limitations qualitative quantitative research method ways qualitative quantitative data analysed. Discuss a case study a company a specific sector choice.
The success of the process of conducting research is largely based on the methods used to gather the information and the interpretation of resources available. In order to achieve a high degree of accuracy as well as to guarantee the substantial nature of the research process, the use of special research methods such as the quantitative and qualitative analysis is vital. However, these two methods have both advantages and limitations and, depending on the way in which these methods are used, they can provide various results.

The present paper considers the two methods of analysis as applied to a case study. In the first part, it discusses the two methods from a theoretical point-of-view. Quantitative and qualitative research are rather different in the sense that they provide different perspectives of analysis:…...

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Bibliography

CIA World FActobook. (2012) Somalia.  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html 

Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1992) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1992. http://0-www.cdc.gov.mill1.sjlibrary.org/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018099.htm

Distance-based learning in global health for Africa. (n.d.) Somalia. Demography. http://tall.conted.ox.ac.uk/globalhealthprogramme/report/somalia.pdf

On the other hand, qualitative research is process oriented and usually seeks the methods by which individuals draw certain conclusions about the information under scrutiny. It is more aligned with studies on social systems that have numerous variables and properties. There would be a search for "chain" sequences that lead to events.
Criterion five, Sampling, as previously stated has very different emphasis in either of these methods. In quantitative analysis, the bigger the better is the overall emphasis on sampling size. The more data and the larger the sample, the less the variance and the more accurate the results. This is often the opposite in qualitative research. In this venue the research often has to gather a great deal of information from individual subjects. The time involved for data collection and analysis is much greater and requires more detailed analysis of meaning. Which leads to criterion six, Analysis. Analysis is…...

Qualitative vs. quantitative research
While quantitative research uses the scientific method to prove or disprove a hypothesis in a numerical fashion, qualitative research is narrative in scope and studies phenomena from a subjective, open-ended perspective. Quantitative research is deductive and proceeds from the general to the specific and usually involves studying a large population to create a general principle that can be applied to individual cases. Qualitative research studies specific cases and (sometimes) creates a general principle from those cases. Other times qualitative may be so specific and so focused upon unique cases that the research may merely present the data rather than creating a theory.

Examples of qualitative research methodologies include case studies, ethnographies, and phenomenology. Methods of qualitative researchers may include observing subjects; interviewing subjects and then coding their responses; or even participant-observer engagement with the researcher actively involving him or herself in the process of study. Qualitative grounded research…...

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References

Vine, R. (2009). Research paradigms: positivism, interpretivism, critical approach and poststructuralism. Retrieved from:

 http://rubyvine.blogspot.com/2009/10/research-paradigms-positivism.html

The time-constant covariates influence the latent variable while the time-varying predictor variables influence the independent variable. In estimation of the model the start was with a 'one-class' model with progressive adding of classes and comparison of models through use of the "Bayesian Information criterion (BIC) which compared the "expected cell frequency counts with actual cell frequency counts found in the sample data." (Ibid) Stated is that improvements in model fit "were indicated by a decreasing BIC with each successive model as classes were added and completion of the model estimation was at the point the BIC showed a rise. A descriptive analysis was conducted as well which states that "overall there was a trend toward poorer levels of SRH with each successive data collection wave." (Ibid) Stated is that the unbalanced data was handled by Latent GOLD which estimated models through use of information that was available for "each…...

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XIV. STRENGTHS/LIMITATIONS

Strengths in this study are that use of existing data saves time, costs and resources and the ability to "study larger, more representative samples and include more variables; and opportunities to examine data from a different theoretical perspective" as well as making provisions of support for primary studies in the future. (Moriarity, et al. 1999 as cited by Finnegan, Marion & Cox, 2004) Limitations of the study are stated to be are the measurement error and endogeneity. There was limited scope in measuring some of the variables of the study due to the "availability of appropriate indicators" (Ibid) Furthermore endogeneity is stated confound relationships between the time-varying predictor variables and SRH.

