acial Discrimination
With the Northern Territories National Emergency esponse Act of July 2007, the Liberal government of John Howard suspended the acial Discrimination Act of 1975, in violation of international law, and sent in the military to enforce new draconian decrees on Aboriginal Communities. In part, this was a reflection of old fashioned racism and paternalism, which was still commonplace in Australia despite a thin veneer of shallow tolerance and multiculturalism. acism had always existed against native peoples since colonial times, and not only in Australia but in Canada, New Zealand and, worst of all, the United States. Forced assimilation, segregation, and ghettoization had always been part of the pattern, as had the drive to eliminate Indigenous languages and cultures. Of course, physical genocide and outright theft of native lands and resources had also occurred in all these settler states, and only in recent times were Aboriginal peoples acknowledged to have…...

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REFERENCES

Jennett, C. 2011. "Internal Colonialism in Australia" in (Eds) Minnerup, G. And P. Solberg, First World, First Nations: Internal Colonialism and Indigenous Self-Determination in Northern Europe and Australia. Billbong, pp. 108-31.

Toohey, P. 2008. "Last Drinks: The Impact of the Northern Territory Intervention." Quarterly Essay, No. 30, pp. 1-97.

Walter, M. 2010. "The Globalization Era and Citizenship Rights for Indigenous Australian Women" in (Eds) Abraham, M. et al., Contours of Citizenship: Women, Diversity and Practices of Citizenship. Ashgate, pp. 95-110.

Racial Discrimination in the orkplace
Until fairly recent times, blacks and other minority groups were denied almost all economic and educational opportunities, including government programs that distributed homestead lands, oil, gas and mineral rights, television and radio licenses, federally-guaranteed mortgages and business loans and airline routes (Feagin 3). Before the 1960s, most blacks and Hispanics held only menial, low-paying jobs and were denied ownership of land and business or access to white colleges and universities (Feagin and McKinney 24). Even today, on the United Nations Human Development Index of education, income and life expectancy, while U.S. whites ranked first in the world, U.S. blacks were 31st (Feagin and McKinney 28). Up to 76% of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States report at least one act of racial discrimination in the workplace over a 12-24-month period. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission…...

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WORKS CITED

Bruce, Tamara A., "Racial and Ethnic Harassment in the Workplace" in Foegen-Karsten, Margaret (Ed). Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Workplace: Issues and Challenges for Today's Organizations. Praeger Publishers, 2006: 22-50.

Craig, Ronald L. Systematic Discrimination in Employment and the Promotion of Ethnic Equality. Brill NV, Leiden, 2007.

Delahunty-Goodman, Jane and William E. Foote. Evaluation for Workplace Discrimination and Harassment. Oxford University Press, 2011.

Feagin, Joe R. Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression. Routledge, 2006.

Racial Discrimination: How it Affects the People of South Africa and Its Impact on the Field of Social Work
Racial discrimination has for long been a part of the South African history. It is the country of Apartheid. Apartheid was the official policy of racial segregation implemented legally in South Africa by the ruling National Party governments from 1948 till 1994. Under the apartheid legislation, the rights of the non-white inhabitants were curtailed politically, economically, legally and socially. The white supremacy and African minority rule was in place. This meant that white people were considered superior to people of all other racial backgrounds. And that white people would get superiority having priority housing, jobs, education, and political power. Whites and nonwhites held different jobs, lived in different regions, and were subject to different levels of pay, education, and health care. The non-white population was forced out of their homes and jobs…...

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Bibliography

Allanson, P., Atkins, J.P., & Hinks, T. (2002). No End to the Racial Wage Hierarchy in South Africa. Review of Development Economics, 442-459.

Burns, J., & Van der Merwe, W.G. (2008). WHAT'S IN A NAME? RACIAL IDENTITY AND ALTRUISM IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA. South African Journal of Econimics, 266-275.

Johnstone, F. (1976). Class, Race, and Gold: A Study of Class Relations and Racial Discrimination in South Africa. University Press of America.

Keswell, M. (n.d.). Education and Racial Inequality in Post Apartheid South Africa. National Planning Commission .

