Pulmonary Embolism
In this text, I concern myself with pulmonary embolism. In so doing, I will discuss the causes, symptoms as well as diagnosis of this medical condition. Further, I will also describe the condition's prevention and treatment options, complications, and nursing interventions.

Pulmonary Embolism: Overview

In the words of hoades and Bell (2009), "pulmonary embolism is clearly one of the more important disorders affecting the pulmonary circulation." Pulmonary embolism is in basic terms the blockage of an artery in an individual's lung caused by blood clots originating from veins elsewhere in the body i.e. lower leg or thighs. As hoades and Bell further point out, the incidence of the disorder per annum happens to be in excess of 500,000. According to the authors, the disorder's mortality rate could easily exceed 30% especially in those instances where the same is misdiagnosed.

Causes and Symptoms

As I have already pointed out above, pulmonary embolism results from…...

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References

Chohan, N. & Munden, J. (Eds.). (2006). Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Eckman, M. (2010). Professional Guide to Pathophysiology (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

NHLBI, NIH (2011, July 01). Explore Pulmonary Embolism. Retrieved February 8, 2013, from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health website:  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/ 

Rhoades, R. & Bell, D.R. (Eds.). (2009). Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

2009). SPECT identifies the physiologic consequence of the clot rather than the clot itself. Adding low-dose CT without contract agent raises the level of confidence in the reading result. At the same time, it reduces inconclusive studies with SPECT alone from 5% to 0% when combined with low-dose CT. Furthermore, specificity improves with fewer false-positive readings from 18% - 0%. Low-dose findings explaining subtle perfusion defects otherwise perceived as PE on SPECT alone account for the improvement. The study also showed that V/Q SPECT with low-dose CT is useful as a routine method. Immobilization during the SPECT and low-dose CT procedure lasted only 20 minutes. Even critically ill patients can tolerate it. The 11 out of the overall total of 196 volunteer patients were disqualified for participation in the study because of discomfort, shortness of breath or lack of willingness to remain in supine position. Those who qualified were…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, D. And Barnes, D. C 2009, 'Computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography vs. ventilation perfusion lung scanning for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism,' 15 (5) Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins [Online] Available at  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/706957 

Bhargavan, M. et al. 2010, 'Frequency of use of imaging tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: effects of physician specialty, patient characteristics and region,'

194 (4) American Journal of Roentgenology: American Roentgen Ray Society [Online]

Available at  http://www.ajronline.org/ci/content/full/194/4/1018

EmbolismDescription of the pathologyEmbolism, also referred to as thromboembolism, is a medical condition that entails the blockage of a body artery. The blockage emanates from a blood clot ripped off from another part of the body (embolus) and transported via the bloodstream and lodging in a tiny blood vessel. According to Tarbox and Swaroop (2013, p.69), the blockage limits oxygen flow to vital tissues or stops the proper flow of blood to different organs leading to severe and life-threatening conditions. The main cause of embolism is deep vein thrombosis, where blood clots form in the leg veins. A blood clot can break free and be transported within the bloodstream blocking significant arteries to the brain, lungs, and other organs, causing an embolism in these organs.Normal anatomy of major body systems affectedEmbolism involves the circulatory system of capillaries, veins, arteries, and the heart. Embolism affects two main body organs; the brain…...

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References

Højen, A. A., Sørensen, E. E., Dreyer, P. S., Søgaard, M., & Larsen, T. B. (2017). Long?term mental wellbeing of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with venous thromboembolism: results from a multistage mixed methods study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 15(12), 2333-2343.

Kostadima, E., & Zakynthinos, E. (2007). Pulmonary embolism: pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment. Hellenic J Cardiol, 48(2), 94-107.

Tarbox, A. K., & Swaroop, M. (2013). Symposium: embolism in the intensive care unit. Int. J. Crit. Illn. Inj. Sci., 3(1), 69-72.

