People who are guilty of personal attacks on Obama that challenge his birthplace, or equate him with Adolf Hitler, "…have been influenced to a major degree by a belief that he should not be president because he happens to be African-American" (CNN, p. 1). "It's a racist attitude," Carter asserted. And for this paper, it may be more like "modern racism" that does not embrace the "N-word" but does show hostility beyond merely ideological differences.
"I think an overwhelming portion of the intensely demonstrated animosity toward President Barack Obama is based on the fact that he is a black man, that he's African-American," Carter explained to NBC News (CNN, p. 1). Those who are biased against Obama due to his ethnicity, can mask that racial prejudice by attacking him politically, which is what South Carolina Representative Joe ilson did during Obama's speech to Congress in September, 2009. "You lie!" ilson…...

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Works Cited

CNN Politics. (2009). Carter again cites racism as factor in Obama's treatment. Retrieved April

14, 2012, from http://articles.cnn.com.

Ezorsky, Gertrude. (1991). Racism and Justice: The Case for Affirmative Action. Ithaca, NY:

Nittle, Nadra Kareem. (2011). Three of the Most Racist Anti-Obama Political Attacks.

Although it has often been seen as a production which exploits the racial prejudices of the American society, on the other hand it tries to deal with them and point them out through laughter. The question then arises, "does the charge of prejudice come from the fact that the movie laughs and pokes fun at it instead of excoriating it? Would it have been better if it had dealt with it in the same dour, overcast manner adopted by many anti-racist activists? Would a waggling finger and pursed lips be better than a laugh at the bastards' expense?" (Tremlett, 2002). Therefore, some views consider this approach to be more useful than hard line activists.
In relation to this approach, there are studies made which argue that discussion an issue, such as racial discrimination, by using humor as a tool, is an important and most of the times useful technique. More…...

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Bibliography

Burma, John H. "Humor as a Technique in Race Conflict." American Sociological Review, Vol. 11, No. 6. (Dec., 1946), pp. 710-715.

Espey, David. "Multiculturalism and Humor." Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 2 (1995): 3-12. 15 March 2008  http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~jast/Number2/Espey.html 

Hansen, Liane. "With Biting Humor, Pryor Explored Race in America." Remembrance. NPR. 2005. 15 March 2008.  http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5048040 

Jackson, Camille. "Racist humor inspires hate." Tolerance in the News. 2005. 15 March 2008  http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_tol.jsp?id=1258

In order to increase inequality within my neighborhood, the first step would be to change leadership so that they are more heterogeneous and able to represent every facet of our community. In this way I believe we will be able to respond to the demands of everyone within a community that has a diverse ethnic background. Instead of my neighbors ignoring people of other ethnicities, I would want them to feel just as welcome as if they were Hispanic within our community. In the final analysis I believe that everyone at the core level is the same, but we are often separated by the fears of the unknown. Hispanics have too long distanced themselves from the mainstream and this has polarized our position within American society. I want to experience my Mexican heritage, but at the cost of not being to experience my American heritage as well. Therefore in…...

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Bibliography

You will have to do the personal interview yourself as I have no idea what names to use or what office position.

Harmel, K. (1999, April 1). UF Researcher: Racism Is Subtle But Still Exists

Beneath The Surface. University of Florida News. Retrieved January 11, 2007 at  http://news.ufl.edu/1999/04/01/race2/ 

KRUEGER, C. (2001, March 28). Hispanics now Florida's largest minority group.

The fact that so many people believed that dependency of any kind was a serious threat to the development of the nation did develop into anti-racist sentiment as race seemed to be the defining character, in soc many situations of the labor force being utilized. One can definitely see this in the development of the early republican party, even though many call the rhetoric demonstrative of the dramatics that were needed by the party to set it apart from former parties the intended goal of the party, was to make steps toward destroying the system of economics that forced dependence, i.e. slavery. The unprecedented success of the early republican party, having developed only two presidential candidates the second being Lincoln, goes to show that the voice of eradicating dependence had a strong social precedence and was in many ways anti-racist in nature. Some dismiss these early ideas as demonstrative…...

