Public vs. Private Sector Unions
Public and Private Sector Unions

Collective bargaining in public sector is a recent phenomenon that became common in 1960 and started gaining momentum at the time when unionism in private sector was slowly declining (eilly, 2012). Changes in the government policies and the legal requirements made the way for the increasing unionism in the public sector. There has always been a debate regarding the issue if private and public sector unions are same; however, Troy (2003) states that public sector bargaining is not the extension of bargaining in the private sector. This paper will answer the problem statement " Are there more similarities or differences between the public sector unions and the private sector unions" by comparing and contrasting the key similarities and key differences between the private sector and public sector unions and labor relations.

Background Information

It is very essential to know the difference between private and…...

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References

Belman, D., Gunderson, M and Hyatt, D. (1996). Public Sector Employment in a time of Transition.

Industrial Relations Research Association

Holley, W., Jennings, K., Wolters, R. (2011). The Labor Relations Process, 10th Edition, South Western

Cengage Learning.

Public V Private chools
This work will argue in favor of private or school choice programs as a better alternative to public school education in the U.. The work will include in the argument both private schools that are traditionally run by wholly private entities as well as charter schools that run at a fraction of the cost of public schools, partly paid for by public school funding but able to function mostly independent of public school mandates. The work will argue that school choice is an essential aspect of diversity in education as the fact that private schools offer students lower student to teacher ratios, higher levels of personalized and student directed learning and often a better more tailored educational environment that stresses community and service learning, both in and outside the school.

chool choice has been a highly debated issue at least for the last two decades. The concern on…...

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School choice has been a highly debated issue at least for the last two decades. The concern on the part of public school entities is that private schools will seek out and retain a caliber of student higher than those who have no choice but to attend public schools. This problem historically has been kept in check with the fact that many private institutions are far more costly than public institutions on both a primary and secondary level, high tuition and high secondary costs such as additional fees, transportation and supplies. Yet, as school choice became a more and more heated topic other alternatives began to prosper across the nation, first as benchmark schools and then as public schools with alternatives, i.e. charter schools that are sanctioned by and partly funded by public school monies. It has just been over the last decade or so that public and independent charter schools have become a part of the mix, creating an alternative for students with more limited resources to attend schools that do not have high tuitions that would have priced them out of the market previously but offer an environment and curriculum that is closer to that of a private school. (DiPerna & Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice 2012) Though charter schools and private schools vary greatly it is widely held that such schools are a better option for students than public schools, with their cookie cutter curriculums more and more focused on teaching to the test.

Argument

As has been said charter and private schools tend to vary a great deal yet they offer two things that public schools cannot seem to afford to offer, lower class sizes and more personalized learning. Though all schools are not the perfect fit for all students the reality is that many of these private schools surpass their public school rivals in engagement of students and retention of students to completion of their diploma. "The [Education Longitudinal Study] ELS data show that students in private schools made better academic gains than students in public schools, even after controlling for race, income, parental education and family composition." (Forster & The Milton & Rose D. Friedman Foundation, 2007) Charter and private schools also often have more flexibility in varying curriculum beyond the extremely litigious fears of the public school, can offer more outside events to students, more service learning opportunities and more community focused events, where public schools are often limited by district review and standards for all events and curriculum decisions. Though this may not seem like a big deal the reality is that service learning is an invaluable tool for students and isolating schools through fear creates insular and

Public security personnel may do the same but only in the confines of the time and space they are in at present, and provided they can readily identify the perpetrator. Thus, if the perpetrator is within their reach and waiting for police officers to arrive on scene might render to the perpetrator an avenue for escape, the private security forces can affect a citizen's arrest because "almost all states give citizens power to effect arrests for felonies, and for misdemeanors committed in their presence [especially when the person arresting] has reasonable grounds to believe that an offense other than an ordinance violation is being committed (Pastor, 2010)." In this case, the private security officers may initiate the arrest based on this premise but thereafter, the arrestee will have to be turned over to the police for further legal processing.
Without a doubt, the delineation between private security and police forces…...

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Bibliography:

Pastor, J.F. (2010). Legal issues in private policing. SecureLaw. Retrieved May 28, 2011 from http://www.securelaw.info/art_legalissuesprivatepolicing.html

U.S. Department of Justice. (2007). Private security and public law enforcement. Retrieved May 28, 2011 from  http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2034

Finally, social networks have the ability to tag specific content down to the image and determine their privacy stings. It would be a good idea to also understand these settings as well.
How confident could/should one be that such information is kept secure?