Lumb (2017) points out that postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) happen to be rather common and are associated with increased mortality amongst patients. In the present case, the patient presents with shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpations. The most likely diagnosis in this case would be acute pulmonary embolism. This is more so the case given that as Ouellette (2020) points out, “the classic presentation of PE is the abrupt onset of pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypoxia.” It would also be prudent to note that according to Blann (2015), clinical data indicates that a vast majority of pulmonary embolism cases are reported in the 60-70 year age group. The patient in question is 65-years-old. Pulmonary embolism could essentially be perceived as a venous thromboembolism that travels from the legs of a person to his or her lungs. One of the key symptoms that a person presents following…...

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References

Blann, A. (2015). Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Guide for Practitioners. M&K Update.

Lumb, M.A. (2017). Postoperative pulmonary complications. British Journal of Anesthesia, 118(3), 317-334.

Merli, G.J., Awsare, B. & Baram, M. (2020). Pulmonary Embolism in the ICU. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Ouellette, D.R. (2020). Does pulmonary embolism (PE) have a racial predilection? Medscape.  

Stein, P.D. (2016). Pulmonary Embolism. John Wiley & Sons.

https://www.medscape.com/answers/300901-8457/does-pulmonary-embolism-pe-have-a-racial-predilection 

Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the cost of operation while competing with other companies that manufacture products that treat similar afflictions and ailments. The complexities in drug research and development and regulations have created an industry that is subject to intense pressure to perform. The amount of capital investment investments required to get a drug from conception, through clinical trials and into the market is enormous. The already high-strung pharmaceutical industry is increasingly investing greater amounts of resources in search of the next "blockbuster" drug that can help them gain market position and profits. Laws, regulations and patents are important to the industry while spending billions of dollars in ensuring the copyright of their products.
It is the intention of this thesis…...

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Bibliography

Ansoff, H.I. (1957). Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review, 35(5), 113-124.

Ansoff, H.I. (1965). Corporate Strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Ashour, M.F., Obeidat, O., Barakat, H., & Tamimi, A. (2004). UAE Begins Examination of Patent Applications. Tamino.com. Retrieved January 18, 2004, from the World Wide Web:  http://www.tamimi.com/lawupdate/2001-01/intprop.htm 

Bain, J.S. (1954). Economies of scale, concentration, and the condition of entry in twenty manufacturing industries. American Economic Review, 44, 15-36.

Moreover, EBSCO, U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, PubMed, and Sage Publication databases also contain thousands of research articles on the TEDs, DVT, Pulmonary Embolism, Anti-Embolism Stockings and the safe use of TEDs within the clinical units.

To identify the articles and research papers relevant to the study, the paper uses the keywords to search for data from the database and the keywords include:

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT )

TEDs (thromboembolic disease stockings)

PE (Pulmonary Embolism).

TEDs Anti-Embolism Stockings

Prevention of DVT,

The goal of using the keywords is to search the articles and research papers relevant to the study. When the author submits the keywords to the database, numerous articles come out from the database and the study only selects the articles that relevant to complete this study. Using the relevant search strategies, the author has been able to source for the quality research papers to complete the study.

3.0: Analysis of Data

Data analysis…...

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References

Agu, O., Hamilton, G., and Baker, D. (1999). Graduated compression stockings for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. British Journal of Surgery, 86- 992-1004.

Covidien. (2012).T.E.D. ™ Anti-Embolism Stockings. Fastus Library. Covidien Company.USA.

National Health and Medical Research Council (2009). Guideline of Clinical practice for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) in patients admitted to Australian hospitals. Commonwealth of Australia 2009.

Miller, J.A. (2011). Use and wear of anti-embolism stockings: a clinical audit of surgical patients. International Wound Journal. 8 (1):74-83.

he researcher was able to pull up information on Venous hromboembolism hospitalizations by utilizing ICD-10 (Maynard & Stein, 2010)
Diagnosis

he clinical diagnosis of Venous hromboembolism is defective; people that are suffering with signs and symptoms of Venous hromboembolism, just 20% have thrombosis confirmed by diagnostic testing.13Clinical prediction rules have been developed to improve the probability of an accurate diagnosis. he most widely used model classifies patients into a high, moderate, or low probability of deep vein thrombosis (Maynard & Stein, 2010). When joined with research laboratory and radiological imaging tests, this method is superior to the old-style method of executing a diagnostic test in all patients with suspected Venous hromboembolism (Martinez- 2008).