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Works Cited

Aptheker, Herbert. Anti-Racism in U.S. History: The First Two Hundred Years. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993.

Barnes, Catherine a. Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.

Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Gillette, Howard. "The Most Segregated City in America": City Planning and Civil Rights in Birmingham, 1920-1980." Journal of Southern History 72.4 (2006): 975.

Anti-Miscegenation Laws in the United States
In order to understand what an anti-miscegenation law is, it is important to look at the definition of the term miscegenation. This term is derived from two Latin words miscere, which means to mix, and genus, which refers to type, family, or descent (Frederickson, 1971). This term has therefore been used to refer to the mixing of racial groups, ethnicities, and in rare circumstances different religions, in most cases referring to cohabitation or intermarriage between such groups. It has also been used to describe situations where two persons of different racial backgrounds produce offspring without necessarily cohabiting or getting married. In the United States this term was mostly used in the context of white man's racist attitudes and black man's alleged craving for the white woman (Jordan, 1968). The very initial cases of racial mixing were witnessed with the emergence of the system of slavery.…...

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References

Davis, F. James. 1991. Who is Black? One Nation's Definition. University Park: Pennsylvania State

Frederickson, George M. 1971. The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American

Character and Destiny, 1817-1914. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.

Freeman, Victoria. 2005. "Attitudes Toward 'Miscegenation' in Canada, the United States, New

This type of zoning began to be enforced because of integration, which many Americans were opposed to. In recent years, the idea of exclusionary zoning still lingers as a topic of debate. This is not only an issue of race but also an issue of affordable housing for low income workers.
According to Sternlieb (1973)

Exclusionary zoning and subdivision control in the suburbs as a means of preserving the community status quo and of avoiding certain types of residential growth have been the focus of recent discussions and criticisms. Such land-use controls in conjunction with rising construction costs are seen as substantially reducing the availability of low and moderate income housing in the areas of suburban employment growth. A locality may effect prohibitive minimum price levels for new residential development by zoning its undeveloped lands for predominately single-family homes with requirements for large lots, large frontages, and large livable floor areas…...

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Works Cited

Kenedy, S. Jim Crow Guide to the U.S.A.: Who May Live Where. http://www.stetsonkennedy.com/jim_crow_guide/chapter6_1.htm

Brief History.   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101548704http://www.levittownhistoricalsociety.org/history.htm 

Himmelberg, Robert F. The Great Depression and the New Deal. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000690857

acism in America: Where do we stand?
From the time of the New World's discovery in the year 1492, racism has remained at the forefront of U.S. history. Even in the present day, it is reported that in America, one Black man dies from police confrontations every 28 hours. A majority of these incidents even fail to show up in local newspapers and news channels. It is only occasionally that these unfortunate victims garner the state media's attention and even rarer for such incidents to show up on national-level media. Over half a century following the famous "I have a dream" speech by Martin Luther King and many years following Barrack Obama's historic victory in the 2008 Presidential elections to become the nation's first ever African-American President, growing cases of racial violence prove the persistent sensitivity of this social issue. Mass racial aggression, dubbed the nation's "worst nightmare," persists (Lester, 1985).…...

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References

1. Alter, C. (2014). St. Louis Cops Condemn Rams' 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Gesture. Retrieved from www.time.com on November 19, 2016.

1. Altman, N. (2006). Whiteness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 75(1), 45-72.

1. Appleson, G. (1982). Southern Law Center Fights Klan Activities. American Bar Association Journal, vol. 68, nr. 8, p. 901-902.

1. Aptheker, H. (1992). Anti-racism in U.S. history: The first two hundred years (Vol. 143). Greenwood Publishing Group.

Essentially, those in the lower tiers of the urban socioeconomic hierarchy, rather than having been drawn out of despair, have
been thrust to the periphery of America's 'revitalizing' cities.

Question 2:
One of the most important points raised by the course reading
material would be that underscoring a clear proclivity toward urban design
and planning in those who would first colonize the new lands. Though
massive and ripe with natural resources and incredible frontiers, the new
land was also flowing with inherently profitable waterways, brimming with
commercial trade prospects and inhabited by a native population which,
though Chudacoff reports it to have been significantly underestimated as an
city-dwelling peoples as well, would appear ripe for exploitation. More
importantly though to this discussion would be the text's consideration of
the inherency of the European urban culture to America's development.
Indeed, according to Chudacoff's (2005) account, "the Europeans who
colonized North America were from the beginning urban-minded people, linked
to commercial markets. Even the earliest explores in…...