Racial Discrimination in the Context Of the Death Penalty
There is much controversy with regard to topics like racial discrimination and the death penalty in the contemporary society. hen these two come together the matter is even more controversial, taking into account that opponents to both concepts can come together with the purpose of expressing their issues with the idea of racial discrimination cases in relationship with individuals sentenced to death. hen considering that several studies have shown how non-white individuals are more likely to be provided with the death penalty, it appears that the authorities are to a certain degree unable to abandon prejudice when considering race and persons who commit serious crimes.

One of the first cases in the U.S. To raise public awareness concerning the dangers associated with individuals being sentenced to death on account of their skin color is the case of illiam L. Maxwell, a man sentenced…...

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Works cited:

Baldus, D.C. (1990). Equal Justice and the Death Penalty: A Legal and Empirical Analysis. UPNE.

Dow, D.R. "Death Penalty, Still Racist and Arbitrary." Retrieved November 9, 2013, from  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/09/opinion/09dow.html 

Flowers, R.B. (1990). Minorities and Criminality. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Gross, S.R. "David Baldus and the Legacy of McCleskey v. Kemp." Retrieved November 9, 2013, from  http://www.uiowa.edu/~ilr/issues/ILR_97-6_Gross.pdf

Racial Discrimination and the Death Penalty
The United States Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that at the end of the year 2000 that there was 1,381,892 total number of prisoners under the jurisdiction of federal or state adult correctional authorities (State pp). During 2000, the prison population rose at the lowest rate since 1972 and had the smallest absolute increase since 1980 (State pp). Relative to the number of U.S. residents the rate of incarceration in prisons was 478 sentenced inmates per 100,000 residents, up from 292 in 1990, or one in every 109 men and one in every 1,695 women (State pp). In 1999, there were 3,527 individuals under the sentence of death and 84 executions (State pp).

Donna Coker reports in the June 22, 2003 issue of Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology that for the past several years the official incarceration data has revealed that African-Americans…...

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Work Cited

Baker, David V. (1993 March 22). Racial prejudice and the death penalty: a research note. Social Justice. Retrieved October 08, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Bienen, Leigh B. (1999 January 01). The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies.

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Retrieved October 08, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

Coker, Donna. (2203 June 22). Foreword: addressing the real world of racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Retrieved October 08, 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.

acial Discrimination
Modern myth or discrimination

A number of cases can be evidenced where people of color, working class women, white women as well as men of all races who were facing exclusion (segregated) from educational opportunities or jobs, or were barred from accessing further opportunities after they were admitted, have managed to overturn this and got the access through affirmative action. This became a reality after these policies got executive and judicial support that opened the way that otherwise could have never been achieved. Because of these gains, real changes can now be seen.

The ongoing debate on affirmative action tends to be more than legal issues. Finding ways of ending racism will always be a responsibility and a challenge to every individual within a society, not leaving out the organizations and institutions which have got greater impact to our lives. Nevertheless, there still exists vocal minority that is for the idea…...

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References

Claude M. Steele (1992) "Race and the Schooling of Black Americans "The Atlantic Monthly.

Retrieved September 23, 2012 from  http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/flashbks/blacked/steele.htm 

Kristin Jenkins (2007) "The Story of Race and the Classification of People: Generative or Not?"

Serendip Studio. Retrieved September 23, 2012 from  http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/283

Racial discrimination and prejudice has been a widely used theme in American literature, especially in the twentieth century. Few writers, however, have been able to provoke the reader into experiencing the trauma and distress that racial prejudice causes. The few who have managed to do so have succeeded largely by virtue of their ability to put to good use the techniques of good writing. One such technique is the use of illustrations that help readers visualize clearly the emotions and feelings of sufferers from racial prejudice. Indeed, Staples in his Black Men and Public Space uses exactly this technique to make his point about how racial prejudice can lead to the condemning of innocent African-American citizens.
Interestingly, Staples does not, at any point, try to enter into a discussion about social injustices. Instead, he concentrates on describing his personal experiences of being feared and avoided merely because he was a "youngish…...