Nursing: Review of Quantitative Research

Wound Healing
Quantitative esearch Critique

Vogt, Uhiyarik, & Schroeder (2007) conducted a study that compared Aquacel dressing vs. standard wound care for primary closed vascular surgical wounds. The results of the study found that there was no difference in length of stay in the hospital, complications, patient comfort, or healing time between the two wound care methods. The only difference was that the Aquacel dressing required fewer changes than conventional dressings, but that it increased the cost of care significantly. The following will analyze the methodology of the study and its conclusions in terms of clinical validity.

The design of the study was a randomized-controlled trial comparing standard dressing to Aquacel dressing for vascular surgical wounds. The study design directly reflected the intended purpose of the research, the research questions, the theoretical frame with work, previous literature, and the proposed hypothesis. All patients that participated in the study underwent elective vascular surgery.

Patients were…...

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References

Vogt, K., Uhlyarik, M, & Scroeder, T. (2007). Moist wound healing compared with standard care treatment of primary closed vascular surgical wounds: A prospective randomized controlled study. Wound Rep Reg 15: 624 -- 627

scientific studies involve the use of quantitative research designs whose experiments are sometimes described as true science. In this case, the research designs employ the use of conventional mathematical and statistical procedures for measurement of conclusive results. Experimental designs used in quantitative research methods involves examining various aspects that are important in a study including F-ratio, analysis of variance, significant effects, and determining probabilistic equivalence. Generally, experimental designs in quantitative research utilize a standard format in order to generate a hypothesis that can be proved or rejected.
What is an F-ratio?

An F-ratio is a beneficial test statistic that is most commonly associated with ANOVA analysis. In this case, the F-ratio is utilized to test the hypothesis whose effects are regarded as real i.e. they are significantly different from each another. In an ANOVA analysis, the sampling distribution of the F-ratio must be discussed prior to presentation of the details of…...

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References

"Analysis of Variance." (n.d.). Chapter 8. Retrieved November 30, 2015, from  http://www.prenhall.com/divisions/ect/app/vito.Archived071807/media/CHAP8.ppt 

Gabrenya, W.K. (2003). Analysis of Variance: General Concepts. Retrieved from Florida Institute of Technology website:  http://my.fit.edu/~gabrenya/IntroMethods/eBook/anova.pdf 

William, R. (n.d.). Multiple/Post Hoc Group Comparisons in ANOVA. Retrieved from University of Notre Dame website:  https://www3.nd.edu/~rwilliam/stats1/x53.pdf 

"Variance and the Design of Experiments." (2007). Psychology. Retrieved from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill website:  http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007spring/psyc/530/001/variance.html

Field study research, including marketing focus groups and one-on-one questionnaires, beta-testing of a product by real consumers, and other qualitative endeavors, shows the real, lived experience of individuals, and how they will relate to the product and make a place for it in their lives. Marketing is about process -- the process of selling a product, not an end product, given that marketing must be responsive the environment and to the whims and psychology of consumers. The inductive nature of qualitative research allows for that type of flexibility. Reality is not objective: reality is socially constructed, subjective, and dependent upon individual whims. Understanding subconscious, subjective whims rather than attempting to replicate what consumers have used in the past enable marketing revolutions occur. Quantitative data may reflect reality, but qualitative data, by studying human life, can provide better clues about what people secretly desire, and what they will aspire to in…...

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Works Cited

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1980.

Excerpt available October 17, 2009 at  http://www.gifted.uconn.edu/siegle/research/Qualitative/qualquan.htm 

Mead, Margaret. Coming of Age in Samoa. New York: Harper Perennial, 1971.

Neill, James. (2006, July 5). Qualitative Analysis of Professional Literature. Class 6: Qualitative

combining qualitative and quantitative research methods can be beneficial in nursing and health science. Notably, the usefulness of mixed research methods in nursing is due to the complexity of the phenomena studied in nursing and health science. One of the major aspects of both qualitative and quantitative research methods is that they are usually associated with inductive and deductive approaches respectively (Casebeer & Verhoef, 2002). esearchers who use both methods tend to operate with a different series of assumptions regarding the world and learning methods about it.
Since qualitative and quantitative methods have varying approaches when conducting a nursing study, none of them is effective when used alone. However, the use of mixed research methods has several advantages and disadvantages that determine their strengths and weaknesses in nursing study. Combined methods of research has several advantages including offering narrative to add meaning to numbers and also use numbers to provide…...

