Public Policy in the State of Maryland: An Examination of evenues and Potential Funding Options
The objective of this work is to examine the funding policies in the State of Maryland of the Department of Natural esources funding allotments and to critically analyze funding decision-making in this area of economic finance for the State of Maryland. The State of Maryland invests deeply in its natural resources, which is shown by the Department of Natural esources for the State of Maryland receiving more funding than any other department according to the states' budget for fiscal year 2011.

Public Policy in the State of Maryland: An Examination of evenues and Potential Funding Options

Objective

The objective of this work is to examine the funding policies in the State of Maryland of the Department of Natural esources funding allotments and to critically analyze the funding decision-making in this area of economic finance for the State of Maryland.

Introduction

The…...

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References

NO NET LOSS OF FOREST TASK FORCE (2009) Final Report and Recommendations January 2009. Retrieved from:  http://www.dnr.state.md.us/dnrnews/pdfs/NNLTFFINALREPORT1.pdf 

Conserving Land for People (2010) Boosting Tourism. The Trust for Public Land. Retrieved from:  http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=1154&folder_id=727 

State of Maryland Budget Index (2010) FY 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.dbm.maryland.gov/agencies/operbudget/Documents/2011/Proposed/Index1.pdf 

Maryland Budget Highlights (2010) FY 2011 Department of Budget and Management. Retrieved from:  http://www.dbm.maryland.gov/agencies/operbudget/Documents/2011/FY2011BudgetHighlights.pdf

Public Policy
The process of setting congress agendas and policies has always been complex and contentious. Since some issues warrant consideration by policy makers, intense competitive exists in a position on the congressional policy agenda. This study discusses the trends in Congressional agenda setting as provided in the chart.

As seen in the chart, Bipartisan Corporation has declined in the Congress. This is considered as one of the hallmark attributes of the increasing party polarization. As the major parties move further apart from each other and become extremely homogenous, bipartisan agreements are less likely. Most polarization work focuses on individual patterns of voting and preferences instead of focusing on the type and amount of legislation, which receives partisan or bipartisan support or whether party strategy, contributes towards the polarization. This study has discovered that the rise of polarization in the ideologies of the legislature, party strategy and joint roles of preferences have…...

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References

Bartels, L.M. (2000). Partisanship and Voting Behavior, 1952-1996. American Journal of Political Science 44 (1): 35-50.

Campbell, J.E. & Jurek, S.J. (2003). The Decline of Competition and Change in Congressional

Elections. In The United States Congress: A Century of Change. Columbus: Ohio State

Gary, J.C. (2000). Reversal of Fortune: The Transformation of U.S. House Elections in the

Public Policy
The ush administration believes that hydrogen cars hold to key to reducing pollution, decreasing dependence of foreign oil, making energy more affordable and overcoming resource shortages (Onion, 2004). In ush's 2003 State of the Union address, he revealed his goal of having significant numbers of hydrogen cars on the road by 2020, pledging $1.2 billion in federal funding to achieve his objective. In 2004, the energy department included $318 million for fuel cells and hydrogen production in its 2005 budget. However, abundant evidence suggests that hybrids, not fuel cells should be the focus of public policy for the immediate future. This research discusses why public policy needs to embrace a short-term strategy involving hybrids and hydrogen research and development with a longer-term focus on selecting proven technologies.

The illusory lure of hydrogen cars is the fact that they will eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cars when driven. Unlike gasoline-driven…...

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Bibliography

Block, S. (2004, January 25). Hybrid car saves fuel, money. The Enquirer. Retrieved December 31, 2004 from Web site:  http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/01/25/biz_greencar25.html 

Driving it home: Hybrid cars overtake fuel cells in short-term comparison (2003, March 11). EurActiv. Retrieved December 31, 2004 from Web site:   type=Newshttp://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-113292-16& ;

Keith, D.W., and A.E. Farrell, 2003: Rethinking hydrogen cars. Science 301, 315-316

Korchinski, W. (2004, November). Fueling America: how hydrogen cars affect the environment. Retrieved December 30, 2004 from Reason Public Policy Institute Web site: http://www.rppi.org/ps322.pdf

Policy Proposal
The public policy proposal is that the state should have an action plan for a potential Ebola outbreak. There are several reasons for this. The first reason is the health reason, where clearly there is a need to ensure that should there be any outbreak of Ebola, that it is contained, and that it does not get out into the general public. While the odds of an outbreak are minimal, they are possible as long as people are able to travel from affected regions to our state. As such, state officials should have a plan for containing an outbreak, and dealing with the aftermath of an outbreak, which could be fairly serious in terms of public anxiety.

