and interesting ways of teaching vocabulary in English class. A qualitative study was appropriate for the research for the reason that the objective was exploratory (Creswell, 1998). The significance that was recognized to the singularities of teaching was examined with hermeneutic methods (Creswell, 2002).

In order to give a reply to the answer of the three research questions, mean scores and standard deviations were computed for each of the two groups on each of the three dependent measures at the ending of study. All three of the dependent measures are considered to be the evaluation of the sight-reading, the evaluation of the playing abilit, and the

Technology-Based Teacher Training and Teacher-Led Classroom Implementation on Learning Reading Comprehension Strategies
Summary of Article and Meaning

This study was done to examine the efficiency of an expertly advanced comprehensive reading comprehension strategies program. The purpose was to compare it to the traditional reading comprehension instruction which was offered to over 800 fourth and fifth graders. The study was done using 34 classrooms in the United States. Also, the treatment involved a strong, technology-founded teacher training component in addition to extremely encouraging materials that would be used for 53 classroom-delivered student instructions. The study utilized a research design which was a randomized trial performed at the classroom level. It was done with classes unsystematically apportioned to either the treatment which (classroom n=16) or the control made up of (classroom n=17) circumstances. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was executed on student success statistics, nested inside classrooms within treatment situations, for the classes that were…...

Oral and Written Language Scales, Second Edition: eading Comprehension and Written Expression
eading Comprehension and Written Expression subtests can be used to provide a composite score for Written Language.

Describe the age range: Ages 5-21

State the purpose of the instrument: The purpose is to provision an individual comprehensive measurement of writing and reading language skills for children.

Describe the examiner qualifications: Examiners need experience in "psycho-educational assessments for children" (de Fur, 2014)

List the types of scores (such as standard scores, percentile rank, etc.) that are available:

aw scores are convertible to standard scores for percentile ranks, confidence intervals and grade scores. There are also composite scores.

6. List the instrument's technical data regarding validity, reliability and standardization / normative process: Standardization data was based on 2,123 English speaking students aged 5-21. This data was gleaned from 31 states in all of the regions of the major regions of the U.S. census. It accounted for national…...

mla

References (provide APA formatted reference based on test review found in the MMY)

Here is a sample of a correct APA reference for a pretend test review in the MMY

Smith. J. & Jones, A. (20xx). Review of the Something Achievement Test. Mental Measurements Yearbook and Tests in Print. Yearbook: #.

De Fur, S. H., Ward, S. (2014). Review of The Oral and Written Language Scales, Second Edition: Reading Comprehension and Written Expression. Mental Measurements Yearbook and Tests in Print. Yearbook: 19.

Diagnosing the Problem As Palardy (2015) shows, first grade is where the achievement gap begins to develop among students. Ferrer et al. (2015) show that the achievement gap begins in first grade and persists well into adolescence: in order to address the achievement gap, the best step is to take preventive measures. This action research study plans to address the problem of the achievement gap by getting first graders to focus on reading and get them interested in reading by following the recommendation of Moses and Kelly (2018), which is to condition young learners to love reading by continuously promoting it in a favorable and positive light. In other words, by socializing reading and using child-centered teaching methods (Kikas, Pakarinen, Soodla, Peets & Lerkkanen, 2017; Moses & Kelly, 2018), first grade teachers can help to close the achievement gap.
The study setting is my first grade classroom. This setting was chosen because…...

eading Comprehension
Effective Teaching of eading Comprehension

Just like writing and speaking, reading comprehension is a language skill that needs to be developed in order to enhance understanding of various types of texts. For a long time, teachers have employed different strategies in an attempt to assist their students catch a glimpse of their focus. However, some of these strategies have been applied haphazardly, most often out of ignorance. As a result, most students ended up having trouble in comprehending even basic text. Nevertheless, recent years have seen language experts coming up with techniques that have proven to be effective in solving some of these reading comprehension challenges. The following presentation explores some techniques a teacher can employ to make a reading exercise a successful adventure.

Instructional Strategies

Duke and Pearson (2004) recommend a number of tested instructional strategies for assisting students acquire effective comprehension skills. Despite the existence of a variety of workable…...

mla

References

Block, C.C. & Israel, S.E. (2004). The ABCs of Performing Highly Effective Think-aloud. The Reading Teacher vol. 58(2): 1-14

Duke, N. K, & Pearson, P.D. (2002). Effective Practices for Developing Reading Comprehension. International Reading Association, pp1-27

Hassan, S and Fatemeh, N, (2012). The Effect of Learner Constructed, Fill in the Map Concept Map Technique, and Summarizing Strategy on Iranian Pre-university Students' Reading Comprehension. English Language Teaching, vol. 5(9):78-87