Prognosis, broken down by risk groups

A lot of the Deep Vein hrombosis is occult and most of the time resolves instinctively without there being a problem. he main longstanding illness from Deep Vein hrombosis is PS, which confuses something…...

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Takahashi, H., Yokoyama, Y., Iida, Y., Terashima, F., Hasegawa, K., Saito, T., . . . Wada, a. (2012). Incidence of venous thromboembolism after spine surgery. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 17(2), 114-7.

Wolowacz, S.E., Hess, N., Brennan, V.K., Monz, B.U., & Plumb, J.M. (2008). Cost-effectiveness of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in total hip and knee replacement surgery: The evolving application of health economic modelling over 20 years. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 24(10), 2993-3006.

Zalavras, C.G., Giotopoulou, S., Dokou, E., Mitsis, M., & al, e. (2002). Lack of association between the C677T mutation in the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and venous thromboembolism in northwestern Greece. International Angiology, 21(3), 268-71.

bmj.com/cgi/content/full/325/7369/887
Pfizer, 'NEW FRAGMIN INDICATION FIGHTS SECOND LEADING CAUSE of DEATH in CANCER PATIENTS, CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMOSIS', retrieved feb 29th 2008, from, http://www.pfizer.ca/english/newsroom/press%20releases/default.asp?s=1&releaseID=160

Dirix LY,

Salgado R,

Weytjens R,

Colpaert C,

enoy I,

Huget P, van Dam P,

Prove a,

Lemmens J,

Vermeulen P. (2002), 'Plasma fibrin D-dimer levels correlate with tumor volume, progression rate and survival in patients with metastatic reast Cancer', ritish Journal of Cancer, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11875705

John a Heit, (Sep 2005), "Cancer and Venous Thromboembolism: Scope of the Problem', Cancer Control, Vol! 2, Supplement 1.

Diana M. eck, (Oct 2006), 'Venous Thromboembolism: Prophylaxis: Implications for Medical Surgical Nurses,"

MEDSURG Nursing -- October 2006 -- Vol. 15/No. 5, Available online at, http://www.medsurgnursing.net/ceonline/2008/article10282288.pdf

Race, Tara Kay SN, RN, CCRN; Collier, Paul E. MD, (July-Sep 2007), 'The Hidden Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis -- the Need for Risk Factor Assessment: Case Reviews.', Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 30(3):245-254

Susan egelman MD, 'Venous Thromboembolism', Retrieved 29th Feb 2008, from, ' http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/vthromboembolism/vthromboembolism.htm

Roxanna oelsen, RN, MS, AOCN, (2001), 'Clinical Focus: Deep…...

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Bibliography

MF Scully (2005), 'Clinical Guide Cancer and Thrombosis', retrieved Feb 28th 2008, at http://www.tigc.org/pdf/cancervte05.pdf

Alexander G. Turpie, (2002) 'ABC of Antithrombotic Therapy', British Medical Journal, available at  http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/325/7369/887 

Pfizer, 'NEW FRAGMIN INDICATION FIGHTS SECOND LEADING CAUSE of DEATH in CANCER PATIENTS, CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS', retrieved feb 29th 2008, from,  http://www.pfizer.ca/english/newsroom/press%20releases/default.asp?s=1&releaseID=160 

Dirix LY,

Direct to Consumer Advertising
HISTRY F DRUG ADVERTISING

THE DTC ADVERTISING PHENMENN

CREATING DEMAND

DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING - A WLF IN SHEEP'S CLTHING

CAUSE F DEATH

PRFIT

UTILIZATIN, PRICING, AND DEMGRAPHICS

LEGISLATIN, PLITICS AND PATENTS

LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES REGARDING DTC

RECALLED and/or DEADLY DRUGS

In order to provide the most efficient method of evaluation, the study will utilize existing stores of qualitative and quantitative data from reliable sources, such as U.S. Government statistical references, University studies, and the studies and publications of non-profit and consumer oriented organizations. Every attempt will be made to avoid sources of information sponsored by or directly influenced by the pharmaceutical industry.