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References:

Ayello, E.A. & Baranoski, S. (2005, May). Examining the Problem of Pressure Ulcers. Advances in Skin & Wound Care: The Journal for Prevention and Healing, 18(4), 192-194.

Casebeer, A.L. & Verhoef, M.J. (2002, October 29). Combining Qualitative and Quantitative

Research Methods: Considering the Possibilities for Enhancing the Study of Chronic Diseases. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 18(3). Retrieved from  http://web.pdx.edu/~stipakb/download/PA555/Qual-Quan3.htm 

Connelly, L.M. (2009, February). Mixed Methods Studies. MEDSURG Nursing, 18(1), 31-32.

nursing research: Discussion questions
uantitative research includes descriptive, correlative, quasi-experimentational, and experimentational research (Burns 2010: 21). Descriptive research describes a phenomenon, purely and simply. Correlative research attempts to determine if there is a correlation between two types of phenomenon (such as a correlation between participation in athletic sports and overweight adolescents' decrease in BMI). uasi-experimental research may have a 'control group' in the real world (such as overweight adolescents who do not participate in sports) while experimental research actively isolates extraneous variables that could affect the result in a controlled setting. Problem-solving involves setting goals and identifying solutions while the nursing process involves planning for those interventions. The research process uses clinical studies and literature reviews to identify and prescribe specific phenomenon in a more general fashion (Burns 2010: 41)

2. Phenomenology involves a description of a particular phenomenon. Grounded theory is theory which has its roots in a specific study…...

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Q3. Scientific misconduct can include falsification, in which the authors of the data deliberately distort or inaccurately report the results, usually for self-interested purposes (such as to get a particular drug approved by overstating its benefits). The construction of the experiment may be manipulated to produce a specific result, such as skewing the membership of the experimental group. Fabricating involves making up data to support a specific conclusion to bolster one's reputation or achieve a specific financial end. With plagiarism, the researchers use the data of others without giving credit, and thus profit in terms of their reputation or financially from the benefits of publishing the experiment's results. The human rights of subjects must always be protected in research -- and that includes not publishing data that could result in harm to individuals, who are treated in a particular manner, based upon inaccurate data.

Q4. A simple hypothesis states the relationship between two variables. A complex hypothesis states the relationship between three or more variables. A nondirectional hypothesis states that a relationship exists between two variables. A directional hypothesis predicts the relationship between the two variables (Burns 2010: 172-173). An associative hypothesis describes phenomenon that occur together, while causal hypothesis describes one phenomenon that causes another (Burns 2010: 168). A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two variables (and usually the researcher wants to disprove the null hypothesis). The research hypothesis states that there is a relationship between the two variables, which the researcher is usually trying to prove.

Q5. Quantitative research attempts to accumulate numerical data about a specific phenomenon. A quantitative literature review attempts to accumulate data from a vast array of different quantitative studies, to either describe or find out specific tendencies in the types of hypotheses tested regarding the phenomenon. Of course, it is rare that all studies will reach the same conclusion, so the researchers will evaluate the quality of the studies (for example, if a study produces an anomalous result, the author of the review will likely try to determine why this is the case, such as if there was too small a sampling size). The literature review may reach a conclusion about the phenomenon, based upon statistically analyzing the data. A qualitative research study merely assesses the variety of informational studies on a particular phenomenon to paint a clearer picture of the research that has been conducted to date on the subject.

"And usually, those extra earnings are more than pocket change" (U.S. Department of Labor, 2006). A study conducted by the United States Department of Labor in 2005 revealed that the differences in weekly earnings registered by the individuals without a high school diploma and individuals possessing doctoral studies can total up to $1,012. Also, the differences are easily noticeable between consecutive levels. For instance, an individual who has finished high school but did not go to college will make about $583 per week, whereas the individual who has dropped out of college will only make $409 per week. The actual statistics are revealed in the chart below:
Source: Education and Income: More Learning is Key to Higher Earnings, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics

As the trend becomes more and more obvious, the young population decides in favour of education, in the detriment of dropping out of school and…...