Stevenson, G. (2000). Concepts in Reading Comprehension. Advanced Learner Journal, vol. 3(4): 12-13

eading is a fundamental part of a child's education. Many techniques have been utilized in an effort to make learning to read and reading comprehension easier for students (McCray 2001). One such technique is Sustained Silent eading (SS). The purpose of this discussion is to investigate Sustained Silent eading as it relates to reluctant middle school aged children. Let us begin our investigation by discussing the theoretical framework of Sustained Silent eading.
Sustained Silent eading (SS)

Jenson & Jenson (2002) report that The Uninterrupted Sustained Silent eading program (USS) was first implemented by Lyman Hunt at the University of Vermont during the 1960's (Jensen & Jensen 2002). By the 1970's the program was implemented into the American public school system (Jensen & Jensen 2002). Forty years after its initial inception this same program has an array of aliases including: Motivation in Middle Schools (MIMS), High Intensity Practice (HIP), Free Voluntary eading (FV),…...

mla

References

Broughton, M.A., & Fairbanks, C.M. (2003). In the Middle of the Middle: Seventh-Grade Girls' Literacy and Identity Development Here Is a Look at the Ways in Which a Group of Girls Perceived Themselves and How Their Perceptions and Behaviors Changed as They Moved from the Sixth Grade to the Seventh Grade: The Middle of Middle School. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 46(5), 426

Brozo, W.G., & Hargis, C.H. (2003). Taking Seriously the Idea of Reform: One High School's Efforts to Make Reading More Responsive to All Students. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 47(1), 14

Crawford P.C.2004. Using Graphic Novels to Attract Reluctant Readers. Library Media Connection

Graham, S., & Taylor, A.Z. (1998). Exploring Achievement Values Among Ethnic Minority Early Adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 606-620.

Reading Profile of a Student The student I selected is a 10-year-old 4th grade student who is a self-described “lover of books.” She views herself as a great reader and she is always carrying a book with her. I ask her if she thinks everyone should read more, and she says most emphatically, “Yes!” She maintains a very positive attitude toward reading—“Even when you don’t care for what you’re reading?” I ask. She says that she always finds something to like, no matter what she is reading. She says if someone took the time to write it, she can take the time to find something nice about it. “Sometimes I have to stop and think about what I read or I’ll think about a story for days wondering what I just read.” I ask what stories do that for her and she answers, “Poe! That guy is crazy!” I am surprised…...

Essay Topic 1: The Efficacy of Direct Instruction in Multisyllable Word Intervention

Introduction:
Define multisyllable words and discuss their importance in reading comprehension.
Explain the concept of direct instruction as a teaching method for word recognition.
State the research hypothesis: Direct instruction can significantly improve multisyllable word recognition and comprehension.

Body Paragraph 1: Review of Research
Cite studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of direct instruction in multisyllable word intervention.
Describe the methodologies and outcomes of these studies.
Discuss the key components of effective direct instruction, such as explicit instruction, guided practice, and feedback.

Body Paragraph 2: Benefits and Pitfalls of Direct Instruction
....

1. The importance of phonetic awareness in breaking down multisyllable words
2. Effective strategies for decoding and pronouncing multisyllable words
3. The role of syllable division rules in breaking down complex words
4. The impact of vocabulary knowledge on reading and decoding multisyllable words
5. Comparing and contrasting different strategies for breaking down multisyllable words
6. The benefits of using word parts (prefixes, suffixes, roots) to break down complex words
7. The influence of context clues in deciphering the meaning of multisyllable words
8. The relationship between fluency and the ability to decode multisyllable words
9. The effectiveness of explicit instruction in....

Strategies for Breaking Down Multisyllable Words

Introduction

Multisyllable words can be daunting to decode, especially for younger readers and students with reading difficulties. However, with effective strategies, educators can help learners break down these complex words into manageable chunks, enhancing their reading comprehension and vocabulary. This essay explores various strategies for breaking down multisyllable words.

Segmenting Words into Syllables

Clap and Count: Learners clap or tap their hands once for each sound they hear in the word. For example, "elephant" can be segmented into "e-le-phant."
Hyphenation: Breaking the word into its individual syllables using hyphens. For instance, "un-der-stand."
Syllable Divider: Using a movable....

Title: The Efficacy of Explicit Multisyllabic Word Intervention Strategies in Ameliorating Speech Impairment

Introduction:
Speech impairment, characterized by difficulties in producing speech sounds, can have a significant impact on individuals' communication abilities and academic and social development. Multisyllabic words, in particular, pose challenges for children with speech impairments due to their increased phonological complexity. This essay will explore the efficacy of explicit multisyllabic word intervention strategies in improving speech production in individuals with speech impairments.

Body:

1. Types of Multisyllabic Intervention Strategies:

Syllable Segmentation: Decomposition of multisyllabic words into individual syllables, promoting phonological awareness and supporting sound sequencing.
Syllable Stress: Emphasizing the stressed syllable....