The second reason why the state should have an action plan for Ebola is that it requires a coordinated effort to control the spread of this disease. No one agency or person can…...

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References

Kroll, D. (2014). An ebola outbreak contained: What the U.S. And other nations can learn from Nigeria. Forbes. Retrieved October 22, 2014 from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkroll/2014/10/20/what-can-africas-ebola-containment-successes-teach-other-nations/

" (CRT, p. 1)
According to the U.S. Department of State, Costa Rica has been a Constitutional Democracy since 1949, which makes it the oldest and most stable democracy in all of Latin America. Its partnerships with the global community are therefore a matter of some inherency. But this inherency cannot be accepted without some caution. This is demonstrated by a study produced Boo (1992). Here, at the early outset of Costa Rica's effort to grow tourism, Boo's research warned that some of the risks of increased interaction between growing numbers of tour groups and protected natural lands might be difficult to project. Accordingly, Boo noted that "increasing demand for nature tourism is reflected in the number of tour operators offering tours to protected areas and in the increasing number of foreign visitors to national parks. Examples of some of the major protected areas are presented and the economic impacts of…...

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Works Cited:

Boo, E. (1992). Ecotourism: The potential and pitfalls-Country Case Studies. Organizacion para Estudios Tropicales, 2, 25-52.

Chase, L.C.; Lee, D.R.; Schulze, W.D. & Anderson, D.J. (1998). Ecotourism Demand and Differential Pricing of National Park Access in Costa Rica. Land Economics, 74(4).

Costa Rica Tourism (CRT). (2010). Welcome to Costa Rica! Tourism.co.cr.

Hearne, R.R. & Salinas, Z.M. (2002). The use of choice experiments in the analysis of tourist preferences for ecotourism development in Costa Rica. Journal of Environmental Management, 65(2), 153-163.

Public Policy and Unintended Consequences: A eview of Stakeholders and Incentives
There are a myriad of unintended consequences that relate to changes in public policy, specifically relating to management characteristics and priorities. Without taking these changes into consideration, it is impossible to impart change that will positively impact any group or population. The specific changes relative to the public sector reform in the UK are causing many unintended consequences themselves. The action and reaction to which are relatively negative from a public policy standpoint. When government changes public policy, it creates specific incentives to prioritize government resources and benefits, regardless of the goals of the reform. The Ghobadian, et. al. (2009) paper helps to develop a clear picture of just such a reprioritization and how this affects the general population. Government regulation or policy reform is important. But such reform and regulation implementation needs to occur in moderation, otherwise the government…...

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References

Evans, Anthony J. 2011. "The Financial Crisis in the UK: Uncertainty, Calculation and Error." ESCP Europe; ESCP Europe - Department of Economics.

Fisher, Justin; Phillips, Hayden; and Straw, Jack. 2009. "The Continuation of British Exceptionalism in Party Finance." Parliamentary Affairs. 62(2): 298-317

Green, Christopher J.; Pentecost, Eric, J.; and Weyman-Jones, Thomas G. 2011. The Financial Crisis and the Regulation of Finance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

Mainelli, Michael and Manson, Bernard 2011. "Small Enough To Fail: A Systems Approach To Financial Systems Reform." Journal of Risk Finance, 12(5): 119-124.

S. General Accounting Office (GAO) estimates' in 1991 stated that nearly 30% of those incarcerated had used drugs daily in the month before committing the offense for which they were in prison. y the year 2003 there were approximately 6.9 million individuals either on probation, in mail, or in prison which equals 32% of all U.S. adults residents or 1 out of every 32 adults. (U.S. ureau of Justice Corrections Statistics, 2003) There were a total of 1,470,045 inmates under State and Federal jurisdiction on the last day of the year of 2003 and 1,296,986 under controls of State jurisdiction and 173,059 under Federal jurisdiction. During the period of 1995 to 2003 the rate of growth of those incarcerated was 3.4% annually with population growth during the 12-moth period to end December 31, 3002 lower in state prisons than in local jails with the rise in state prisons being 1.4%…...