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Works Cited

Staples, B. "Black Men and Public Space." The Rinehart Reader. Wyrick, J. ed. Third

Edition. P. 352-355.

A judge's discretion can mean the difference between a young African-American person going to jail and having his or her life irreparably damaged or being placed in a program that might have a chance to save a human being.
While judges cannot be caseworkers, they can look at the circumstances of a young offender's life to make rational and reasoned evaluations of someone's risk to society. This can be demonstrated though the example of a crack addicted mother who passes her habit to her infant. Instead of a mandatory sentence, this individual needs assistance to first overcome her addiction and educational and employment opportunities, so that she can support her child. In addition, mandatory minimum sentencing laws do not offer assistance in situations such as this. They unfairly punish African-American and Hispanic defendants as compared to whites who commit similar crimes. Nowhere is this more evident than in the examination…...

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Bibliography

Altschuler, D., Armstrong, T. & MacKenzie, D. (1999). Reintegration, Supervised

Release, and Intensive Aftercare. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, Washington, D.C.

Drug Policy Alliance. (2007). Mandatory Minimum Sentences. Retrieved July 23, 2007, at  http://www.drugpolicy.org/drugwar/mandatorymin/ .

Dunford, F., Osgood, D. & Weichselbaum, H. (1982) National evaluation of diversion projects: Executive Summary. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Loving v. Virginia - Racial Discrimination
Racial Discrimination: Loving v. Virginia

The issue presented in Loving v. Virginia (1967) was rather national basis was the proper standard of review to use in order to evaluate constitutionality. There were statutes in Virginia that may not have been constitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. Additionally, the Equal Protection Clause should not/does not allow a restriction on the freedom to marry solely based on the race of the individuals who plan to get married. There was laws enacted in Virginia that made it a felony for black and white people to intermarry, and when that took place many took issue with the constitutionality of that law

. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia upheld the law, because it stated that "racial integrity" was important and should be preserved for the citizens of the state. It was also argued that both black and white were being…...

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Works Cited

Loving v. Virginia. 388 U.S. 1, 87 S. Ct. 1817, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010, 1967 U.S. 1082. Findlaw. Retrieved from  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=388&invol=1 .

Loving v. Virginia 388 U.S. 1, 87 S. Ct. 1817, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010, 1967 U.S. 1082

Loving, 1967

Loving, 1967

Racism
Does racial discrimination affect us psychologically?

Studies concerning the effects of racial discrimination have become prevalent over the years, with researchers seeking whether there really is a significant relationship between racial discrimination and psychological effects on the individual. This research looks into existing literature about the topic, and posits that indeed, racial discrimination, particularly among African-Americans in the United States, experience not only psychological, but also physical distress due to racial discrimination in the society.

Social and psychological researches on this topic showed that an individual's perceived discrimination by others in terms of race differences results to psychological distress. According to Robert Sellers and Nicole Shelton (2003) in their study, The Role of Racial Identity in Perceived Racial Discrimination, there is a "complex role racial identity plays in the lives of African-Americans." Perhaps the most significant result of the authors' study is the tendency for African-Americans to perceive themselves as discriminated even…...

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Bibliography

Brown, T. (2001, July). Measuring Self-Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Social Surveys. Sociological Spectrum [Online Serial]. Available: EBSCO Item No. 4974783.

Pilkington, A. (1999, September). Racism in schools and ethnic differentials in educational achievement: A brief comment on recent debate. British Journal of Sociology of Education [Online Serial]. Available: EBSCO Item No. 2976973.

Sellers, R. And N. Shelton. (2003, May). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [Online Serial]. Available: EBSCO Item No. 9837175.

Utsey, S. And J. Ponterotto. (2000). Racial discrimination, coping, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among African-Americans. Journal of Counseling and Development [Online Serial]. Available: EBSCO Item No. 2701511.

Communication
Fairfax.

CORPORATE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

This memo is in response to your concern regarding racial discrimination in the corporate world. I have studied the two cases, namely that of Texaco and Denny's. This study has revealed the meaning of corporate racial discrimination, its consequences, the response of the firms that are allegedly practicing it and the methods of fostering corporate diversity.