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Works Cited

Hoyt, S., Education and Wealth, Economy, accessed on June 10, 2008http://www.economy.comlast

Current Population Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, 2005, Ast accessed on June 10, 2008http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032005/hhinc/new02_001.html.

Economic Statistics Briefing Room - Income, Official Website of the White House,   last accessed on June 10, 2008http://www.whitehouse.gov/fsbr/income.html ,

Education and Income: More Learning is Key to Higher Earnings, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006, Retrieved at   June 10, 2008http://www.bls.gov/opub/ooq/2006/fall/oochart.pdfon 

Human Trafficking
Developing a Quantitative esearch Plan

Human trafficking: A grounded theory approach

According to the ICE, human trafficking is one of the darkest and most heinous crimes the agency investigates. Human beings are 'smuggled' into the country and forced to operate under conditions similar to that of modern-day slavery. The sex industry, domestic workers, and so-called 'sweatshops' are all common sites of human trafficking. "Trafficking in persons is defined as: sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery" (Human trafficking, 2013, ICE).

Most victims of trafficking are young and female. By far, the…...

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References

Calman, L. What is grounded theory? Manchester University. Retrieved from:

 http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/events/whatis/gt.pdf 

Human trafficking. (2013). DOJ. Retrieved from:

http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/crm/htpu.php

Measurements and Instruments for a Quantitative esearch Plan
The topic for this paper is: To what extent do African-American men who live in an urban setting and exhibit aggressive behavior due to early development factors associated with depression receive a diagnosis at local medical facilities of conduct disorder as opposed to depression? In this paper, we will discuss the method most appropriate to cover this topic and provide support for its choice.

The levels of measurement that will be important for your study and why

Scientific way of measuring is important to quantitative study. Simply because quantitative information is numeric, the gathering as well as evaluation of information coming from representative samples is much more generally utilized. In the basic form, the more reflective the sampling is, the more liable it is that the quantitative evaluation will precisely as well as accurately mirror an image of the influence of the catastrophe when generalized…...

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References

ACAPS. (2012). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment -- An Introductory Brief. ACAPS, Better Assessments -- Better Aid

Bouma, G.D. (2004). The research process. 5th ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Bryman, A. (2004) Social Research Methods (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Center for Global Development. (2006) 'When will we ever learn? Improving lives through impact evaluation.' Report of the Evaluation Gap Working Group. Washington, D.C.

Buprenorphine Induction in Primary Care
Abstract of the study provides a clear overview of the study. It introduces the uses of the buprenorphine in the primary care settings and the study grouped in the case. It provides the methodology used to study and analyze the topic. For example, it uses different methods of collecting data such as assessment, follow-ups, urine toxicology testing, and measurement of the primary outcomes associated with opioid withdrawal. The study fails to include the population size in the methodology section. It does not provide the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the study relating to the delimitations of the study. Besides, the study does not provide the age limit of the participants in the abstract section. This information is essential as it provides objective information about the study. The study provides concise information on the study findings. This is useful in predicting the results of the…...

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Lee, J.D., Grossman, E., DiRocco, D., & Gourevitch, M.N. (2009). Home

Buprenorphine/Naloxone Induction in Primary Care. Journal of General Internal

Medicine, 24(2), 226 -- 232

measurements that can be ascertained objectively. They employ statistical and mathematical data analysis; gathered through such techniques as polls, questionnaires, surveys or through manipulation of already existing data via computational techniques. Quantitative research specializes on collecting numerical data and applying it across groups in general terms, or explaining a specific phenomenon (University of South California, 2016).
Qualitative esearch

It can be inferred from the use of the term qualitative that this is a research method that centrally focuses on the quality of entities, including meanings and processes that are not examined or measured through experiments. esearchers employing qualitative methods emphasize the social structure and nature of reality. They examine the close relationship between the researcher and what they are studying. The situational differentials that affect research and inquiry are also examined. They place a lot of significance on value-filled inquiry aspect (University of South California, 2016).

Examples of Quantitative and Qualitative esearch…...