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Bibliography

United States Bureau of Justice Statistics Report: Correction Statistics 2003 [Online located at  http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm ]

Persons with Alcohol & Other Drug (AOD) Problems and the Criminal Justice System American Society of Addictive Medicine (ASAM) Public Policy [Online located at  http://www.asam.org/ppol/Criminal%20Justice%20System.htm ]

Ruikar, Vijay (2001) Detention and Correctional Facility Standards: Their Role in Field Inspection, Testing and Certification [Online located at  http://www.astm.org/SNEWS/SEPTEMBER_2001/ruikar_sept01.html ].

Montaldo, Charles (2004) U.S. Prisons: How Crowded are They?" [Online located at http://crime.about.com/od/prison/a/bjs040720_p.htm]

" (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) Questions that must be asked are those as follows: (1) Is the issue one where government can act alone? (2) Is the issue one where external actors can act alone with some influence from government? (3) Is the issue one where a mixed governance approach is required, that is, where government and external actors need to act together? (4) What external actors operate in the same field? (5) Are the external actors potential collaborators? (6) Can they regulate themselves? (7) Can their self-regulatory abilities be enhanced by means such as capacity and institution building? (8) Are indirect forms of government action appropriate as opposed to direct intervention through regulation? (9) Can new actors be found? (10) if creating new markets, can new actors be encouraged to play a role? (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) it is…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action (2007) Government of Canada. 9 Aug 2007.

Defining the Social Problem (2008) Public Policy Analyst - Project Legal Online available at: http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/Tips/select.html

Grosh, Margaret E. (1993) Five Criteria for Choosing Among Poverty Programs. Policy Research Department the World Bank 1993 October. Online available at:  http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1993/10/01/000009265_3961005101424/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf

The pluralist school is elieved to have est "captured the dynamics of the argaining process among different interest groups trying to influence the policy process, and etween these groups and policy makers (Lindlom and Woodhouse, 1993; as cited y Rosetti, 1999) in the view of Lindlom and Woodhouse the limitations that exist in terms of limitations on knowledge is readily availale during the electoral process in the U.S. These authors elieve that pulic policy making y the mass pulic is unrealistic ecause so many people are unlikely to come to any agreement however the elected officials often lose touch with the pulse of the voters. The ureaucratic system which is responsile for implementation of the policies that have een developed is that which keeps check on elected officials. The Bureaucrats have more experience in the policy function and actually end up in the role of policy maker when the…...

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bibliography/b_lindblom01.html

Lindblom, Charles E., Edward J. Woodhouse 1993: The Policy-Making Process,

Third Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, USA

3 million workers who would indirectly receive raises due to the spillover effect of a minimum wage increase. ("Minimum age: Frequently Asked Questions")
Some people have argued that increasing the minimum wage does not help to reduce poverty since most poor people do not form part of the labor force. This may have been partially true in the past when many poor families did not have any family members in the paid labor force. According to the Economic Policy Institute, however, a minimum wage increase is likely to have a greater impact on reducing poverty in future as welfare reform is now forcing more poor families to rely on their earnings from low-paying jobs. Certain studies such as the one by Addison and Blackburn (1999) found that federal minimum wage increases in the 1990s have reduced poverty rates, and another study (Sawhill and Thomas, 2001) suggests that a minimum wage increase…...

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Works Cited

Chipman, Kim. "Higher Minimum Wage No Longer Seen as Sure-Fire U.S. Job Killer." Bloomberg. Com. March 14, 2007  http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=atp2MiOAZ3Xc 

Dimock, Michael. "Maximum Support for Raising the Minimum." Pew Research Center Publications. April 19, 2006. March 14, 2007.  http://pewresearch.org/pubs/18/maximum-support-for-raising-the-minimum 

Haussamen, Brock. "Overview: The Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage." The Minimum Wage: Information, Opinion, Research. N.d. March 14, 2007.  http://www.raiseminwage.org/id24.html 

Hoar, William P. "Minimum Wage, Maximum Absurdity." The New American 28 Nov. 2005: 42+.