Understanding Corporate Racial Discrimination

Racial discrimination is referred to any set of actions that discriminate on the basis of race, color, cast or creed. Discrimination usually can takes place against ethnic minorities such as African-Americans, Asian-Americans etc. In the corporate world, racial discrimination can take the form of categorizing employees, customers and suppliers on the basis of their race, cast, color or creed by treating them in a relatively negative way as compared to other races. In dealing with employees, racial discrimination takes the form of receiving low priority over people of other…...

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Works Cited

The Denny's Case Study

Segal, David. "Denny's Serves Up A Sensitive Image. Washington Post: 4/7/99.

Rice, Faye. Denny's Changes Its Spots. Fortune: 1996.

The Texaco Case Study

Sheriff Jones caused an internal investigation to b conducted.
The investigation found that Smith has not violated any law or policies of the department and further did not violate any rule regarding the use of fire arms. After all these findings disciplinary charges were made against Smith and were awarded with 30 days suspension. After a due process hearing the board which went into the issue concluded that Smith was at fault in the incident and created dangerous situations for himself the public and the victim. The 30 day suspension was upheld by the board. Against all these actions Smith went to Court alleging racial discrimination as the cause of withholding active duty from him.

Issues Presented

Prima facie on seeing the facts there are incidences that make us believe that there could have been racial discrimination. The primary fact was that Smith had vision impairment. If so, it was neither brought…...

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References

Dipboye, Robert L; Colella, Adrienne. (2005) "Discrimination at Work: The Psychological and Organizational Bases" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ.

N.A. (2006) "Burlington Northern and Santa Railway Co. v. White: Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit" Retrieved 26 March, 2009 at  http://www.scribd.com/doc/1053019/U.S.-Supreme-Court-05259 

N.A. (2009) "Chevron U.S.A. INC. v. Echazabal certiorari to the United States court of appeals for the ninth circuit No. 00-1406. Argued February 27, 2002 -- Decided June 10, 2002" Retrieved 26 March, 2009 at  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=U.S.&navby=case&vol=000&invol=00-1406 

N.A. (2009) "Murphy v. United Parcel Service, Inc. certiorari to the United States court of appeals for the tenth circuit No. 97-1992. Argued April 27, 1999 -- Decided June 22, 1999" Retrieved 26 March, 2009 at  http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=U.S.&vol=527&invol=516

It seems that the Blacks are not so good on this part, especially when compared to the Whites. Persistence, patience and the will to take action play a major role in finding the right job at the right time. If you do not have this kind of attitude, then employers would really not go after you.
Another big factor affecting unemployment rate is education. Again, comparing the Whites and the Blacks, below are the trends in their educational attainment (Byars, 2002):

85% of Whites, 25 years old or higher, have graduated high school, while there are only 79% from the Blacks

18% of Whites in the same age group are in the "some college, no degree" category while 19.7% of Blacks are in this category

9% of Whites have achieved an associate's degree, as compared to 8% of Blacks

37% of Whites have received any type of college degree, as only 24% of Blacks

Educational…...

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Reference List

Blacks, men most likely to experience unemployment. (November 2001). MLR: The editor's Desk.  http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2001/Nov/wk2/art03.htm 

Byars, Walt. (2002). Discrimination and the Black Unemployment Rate. 4Ranters.com. January 7, 2005. http://4ranters.com/detail.php?id=70

CIMINAL JUSTICE ESEACH ASSESSMENTCriminal Justice esearch AssessmentSeveral months ago, I came across a 2013 research article titled, No evidence of racial discrimination in criminal justice processing: esults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The said research article, - authored by Beaver, DeLisi, Wright, Boutwell, Barnes, and Vaughn indicated that although there is indeed evidence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system in as far as the arrest, conviction as well as incarceration in the U.S. is concerned, the said disparity could sufficiently be explained after accounting for lifetime violence as well as IQ. More specifically, in the words of the authors, although African American males are significantly more likely to be arrested and incarcerated when compared to White males, the said disparity could be completely accounted for after including covariates for self-reported lifetime violence and IQ (29).I felt that the findings were in this case somewhat…...