Given the advertising-based model many of the social networking sites are reverting to, there is little probability that all information a person requests to be secure will stay that way. The business models of social networks are predicated on quickly repurposing both content and profile information of users to sell more advertising (Chen, Sharma, 2012). This will translate into an even greater level of confusion s to what constitutes public and private information in the future

(Titiriga, 2011). Ultimately the decision to leave the most confidential information completely offline, despite how one perceives its relative social value, is a wise decision (O'Brien, Torres, 2012).

What are some ways that the…...

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References

Asiimwe, E.N. (2010). Opinions of social web users on privacy and online DAM. Journal of Digital Asset Management, 6(6), 312-318.

Bernoff, J., & Li, C. (2008). Harnessing the power of the oh-so-social web. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 36-42.

Chen, R., & Sharma, S. (2012). Understanding user behavior at social networking sites: A relational capital perspective. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 15(2), 25-45.

Hugl, U. (2011). Reviewing person's value of privacy of online social networking. Internet Research, 21(4), 384-407.

The modern university is essentially an alien phenomenon in the Arab world where it lacks the societal support base enjoyed by the western university. Moreover, many of the new Arab universities, like Kuwait University, established in 1966, were either modeled after the French influenced Egyptian university -- in-turn based on semi-independent colleges -- or received their initial administrative and teaching faculty from Egypt. From this legacy is derived a significant share of the obstacles hindering organization and management reform. At the same time a variety of governmental traditions and regulations binding the university to general civil service regulations, an under-developed tradition of university autonomy and faculty participation in university decision-making, and a utilitarian concept of formal education which associates degress with employment status are among the more serious problems confronting the Arab university.

Kuwait University can be seen as a microcosm of the organizational, management and academic problems encountered in the…...

In most private schools, there are more technology tools available too, and textbooks (and even buildings) can be more modern and update. Private schools have bigger budgets for these things because they do not have to support school lunch programs, after school programs, and programs for disadvantaged parents and such, they can dedicate more of their monies to the actual educational experience, and that means that many of these schools can offer technologies and other materials that public schools simply cannot afford.
Many parents also believe that public education has become far too focused on test scores, moving children from grade level to grade level, and meeting federal mandates, rather than focusing on the children and their different needs. Many parents send their children to private schools because they believe they are more creative, nurturing, and important in a child's all around development (Mitchell, and Salsbury 43). Many private schools…...

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References

Boland, Maureen. "Public vs. Private: Which is Right for Your Child?" ParentCenter.com. 2008. 11 July 2008.  http://parentcenter.babycenter.com/0_public-vs.-private-which-is-right-for-your-child_67271.pc 

Clayton, Victoria. "School Debate: Public vs. Private." MSNBC.com. 2005. 11 July 2008.  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8743221/ 

Editors. "Public School vs. Private School." Public School Review. 2008. 11 July 2008.  http://www.publicschoolreview.com/articles/5 

Mitchell, Bruce M., and Robert E. Salsbury. Unequal Opportunity: A Crisis in America's Schools? Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2002.

Public Administration vs. Private Personnel Administration
Theories of public personnel administration as compared with private personnel administration have arose in recent decades as a result of the emergence of trends in business management. Public administration is directly dependent on the social system as well as the system of production prevalent in society and is an important element of all administrative systems. Changes in the system of production and in the patterns of international relations have contributed to the current state of public personnel administration. Furthermore, the theorists of the past such as Ogburn, Machiavelli, and Marx have offered many great contributions to our current understanding of public administration.

The practice of public personnel administration has evolved in a continuum from the Classical Management theory, through shifting emphasis on ehaviouralism, Systems theory and Contingency theory (Haque & Ahmed, 1992). Past research and theorists have suggested that the development of modern management thought and…...

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Bibliography

Berman, E. (1998). Productivity in Public and Nonprofit Organizations: Strategies and Techniques. California: Sage Publications.

Freyss, S.F. (1995). Municipal government personnel systems. Review of Public

Personnel Management, 16, 69-93.