Existing data regarding the history, levels, content and growth of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined. In addition, the industry's composition prior to and after the proliferation of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined, with regard to market share, type of substances sold, benefits of substances sold, and consumer benefit (or lack thereof). Perceptions regarding direct-to-consumer advertising will be revealed,…...

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On January 9, 2002, Dr. Darlene Jody, Vice President of Medical Marketing for Bristol-Myers Squibb, issued a manufacturer's "Important Drug Warning Including Black Box Information." The Important Drug Warning advises healthcare practitioners that "cases of life-threatening hepatic failure have been reported in patients treated with SERZONE." The manufacturer's Warning indicates that numerous persons have or will suffer liver failure, death or transplantation. The manufacturer's Warning also indicates that the current estimate of the rate of liver failure associated with Serzone use is "about 3-4 times the estimated background rate of liver failure." A new Warning is being added to the Serzone prescribing information, advising that "patients should be advised to be alert for signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction (jaundice, anorexia, gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, etc.) and to report them to their doctor immediately if they occur." According to Warnings, Serzone should be promptly discontinued if signs or symptoms suggest liver failure.

Vioxx belongs to a class of drugs known as COX-2 inhibitors. When the drugs were introduced a few years ago, COX-2 inhibitors were thought to be safer and more effective than other drugs such as Aspirin and Ibuprofen. However, several studies have questioned the cardiovascular safety of Vioxx. Studies indicate that people taking Vioxx have four times the risk of a heart attack.

In May 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Talk Paper about new label warnings for the popular arthritis and pain drug know as Vioxx (rofecoxib). The new label warnings are based on the results of the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR). According to the FDA, recent studies demonstrate that Vioxx is associated with a higher rate of serious cardiovascular thromboembolic adverse events (such as heart attacks, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular events). Based on the recent study, the FDA agreed with the Arthritis Advisory Committee recommendations February 8, 2001 that the label for Vioxx include gastrointestinal and cardiovascular warning information. Serious side effects attributed to Vioxx are heart attacks, seizures, strokes, or liver/kidney problems.  http://www.recalleddrugs.com

Evidenced-Based Pactice (EBP)
The objective of this study is to eview an aticle titled "Evidence-Based Pactice Habits: Tansfoming Reseach into Bedside Pactice" (Rauen, Flynn, Bidges 2009 p 46). The authos point out that nusing pactice in the United States is moe focused on the taditional-based pactice than evidence-based pactice. Many pactices in citical nusing cae ae still continuing despite that the eseaches contadicting the pactices. The study believes that insufficient administative suppot, lack of time, limited access to infomation ae the baies in the clinical-based pactice thee decades ago still exist today. While the benefits of evidence-based pactice ae well undestood, nevetheless, thee is a still a baie in tansfoming the eseach findings into pactice. To eliminate the poblems, the acceditation bodies that evaluate and mandate the EBP (evidence-based pactice) assist in moving the eseach fowad. The authos suggest that it is citical to developing a cultue of inquiy that…...

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references and research studies to find solutions to the patient's problems suffering from acute respiratory distress, heart failure, cardiac surgery and sepsis. There is also a need to make a research on the studies that discuss the hemodynamic parameters in backrest versus supine elevated position, prone position and lateral position. The authors argue that the evidence-based practice can assist the nursing practitioner to observe the difference between CVP (central venous pressure) and PAP (pulmonary artery pressure) in patients in supine and flat position compared with the position that is more than the spontaneous variability. Thus, the evidence-based research assists in enhancing a greater understanding of the positioning of the patient when monitoring patients" hemodynamic parameters.