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Works Cited:

Chudacoff H. & J.E. Smith. (2005) The Evolution of American Society,

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0-13-189824

Jacobs, Jane. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New

York, Vintage Books. ISBN:067974195X

Massey, D. and N. Denton. (1998). American Apartheid: Segregation and the

Racism
Social Science literature has largely defined racist societies as those where: official ideology proclaims that racial differences are unbridgeable; the ideal is "race purity"; social segregation is mandated by law; and stigmatized groups have limited access to economic opportunities so that they are kept impoverished (Fredrickson, p. 101). Thus, it is evident that the historical definition of racism has emerged from a construct of political, sociological and economic ideology, which overtly practices racial discrimination. Since modern day America professes an ideology of equality, the question thus arises as to whether anti-black racism is now a part of the nation's ignoble past. Unfortunately, it appears that the answer to that question is in the negative, as racial prejudices continue to perpetuate an economic and social divide between African-American blacks and "white" America, albeit under the guise of Laissez-faire racism or persistent negative stereotyping (Martin & Tuch, p. 16). Logically, therefore, it…...

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Works Cited

Fredrickson, G.M. "Racism: A Short History." Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.

King, Martin Luther, Jr. "I Have a Dream." The U.S. Constitution Online. Accessed Aug 8, 2004:  http://www.usconstitution.net/dream.html 

Martin, J.K., & Tuch, S.A. "Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change." Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1997.

g., a magnet school), and also in terms of the various percentages of whites; African-Americans; Asians; and Latino (a)s attending each high school. According to Solorzano and Ornelas (Feb/Mar 2004) their study of advanced placement high school enrollment trends among minority students was driven by their desire for clearer answers to several key questions about equal access to educational opportunities for minority students and white students alike within various Los Angeles public high schools.
The questions the authors sought answers to in their study were the following:

How do school structures, practices, and discourses help maintain racial and ethnic discrimination in access to AP courses? How do Latina/o and African-American students and parents respond to the educational structures, practices, and discourses that help maintain racial and ethnic discrimination in access to AP courses? Finally, how can school reforms help end racial and ethnic discrimination in access to AP courses? (p. 1)

As a…...

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Works Cited

Affirmative Action." Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 2000. 8 Dec 2007.

Microsoft Works Suite 2000 (CD-ROM). Disc 3.

Affirmative Action Ten Years After Proposition 209." UCLA International

Institute. 20 Mar 2007.  http://www.international.ucla.edu/showevent.asp ?

Racism in America -- the Causes - Effects
hy has the ugly social scar of racism -- whites demonstrating racially biased attitudes and actions against African-Americans -- continued in the U.S. through the years? hat causes people to look down on those of another race -- or to otherwise hold people of another ethnicity in contempt? Given the fact that the U.S. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965), and that Americans elected and re-elected a bi-racial president (Barack Obama), an objective observer from another country might imagine that racist attitudes have subsided (and in ways things have improved on racial issues).

There is still today -- and may always be -- white racism against blacks, and this paper points to the fact that racism has continued to be a social and moral blemish in the U.S. because it has become institutionalized and carried from generation…...

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Works Cited

Callender, Clive O., and Miles, Patrice V. "Institutionalized Racism and End-Stage Renal

Disease: Is Its Impact Real or Illusionary?" Seminars in Dialysis, 17.3. 2004.

Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me. Everything Your American History Textbook

Got Wrong. New York: The New Press, 2008.

acism and Society -- Literature Letter
Senator Mitch McConnell

317 ussell Senate Office Building

Dear Senator McConnell:

I am writing to express my reaction to your four-year effort to ensure the failure of the presidential administration of President Barak Obama. First, let me say that I have never been a politically-oriented person; I am not even a registered voter. However, I have been monitoring news reports about the current state of the nation and of the disgraceful abuses of power exhibited by you and the other high-ranking members of your epublican Caucus. The manner in which you and your colleagues have reduced the U.S. Congress into a dysfunctional and ineffective Legislative Branch of our government (Grunwald, 2012) is the reason I am writing, the inspiration for this letter comes from my recent exposure to several pieces of 20th Century literature with which you might not be familiar. Copies of them are enclosed for your…...