Haque, A. & Ahmed, F. (1992). Public Personnel Administration: Tradition, Problems

There are specific daily steps that students in these working class schools must take, and in math, for example, the teacher "told them what the procedure was for each problem, rarely asking them to conceptualize or explain it themselves" (Anyon 528). And so the emphasis was on memorizing the steps, not on understanding how or why they are taken. Language arts class was much the same (copy the teacher's notes from the board). In the middle-class school, it was all about "getting the right answers." In social studies, it was the old-fashioned routine of reading the chapter and answering questions, and the same was true in language arts. "Creativity is not often requested in social studies and science projects..." Anyon writes (532).

Things were different in the affluent professional school and fathers' careers included corporate lawyer, cardiologist, engineer; difficult assignments required specific projects like film-making and script-writing; children wrote essays about…...

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Works Cited

Clayton, Victoria. "Public vs. Private School - which is best for kids?" MSNBC.com.

Retrieved April 1 at  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8743221/ print/1/displaymode/1098/

Colombo, Gary; Cullen, Robert; & Lisle, Bonnie. Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Mendez, Teresa. "Public Schools: Do they outperform private ones?" The Christian Science

public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies.
Public goods are when there is a focus on providing benefits to someone without them having to offer different forms of compensation. This is because the interests of the community will outweigh the need for making any kind of profit. Some examples of this include: fire, police, and national defense. Private goods are those products that are sold directly to consumers with the intention of making a profit. This is when a private producer, will realize that there is unmet demand and provide this to consumers. In exchange for delivering these services or products, they will receive some form of compensation. (Mankiw, 2011)

Common resources are those reserves that are available to everyone. The most notable include: the fish in the ocean, the air that everybody is breathing and public lands. While natural monopolies are when there is one organization which can…...

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References

Coffee Industry. (2010). Iowa State University. Retrieved from: -- %20Myers.pdfhttp://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ535/hayenga/protected/2003papers/Coffee%20Industry%20

Mankiw, N. (2011). Principles of Economics. Mason, OH: Thomason.

Simon, B. (2009). Everything but the Coffee. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.

" (Spohn, 2009, p. 105) However, there is a distinct advantage to having a private attorney when it comes to the sentencing aspect of the proceedings. Studies have indicated that "a higher percentage of defendants with public defenders are sent to prison." (Gaines, 2010, p. 207) There may be extenuating circumstances in this study as many who use public defenders are repeat offenders do so because they are financially destitute.
There are distinct advantages and disadvantages to using a public defender or a privately hired attorney. While public defenders are overloaded with cases, they are free and their familiarity with the system, prosecutors, and judges can work to the client's advantage. On the other hand the sheer numbers of cases public defenders must take on can restrict the attorneys attention to one particular case. And while private attorneys can expend more resources toward the case, they sometimes do not have the…...

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References

Gaines, Larry, and Roger Miller. (2010). Criminal Justice in Action: The Core. Belmont,

CA., Wadsworth/Cengage. Retrieved from    http://www.usconstitution.net/miranda.html http://books.google.com/books?id=DcTf9CQ7XAIC&pg=PT238&dq=private+vs.+public+defense&hl=en&ei=zcqETsrbNcWugQe_q-go&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ%20//%20v=onepage&q=private%20vs%20public%20defense&f=false 

Spohn, Cassia and Craig Hemmens. (2009). Courts: A Text/Reader. California: Sage

Publications. Print.

Description of Tasks: Give a detailed description of what you did this week regarding research and community engagement.This week for my research, I explored the differences between private and public schools. For a start, I did my research on what are the fundamental differences between private and public schools that involved in the examination of the economic implications, curriculum accomplishment, availability of calicular and non-curricular facilities, school culture, decline, quality of learning, management of the institution, consideration of children with disabilities, and transition success rate. The exploration of these core factors, which parents consider before determining whether their children attend public or private school, led to the exploration of other factors that affect this decision, such as the racial composition of a school population, school philosophy on religious studies, and school policies. The myriad of factors that affect the decision-making process among parents was insightful and led to the exploration…...

State vs. Private Prison
The United States prison system is designed to ensure that the members of society who have chosen to violate the law and commit crimes are suitably punished. Prisoners are sent away for a period of time based on the crime committed and the severity of that crime. Additional factors such as age, mental and emotional state, and motive may have a contribution to the sentencing of the prisoner. The prison system is comprised of both state-funded institutions and those run and controlled by private funding. Both forms of institutions serve the same inherent function, to punish those who have committed crimes and to rehabilitate the offenders so that they can be released back into society without posing a potential threat to other law-abiding citizens. Those who cannot be rehabilitated will either be executed by the state or sent to prison for a life sentence. However, there are…...