Rauen, Flynn, Bridges (2009) further point out that a method nurses can employ in taking accurate measurements of patients hemodynamic parameters is to use the position specific reference in order to correct the hydrostatic pressure. The author believes that nurses can measure the output of the thermodilution cardiac when the bed is elevated by up to 20°. The authors also believe that the application of EBP requires nurses to investigate series of studies about patients in cardiac ICU (intensive care units) and patients in medical-surgical units to assist in obtaining the CVP and PAP of patients' supine, as well as patients with bed head elevation from 0° to 60°.

Conclusion

The EBP is the conscientious use of the available evidence to make effective decisions regarding the patient care. With integration of the clinical evidence and clinical expertise as well as using a sound methodology, nursing practitioners are able to make decisions to improve the patients' healthcare.

Reference

unning head: MATIX [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]13MATIXMatrix DocumentMatrixAPA Citation:Lassen, M. ., Gallus, A., askob, G. E., Pineo, G., Chen, D., & amirez, L. M. (2010). Apixaban versus Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis after Hip eplacement. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(26), 24872498. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1006885Variable and key conceptsThe study sought to compare the effectiveness of apixaban and enoxaparian as treatments for thromboprophylaxis following hip replacement. The hypothesis was not clearly stated, but from the background information provided, it is implicit that the researchers hypothesized that apixaban is more effective for treating venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hip replacement surgery.Sampling5,407 patients scheduled for hip replacement were recruited from 160 healthcare facilities in 21 countries to participate in the study. This is without a doubt a sufficient sample size. Potential subjects were singled out during a screening exercise conducted 14 days prior to scheduled surgery. Out of the 5,407 patients initially recruited, only 72% were…...

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ReferencesLassen, M. R., Gallus, A., Raskob, G. E., Pineo, G., Chen, D., & Ramirez, L. M. (2010). Apixaban versus Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis after Hip Replacement. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(26), 2487–2498.   M. R., Raskob, G. E., Gallus, A., Pineo, G., Chen, D., & Hornick, P. (2010). Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement (ADVANCE-2): a randomized, double-blind trial. The Lancet, 375(9717), 807–815.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62125-5 Nieto, J. A., Espada, N. G., Merino, R. G., & González, T. C. (2012). Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban and Apixaban versus Enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee or hip arthroplasty: Pool-analysis of phase III randomized clinical trials. Thrombosis Research, 130(2), 183–191.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.011 Raskob, G. E., Gallus, A. S., Pineo, G. F., Chen, D., Ramirez, L.-M., Wright, R. T., & Lassen, M. R. (2012). Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip or knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 94–B(2), 257–264.  https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B2.27850 Yan, X., Gu, X., Zhou, L., Lin, H., & Wu, B. (2016). Cost Effectiveness of Apixaban and Enoxaparin for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism After Total Knee Replacement in China. Clinical Drug Investigation, 36(12), 1001–1010.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-016-0444-5https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1006885 Lassen,

Angiography;, Types Categories, , Signs & Symptoms, Treatment, Imaging Modality
Angiography

An angiography involves the use of water-soluble X-ray contrast media by injecting it into blood streams in arteries or veins with the purpose of imaging blood vessels. The process is meant to observe normal or pathological conditions of the vessel organization. By seeing the lumen of blood vessels and organs, an angiography can provide information concerning conditions like luminal narrowing and aneurismal widening. Vessel access is essential and serious complications can appear if the substance is unable to pervade the veins and arteries, but this is rare and unlikely to occur. hile these are some of the conditions that are frequently detected through an angiography, it can also play an important role in analyzing sources of bleeding, tumors, and diverse malformations in veins and arteries.

The discovery of X-rays led to some of the first experiments with angiographies as numerous individuals involved…...

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Works cited:

Ford-Martin, P.A. (2002). Angiography. Retrieved November 14, 2013, from  http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/angiography#1 

Osborne, A.G. (1999). Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Snellen, H.A., Dunning, A.J., & Arntzenius, A.C. (1981). History and perspectives of cardiology: catherization, angiography, surgery, and concepts of circular control. Leiden University Press.