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REFERENCES

Brewster, W. Z., & Rusche, N. S. (2012). Quantitative Evidence of the Continuing Significance of Race: Tableside Racism in Full-Service Restaurants. Journal of Black Studies, Vol 43, No. 4, 359 -- 384. Retrieved from Sage Journals:  http://jbs.sagepub.com/content/43/4/359.full.pdf+html 

Meer, N., & Nayak, A. (2015). Race Ends Where? Race, Racism and Contemporary Sociology. Sociology, Vol 49, No. 6, NP3 -- NP20. Retrieved from Sage Journals:  http://soc.sagepub.com/content/49/6/NP3.full.pdf+html 

University of South California. (2016, October 28). Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from University of South California: http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative/qualitative

Conjoint Analysis
Like qualitative eseaches, quantitative eseaches also have a numbe of appoaches available to them today. The selection of the eseach appoach will depend on what type of infomation is being sought, what type of infomation is available, and the goals of the eseache. One eseach methodology that is gaining inceasing populaity is conjoint analysis, a quantitative methodology that is discussed futhe below, followed by a summay of the eseach and impotant findings in the conclusion.

Desciption of Conjoint Analysis and Examples of Business Applications

Conjoint analysis is a quantitative methodology that measues the peceived values of vaious possible poduct designs (Calantone & Di Benedetto, 1990). Respondents paticipating in conjoint analyses view seveal vaiations in poduct concepts and then assign anks with espect to thei individual pefeences (Calantone & Di Benedetto, 1990). The analysis of these esponses can be used to identify the espective utility that is associated with each of the…...

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references: Theory and practice of the contingent valuation method in the U.S., EU, and developing countries. New York:

Bowling, A. & Ebrahim, S. (2005). Handbook of health research methods: Investigation, measurement and analysis. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.

Calantone, R.J. & Benedetto, C.A. (1990). Successful industrial product innovation: An integrative literature review. New York: Greenwood Press.

Mora, M. (2011). Conjoint analysis and realism in price research. Relevant Insights. Retrieved from  http://relevantinsights.com/conjoint-analysis .

Orme, B. (2009). Which conjoint analysis method should I use? Sawtooth Software Research

Is the Research Entitled "Ethical Implications of AI in Society" a Mixed Method?

Introduction

Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research topic. Qualitative methods emphasize understanding the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals, while quantitative methods focus on objective data and statistical analysis. Determining whether a specific research project is a mixed method study requires examining the combination of methods used.

Review of Ethical Implications of AI in Society Research

The research study titled "Ethical Implications of AI in Society" explores the ethical considerations surrounding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in....

Sure, here is an example of the methodology section for a research proposal on exploring the factors influencing student dropout rates:

Methodology:

1. Study Design:
This research will employ a quantitative research design to explore the factors influencing student dropout rates. A survey will be conducted to gather data from a sample of students who have dropped out of school. The survey will include questions about demographics, academic performance, social factors, and reasons for dropping out.

2. Sampling:
The target population for this study will be students who have dropped out of school within the past academic year. A convenience sample of 200 students will....

Positivist and Constructivist Perspectives in Research

Introduction

The positivist and constructivist perspectives represent distinct paradigms in research methodologies, with contrasting approaches to understanding the nature of reality and the methods used to investigate it. This essay will explore the fundamental differences between these two perspectives in terms of their assumptions, methods, and implications for research practice.

Positivist Perspective

Positivism emerged as a dominant research paradigm during the 19th century, emphasizing the importance of objective, scientific inquiry to understand the world. Its proponents assert that reality exists independently of the observer and can be apprehended through empirical observation and experimentation.

Key Assumptions:
Reality is objective....

The nomothetic approach and the ideographic approach are two different ways of studying and understanding human behavior in psychology. Here are some ways in which they differ:

1. Focus: The nomothetic approach focuses on general laws or principles that apply to all individuals, whereas the ideographic approach focuses on understanding the unique characteristics and experiences of individuals.

2. Methods: The nomothetic approach typically uses quantitative research methods, such as experiments and surveys, to identify patterns and general trends in behavior. In contrast, the ideographic approach often relies on qualitative methods like case studies and interviews to gain a deep understanding of individual....