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Works Cited:

Levine, D.M. "What's Costlier than a Government Run Prison? A Private One." Fortune. 2010.

Print.

"Private Privatization and the Use of Incarceration." The Sentencing Project. 2004. Print.

Siegel, Larry J., and Joseph J. Senna. Introduction to Criminal Justice. Belmont, CA:

Private vs. Public Schools
Many parents find themselves caught in a dilemma when trying to decide on which choice of education to take for their children. They ask themselves whether to take their children to private schools or public schools. For a parent to choose the ideal school for their children they always have to take into consideration all the available options. They consider things like the cost of the school, how much time they will invest as a parent, the social impact that the school have on their children based on the specific need of their children as well as the family.

Private schools offer the best option for the parent who is in need of better and quality education for their children. Private schools have a nearly perfect graduation rates which market them a great deal. Their performance is better as compared to the public schools. This is evident in…...

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References

Mary Elizabeth, (2012). "Public Schools vs. Private Schools."Accessed May 10, 2012 from   -- private-schools.htmlhttp://www.educationbug.org/a/public-schools-vs .

Parents For Better Education America (2011). "What Every Parent Should Know About Private Schools vs. Public Schools," ASIN: B004R9QKL8. Binding: Kindle Edition. Accessed May 10, 2012 from  http://education.mitrasites.com/public-education-vs.-private-education.html 

The Council for American Private Education. (2010). Private School Facts. Accessed May 10, 2012 from  http://www.capenet.org/facts.html 

The Council for American Private Education. (2003). Academic Performance 2003. Accessed May 10, 2012 from http://www.capenet.org/Outlook/Out9-03.html#Story5

Private Finance
The private financing initiatives

When the Private Finance Initiative was launched in 1992, it was seen as a mechanism to achieve extra public-sector investment by bringing in private finance for capital projects as well as a means to improve the public procurement process that was routinely criticized for poor project management and construction cost overruns. PFIs cut across a range of public services, including hospitals, prisons, public transport, roads, and schools. Each PFI depended on the public-sector purchaser to specify the outputs or outcomes it hoped to achieve, and put private-sector capital at risk for the delivery of those outputs or outcomes. By relaxing the emphasis on input specification, PFIs sought to mobilize innovation and optimize whole-life costs and quality to meet the public requirements. The financing mechanism served to reinforce the long-term nature of the relationship by linking payments to the achievement of outputs over the life of the…...

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References

Chung, Demi. 2009. "Developing an Analytical Framework for Analysing and Assessing Public-Private Partnerships: A Hospital Case Study." Economic and Labour Relations Review 19:69+. Retrieved September 26, 2011 ( http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5033188311 ).

Flemming, John, and Peter Oppenheimer. 1996. "Are Government Spending and Taxes Too High (or Too Low)?." National Institute Economic Review. Retrieved September 26, 2011 ( http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001637892 ).

Forrer, John, James Edwin Kee, and Zhibin Zhang. 2002. "Private Finance Initiative: A Better Public-Private Partnership?." The Public Manager 31:43+. Retrieved September 26, 2011 ( http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000818745 ).

Gibb, Kenneth, and Duncan Maclennan. 2006. "Changing Social Housing: Economic System Issues." Public Finance and Management 6:88+. Retrieved September 26, 2011 ( http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5045014514 ).

Comparisons of conviction rates both in federal courts and in criminal cases that are tried in the most populous counties of the United States are statistically the same regardless of whether a public or a private defense attorney as representing the defendant (Siegel 2009; Gaines & Miller 2011). This initially suggests that there is not a great deal of difference in the selection of an attorney when it comes to the outcome of the case: prosecutors do not tend to focus resources on cases they are not fairly confident they can win, and thus the vast majority of criminal cases (ninety percent of federal cases and approximately seventy-five percent of cases in the most populous counties) result in guilty verdicts with the type of attorney having no discernible effect (Siegel 2009). This does not mean that differences don't exist, however. Though conviction rates are the same for public and private…...

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References

Gaines, L. & Miller, R. (2011). Criminal Justice in Action. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Siegel, L. (2009). Introduction to Criminal Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.