Thomas, A.M.K. & Banerjee, A.K. (2013). The History of Radiology. Oxford University Press.

Demographic Perception Survey of Patients with Atypical CP Who Present to Cardiac Care Doctors and Patient Outcomes
This study intends to examine gender differences in individuals who present to cardiac doctors with chest pain and specifically, atypical chest pain in women. The work of Debra L. Issac (2000) states that over the past ten years "there has been increasing awareness of both the importance of CAD in women and of the significant differences between men and women who have the disease. Potential gender biases, both within the medical community and within the general population of women themselves also have been identified. These gender differences and biases have the potential to influence investigation and management of suspected or confirmed CAD in women, and should be taken into consideration when faced with a woman with potential cardiovascular disease." (p.157)

Issac also states that chest pain in women is "common and often non-ischemic. Conversely, the…...

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References

Cayley, WE (2005) Diagnosing the Case of Chest Pain. American Family Physician. 15 Nob 2005. Retrieved from:  http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1115/p2012.html 

Gotzsche PC, Nielsen M. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (1):CD001877, 2011.

Issac, DL (2000) Women with Ischemic Heart Disease. Presented at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress, Vancouver, British Columbia, October 2000. Retrieved from:  http://www.stacommunications.com/journals/cme/images/cmepdf/oct01/womencv.pdf 

Khan, JJ, Albarran, JW, Lopez, V, and Chair, SY (2010) Gender Differences on Chest Pain Perception associated with Acute Myocardial infarction in Chinese patients: A Questionnaire Survey. J Clin Nurs. 2010 Oct, 19 (19-20)2720-0. Retrieved from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846222

NICE Standards
NICE Compliance Standards eview

NICE has developed a set of guidelines and standards to help minimize the risk of VTE and ensure healthcare protocols are in place to educate patients about the risks of VTE. The purpose of this literature review is to examine a tool to access a Hospital Trust compliance with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) published standards on Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. The tool will have the capability to monitor, report, and disseminate relevant information.

National Institute for Clinical Excellence

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, or NICE, is an institution whose goals including providing clinical quality guidelines and standards to help manage a nationwide database. The purpose of this database includes help improve total healthcare at multiple levels, including at the cardiovascular, vascular, mental, neurological at other levels of health (NICE, 2011). The goals of NICE include prevention of disease, treating disease, and monitoring…...

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References:

Department of Health (DH). (2010 March). "Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Risk

Assessment." Department of Health. Retrieved July 23, 2011: Publications PolicyAndGuidance

NHS Evidence. (2011). NHS Evidence: Evidence in Health and Social Care. NHS Evidence,

Retrieved July 23, 2011:  http://www.evidence.nhs.uk/

81)
This study is particularly pertinent to the Asian Internet cafes and community situation as countries like Korea have become the center of the online gaming community. "If Japan is the hub of the console industry, then neighboring South Korea is the hub of the online gaming industry - most notably, the massively multiplayer online gaming industry. " (Fahey R. 2005)

In this regard Korea is known as the world's "most wired society" (ibid) and the amount of tie spent on online gaming is very high, making it a country where rates of DVT can be expected to increase. The fact that gaming is so popular has been "implicated in the deaths of young players who played for so long that they developed deep vein thrombosis. " (ibid)

The above facts form the foundation of the present proposal. The aim of this study is firstly to ascertain the importance of computer usage…...

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Bibliography

Bode. K. (2003) Blaming the Game: Violence, addiction and DVT? Retrieved May 26, 2005. Web site:  http://www.dslreports.com/shownews/30322 

Beware 'e-thrombosis': it could be terminal. Retrieved Mat 25, 2005 from the Guardian. Web site:  http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/news/0,12597,884805,00.html 

Beware: Your PC Can Kill You. Retrieved May 27, 2005. Web site:  http://www2b.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/archives/archive74/newposts/974/topic974469.shtm 

Callaghan G. (2001) Blood Clots From Prolonged Flying or Sitting? Retrieved May 27, 2005 from Australian Magazine. Web site: http://www.karinya.com/dvt.htm