With corporate profits at an all- time high, the "annual $92 billion in direct and indirect subsidies to businesses and private-sector corporate entities" (Slivinski, S. May 14, 2007) would provide the funding necessary to implement the proposal.
Policy invariably comes down to political positioning, and in this case the question becomes whether the strengthening of the middle class is a more important goal then subsidizing corporate coffers. In formulating the legislation the policy model provides a realistic approach for reaching a consensus on sustainable economic development. Sound policy depends on compromise and the belief that there is recognized agreement on the ostensible outcomes of the prescribed action. Formulation, implementation, and analysis then depend on a concrete and identifiable source of measurable criterion on which to base judgment.

A general criterion model provides four platforms from which to gauge the efficacy of the policy proposal: Economic (cost-benefit), Equity (social allocation of costs-benefits),…...

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References

California State University Long Beach. (N.D.). Establishing Analysis Criteria. PPA 670

Policy Analysis. California State University Long Beach. Retrieved July 13, 2011 from  http://www.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa670/p&sch5.htm 

Fox, W., Bayat, S. & Ferreira, N. (2006). A Guide to Managing Public Policy. Juta & Company Limited.  http://books.google.com/books?id=pHZczfNlk_gC&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=institutional+model+of+public+policy&source=bl&ots=Co_GsXMnO7&sig=KIlgzR2XVjVyawT5LJEzcTqOSVY&hl=en&ei=N3cdTu20DeT30gGu3oDNBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=institutional%20model%20of%20public%20policy&f=false 

Nutting, R. (July 8, 2011). How the Bubble Destroyed the Middle Class. Yahoo Finance.

Te current ealt care policy is rater business friendly wit insurance companies wielding te power in terms of wo gets access and wo does not. Necessary policy canges include addressing te pre-existing conditions coverage tat is really no coverage at all and te coverage of care after involuntary separation from employment needs to be addressed as well.

Quality issues wit ealt care are certainly a policy issue wen speaking about Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement and subsequent outcomes from procedures supported wit federal dollars. Additionally, institutions suc as nursing omes and skilled nursing facilities are often eavily supported wit federal dollars and often ave orrible results wen speaking of outcomes measurement in areas suc as pain management, and susceptibility for a DU type I-IV, wic is a skin ulcer of increasing severity.

Terefore, te options must be compreensive to address tese aforementioned issues in a cost-effective manner. Wat te policy must not do…...

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http://search.proquest.com/docview/214264580?accountid=13044 

Hartman, M., Martin, a., Nuccio, O., & Catlin, a. (2010). Health spending growth at a historic low in 2008.Health Affairs, 29(1), 147. Retrieved

Scott, J.S. (2003). The doctor takes charge: Healthcare prospects brighten under new senate leader.Healthcare Financial Management, 57(2), 32. Retrieved

This focus on tribal or familial loyalty over loyalty to the state makes bribery and nepotism seem normal, rather than shocking. One reason that party machines are often associated with particular ethnic groups is that loyalties and communities that have banded together to sustain themselves in a new environment often use the opportunities provided by politics to find a foothold in society. Corrupt, intransigent, and non-functional governments that fail to inspire loyalty coupled with personal alliances that are stronger than the law is characteristic of corrupt cultures of governance all over the world.
To root out corruption and to change the culture of politics in a state or in a nation requires streamlining the layers of government to enable more careful surveillance by ethics watchdog agencies and the law. It also requires a change of leadership every level of government, not simply the top leadership of the state. One specific…...

Although, the bills have not yet been passed, and so there is no loan forgiveness availablility.
Representatives H.R. 2073 have said "I am writing/calling to ask the Representative to cosponsor H.R. 2073, the "Child Health Care Crisis Relief Act of 2007." This bill will grant much-needed loan forgiveness and scholarships to mental health professionals who work with children and adolescents. America's youth need proper mental health care, and H.R. 2073 will encourage mental health professionals to help address the current shortage of providers for children. Please tell the Representative that I hope he/she will support loan forgiveness for mental health professionals. Thank you for your time." (Copyright 2008, American Counseling Association)

On the other hand, the enator or cosponsor, .1572 have said, "I am writing/calling to ask the enator to cosponsor . 1572, the "Child Health Care Crisis Relief Act of 2007," which would grant much-needed loan forgiveness and scholarships to…...