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References

Edwards, G., Wattenberg, M., and Lineberry, R. (2009). Government in America: People,

Politics, and Policy. New York, NY: Longman.

Goldfield, D., Abbot, C., Argersinger, J., and Argersinger, P. (2005). Twentieth-Century

America: A Social and Political History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-

Racism as One of the More Relevant Causes of Poverty
Executive Review

The prime objective of this paper is wholly that it will address racism as one of the more instrumentally causal factor for the prevalence of poverty.

The exceptional advancement and development that we have attained within the contemporaneous parameters of the societies within which we survive and interact is something that is reflected within virtually all existing platform. It is quite apparent that the Legal, political, sociological and cultural frameworks as we presently know them, for instance, have all advanced and developed in accordance to the current day and age. This, moreover, is something that has primarily been due to the technologically oriented evolution that the global society has been undergoing at an uncharacteristically rapid rate for about two decades now. In spite this however; the global socio-community continues to be plagued by such sociological woes as economic inconsistence and instability,…...

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Bibliography

Jackson, Andrew. Poverty and Racism. Perception. Volume 24, #4, March 21, 2001, Accessed at http://www.ccsd.ca/perception/244/racism.htm

Goldberg, Mark F. Lessons from Exceptional School Leaders Chapter 5. Discrimination, Racism, and Poverty, 2001 Accessed at http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/2001goldberg/chapter5.html

Shah, Anup. Causes of Poverty, Global Issues, July 20, 1998 ccessed f  http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Poverty.asp 

Cottin, Heather. Racism and poverty killing more babies. Report on infant mortality shows. Workers World Newspaper Feb. 26, 2004, Accessed at  http://www.workers.org/ww/2004/infmort0226.php

Consequent to this, being aware of the discrimination he or she experienced in their last workplace, the individual (even if he or she is extremely talented in what they do) is expected to get a job where they would feel less stress, but where they would no longer be able to make use of their abilities. As a result, racism harms society for the fact that it prevents a talented individual from bringing their services to the community, and in addition to that it harms the individual, who ends up depressed and with a job that they do not enjoy doing.
The general public normally relates to white people when they think about civilization. Society taught them that white people are the cause of progress and that they came and brought civilization to the underdeveloped non-white individuals. ith the technology in Egypt and the ones from the Aztecs and the…...

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Works cited:

1. Feagin, Joe R. McKinney. Karyn D. (2005). The Many Costs of Racism. Rowman & Littlefield.

In colonial times, they were known to be Appalachians, Portuguese, Turkish slaves or even Gypsies. Their dark skin and mixed, doubtful origin made them a target for the ridicule and hate of the white population.
During 1800s the Melungeons lived on the border between Virginia and Tennessee and the name was used as an insult. The truth however was revealed when the results of a DNA study were printed in the Journal of Genealogy. The results shocked a large part of the white population, as it showed that they were the off springs of sub-Saharan Africans and white, European women.

This proves that although on the surface discrimination was dominant but mixing of races was also endemic. This presents a totally different picture to what has been portrayed by historians. Some researchers claim that such incidents were very common in those times in America and some researchers have pointed out that…...

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Bibliography

Alden T. Vaughan, Roots of American Racism (New York, Oxford University Press, 1995)

Travis Loller, "Melungeons Aren't Who They Thought They Were," the Tennessean, May 26, 2012.

In turn-of-the-century America, there were some major civil rights advances for some groups, while other groups saw no advances in their civil rights and even saw advances that had been made begin to erode.  The time period was well after the end of the Reconstruction era and the beginning of Jim Crow laws, the rise of the suffragette movement, and a continued assault on rights for Native Americans.  There was also a significant increase in anti-Asian discrimination. Here are some suggested titles and thesis statements for an essay about civil rights in this era.

Essay Title....