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ReferencesBeaver, K.M., DeLisi, M., Wright, J.P., Boutwell, B.B., Barnes, J.C. & Vaughn, M.G. ().No evidence of racial discrimination in criminal justice processing: Results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(1), 29-34. Hetey, R.C. & Eberhardt, J.L. (2018). The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(3), 183-187.

ace in Sociology
The sociology of racism, according to Clair and Denis (2015) is the study concerning racial inequality, racial discrimination, and racism and the associated features. acism basically is the domination of another race based on the percept and preconception that the dominating race is superior culturally or biologically. This thinking of superiority is used to justify the ill treatment of people from other races. acialization has led to people being divided into various groups based on physical appearances such as color of the skin, shape of the eye or hair and languages spoken, among others. These groups are then called races. acial discrimination involves unequal treatment meted to these groups and manifests itself prominently in such areas as education, income, and health.

ace is a construct of the society. It has no biological bearing, as there are no behavioral differences in humans that can be attributed to differences because of…...

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References

Clair, M., & Denis, J. S. (2015). Sociology of Racism. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from Scholars at Harvard:  https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/matthewclair/files/sociology_of_racism_clairandenis_2015.pdf 

Crossman, A. (2016). Sociology Of Race And Ethnicity. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from About Education:  http://sociology.about.com/od/Disciplines/a/Sociology-Of-Race-Ethnicity.htm 

Delinder, J. V. (2004, January). Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: A Landmark Case Unresolved Fifty Years Later. Prologue Magazine, Vol 36. Retrieved from The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration:  http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/spring/brown-v-board-1.html 

Library of Virginia. (2003). What Was Brown v. Board of Education? Retrieved September 8, 2016, from Library of Virginia:  http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/brown/whatwas.htm

1. The impact of poverty on education: exploring government assistance programs and private initiatives aimed at breaking the cycle of poverty through education.

2. The prevalence of mental health issues in society: analyzing the benefits of government-funded mental health programs and the role of private organizations in providing support and resources to individuals in need.

3. The challenges faced by homeless individuals: examining the assistance offered by government agencies and non-profit organizations in providing shelter, food, and healthcare to homeless populations.

4. The issue of food insecurity: investigating government assistance programs such as SNAP and WIC, as well as the role of food....

1. The impact of homelessness on society and possible solutions: explore programs such as housing first initiatives and supportive services provided by government and non-profit organizations to address the issue of homelessness, and provide recommendations for improving access to affordable housing and support services.

2. The stigma surrounding mental health and the need for increased access to mental health services: discuss the various government and private mental health programs available, such as counseling services and hotlines, and offer recommendations for reducing the stigma associated with mental illness and improving access to mental health care.

3. The effects of poverty on children's education....

Title 1:

The Pernicious Legacy of "Separate but Equal": Plessy v. Ferguson and the Entrenchment of Racial Inequality

Title 2:

The Supreme Court's Abdication of Justice: Plessy v. Ferguson and the Enshrinement of Jim Crow

Title 3:

The Racial Divide Codified: The Enduring Impact of Plessy v. Ferguson on American Society

Title 4:

The Whitewashing of Inequality: Plessy v. Ferguson and the Legalization of Racial Segregation

Title 5:

Separate but Not Equal: The Hypocrisy of Plessy v. Ferguson and its Devastating Consequences

Title 6:

The Sordid Tale of Plessy v. Ferguson: How the Supreme Court Betrayed the Constitution and Uphold Racial Apartheid

Title 7:

The Injustice....

Title: Ida B. Wells - A Crusader for Justice

Introduction:
- Briefly introduce Ida B. Wells as an influential African-American journalist, suffragist, and civil rights activist.
- State the thesis statement: Ida B. Wells dedicated her life to fighting against racial injustice and gender discrimination, leaving a lasting impact on the path towards equality.

Body:

I. Early Life and Education:
A. Provide a brief overview of Ida B. Wells' childhood and family background.
B. Discuss the impact of the Civil War and the Reconstruction era on her upbringing.
C. Describe her educational journey and the obstacles she....