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Summary Record of the 7th Meeting, Held at Headquarters, New York, on Tuesday, 27 April 1993 United Nations Children's Fund, Executive Board, 1993 Regular Session. [New York]: UN, 1993.

Shapiro a, L Seim, RC Christensen, a Dandekar, MK Duffy, DM Krol, I Redlener, and a Brito. "Chronicles from Out-of-State Professionals: Providing Primary Care to Underserved Children After a Disaster: a National Organization Response." Pediatrics. 117. 5 (2006): 412-5.

U.S. Committee for UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). U.S. Committee for United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF USA),  http://www.unicefusa.org/ .

esults can then be used to optimize the benefits and minimize the costs. Economists for example should also research the effect of the bill on specific sectors of the nation, such as the poor, and those who depend upon specific energy industries for their wealth. If such research is used to demonstrate to the public the specific projections for the future by means of a generally available report, it may be easier for citizens to accept any sacrifices that need to be made.
The public can also be included in the decision-making process that would benefit the environment and long-term sustainability. epresentatives from the public, as well as stakeholders from various industries should be included in the decision-making process. These stakeholders can then provide valuable input in finding a compromise between the need to ensure sustainable livelihoods and ensuring a sustainable environment for the future.

In its current form, I therefore…...

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References

Gethard, Gregg (2009). Study: Benefits of Cap and Trade "Far Outweigh" Costs. Retrieved from http://www.heatingoil.com/blog/study-benefits-cap-trade-outweigh-costs/

Wall Street Journal (2009, June 26). The Cap and Tax Fiction. Retrieved from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124588837560750781.html 

Washington Examiner. (2009, May 22). Waxman-Markey cap-and-trade bill stuffed full of unpleasant surprises. Examiner Editorial. Retrieved form  http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/Waxman-Markey-cap-and-trade-bill-stuffed-full-of-unpleasant-surprises-45836042.html

It is difficult to answer any question that asks about how the founders felt about anything.  While there were many more people involved in the American Revolution, resulting in some disagreement about who was a founder, there is a list of 10 people that consistently get mentioned as founders or founding fathers.  However, these 10 people were not ideologically identical.  In fact, there was a substantial amount of disagreement among them about a number of topics, including the rule of the average person in democracy.  To get a better feel for their competing ideas, you can reference....

Topic 1: The Social Exclusion of Marginalized Groups

Essay Title: Unveiling the Hidden Toll: The Profound Impact of Social Exclusion on Marginalized Communities

Introduction:
In contemporary society, the insidious forces of social exclusion continue to cast a long shadow on the lives of marginalized groups. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of social exclusion and its profound impact on these communities, shedding light on the systemic barriers, prejudices, and societal attitudes that perpetuate their marginalization. By exploring the lived experiences of those affected, we aim to unveil the hidden toll of exclusion and advocate for a more inclusive and equitable society.

Body:

1. Institutional....

1. The impact of social media on shaping public opinion
2. How political polarization affects public perception and socialization
3. The role of propaganda in influencing public opinion
4. The influence of culture and cultural norms on socialization
5. The connection between public opinion and social movements
6. The role of education in shaping public opinion and socialization
7. The impact of mass media on public opinion and socialization
8. The role of peer groups in socialization and shaping public opinion
9. The influence of family dynamics on public opinion formation
10. The relationship between public opinion and government policies.
11. The effects of socialization on individual behavior and decision-making
12.....

Policy Analysis and Evaluation

The effectiveness of different policy interventions in addressing social issues (e.g., poverty, healthcare, education)
The impact of policy changes on specific populations or industries
The role of evidence-based policymaking in improving policy outcomes
The challenges and opportunities of implementing and enforcing policy
The ethical implications of policy decisions

Policy Design and Development

Innovative approaches to policy design (e.g., behavioral economics, collaborative governance)
The factors that influence policy adoption and implementation
The role of stakeholders in policy development and evaluation
The impact of technology on policy design and implementation
The challenges of balancing competing interests in policymaking

Policy Implementation....