Public Policy in Local Government
In a general setting, the public policy is understood as a set of regulations implemented by the state in order to manage a specific issue within the parameters imposed by the current legislations. In a different formulation,

"Public policy can be generally defined as a system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives" (Kilpatrick).

The public policies implemented by the United States government are numerous and complex, to target virtually every field of life, such as education, infrastructure, business regulation and so on. While all public policies are equally important within a democratic society, there are some policies which raise more interest from the public and this is due to their applicability in a specific context, or the impact they generate within the community.

Within the modern day society, some fields of recurrent interest…...

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References:

Auriol, E. (2009). Government outsourcing: public contracting with private money. Vox.   accessed on December 17, 2012http://www.voxeu.org/article/benefits-government-outsourcing 

Figgis, H., Griffith, G., (1997). Outsourcing in the public sector. accessed on December 17, 2012http://143.119.255.92/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/9d987d06713c5f544a2565990002a1c5/ef5487324eb40557ca256ecf000a1fe5/$FILE/22-97.pdf

Kilpatrick, D.G. Definitions of public policy and the law. MUSC.   accessed on December 17, 2012http://www.musc.edu/vawprevention/policy/definition.shtml 

(2004). Taxpayers benefit from government outsourcing. American Council of Engineering Companies of Colorado.   accessed on December 17, 2012http://www.acec-co.org/legislative/TaxpayersBenefitfromGovernmentOutsourcingF.PDF 

PUBLIC COUPTION IS AN OBSTACLE TO a COUNTY'S DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC COUPTION AS AN OBSTACLE TO A COUNTY'S DEVELOPMENT

Public Corruption as an Obstacle to a Country's Development

Public Corruption as an Obstacle to A Country's Development

Public Corruption as an Obstacle to A Country's Development

Public corruption is viewed generally like an obstacle that stops equitable existence of developing countries. In many nations, corruption has been termed as an evil that bites to death. Many humanitarian organizations and aid systems as well as donor-states have distinct directives to deal with this problem in the society. In nations that have intensified occurrences of corruption, perceptions have been developed that corruption is pervasive and with immense benefits. The western nations perceive corruption with innate benefits to the involved people. While not being something to reckon in the society, corruption has destroyed many structural features of development in developing and developed nations (Gray and Daniel Kaufmann, 1998).

In many…...

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References

Alatas, H., S., (1999). Corruption and the Destiny of Asia (Singapore, Simon and Schuster

(Asia) Pte. Ltd.).

Asia-Pacific Development Journal. (2000). Corruption: causes, consequences and cures,

Asia-Pacific Development Journal. Vol. 7, No. 2.

Hence amachandra did not only discuss the problems of an illiterate powerful feudal system and leave the reader in confusion but he also gives the solution. Education is the solution he concludes.
amachandra believes that the freedom of speech and the right to select religion are also basic human rights. Yet he makes a point little tricky to understand. He says that the religious freedom is much more complex than the freedom of speech. He believes so because he says that the religious beliefs define a person's coarse of actions in life (amachandra, 2008). He believes that the right to freedom for assault is more important than the human right to be left also in deciding things. Hence he says that a person should first be protected against the evil and only then can he lead to better life that offers him rest of the human rights.

The human right fight…...

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References

Edger, B., (n.d.). "Asbury Theological Seminary the Apostolic Ministry

Of Thinking Theologically and Publically," Public Theology Notes, thinking theologically

Edgar, B., (n.d.), "Life in God: The Experience of the Trinity in Personal and Public Life,"

The Trinity in Public Life

Public Policy Analysis
Introducing more PE into schools as a way of reducing childhood obesity

Childhood obesity is one of the most commonly-identified problems facing the nation today, yet lawmakers have struggled to address it effectively because of its multifactorial nature. "It is the No. 1 health problem in children…a study this year in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that obese children were twice as likely to die of disease by age 55" (Netter 2010). The food the child consumes at home; the food the child consumes at school; the child's level of physical activity; genetics; and possibly other as-yet unidentified factors all contribute to a child's body mass. However, while there is no 'silver bullet' solution, mandatory PE classes are an important step forward in reducing obesity. "Only six states nationwide require the recommended 150 minutes of elementary school-based physical education" (PE programs, 2012, Huffington Post). This proposal uses…...

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References

Greenlaw, Ellen. (2012). What do you know about PE for kids? Web MD. Retrieved:

 http://www.webmd.com/parenting/raising-fit-kids/move/parents-pe-questions?page=2 

Netter, Sarah. (201). More students opting out of phys ed classes despite obesity epidemic.

ABC News. Retrieved:

However, there are many limitations that are seen when it comes to the public policy ideas that are generated and the value they have (Newton & Van Deth, 2005). The first limitation is the perceived value of an idea for a public policy creation or change. In other words, if the community (or at least a large portion of it) does not see the value of the idea there is very little chance that the idea will become public policy - even if it could have helped a large number of people (Audretsch, Gilbert, & McDougall, 2004). While that is not the only limitation of ideas for public policy, it is one of the strongest. In order for the policy to be modified or created, the idea to do so must get off the ground and have support behind it. That support has to come from the community and…...

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References

Audretsch, D.A., Gilbert, B.A., & McDougall, P.P. (2004). The emergence of entrepreneurship policy. Small Business Economics, 22.

Audretsch, D.B., Grilo, I., & Thurik, a.R. (2007). Explaining entrepreneurship and the role of policy: a framework, in: David Audretsch, Isabel Grilo and a. Roy Thurik (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Policy. New York, NY: Edward Elgar Publishing

Blyth, M. (2002). Great transformations: Economic ideas and institutional change in the twentieth century. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Boix, C. (2003). Democracy and redistribution. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Public Private Police
elationship between private and public police

Before discussing the relationship between private and public police it is important to understand what the terms policing, private space, and public space mean. Policing can be defined as the "preservation of peace, that is, to the maintenance of a way of doing things where persons and property are free from unwarranted interference so that people may go about doing their businesses normally" (Clifford, 1992). A public space can be defined as a space that is generally open and accessible to all whereas a private space has restrictions of access.

For quite a long time it has been the duty of public police to protect the society and the property that fall under the defined areas of operation. However, in present day it is common to find private and public police working together regularly at both private and public functions. Although some similarities may…...

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References

Clifford, D.S. (1992). "The Relation between Public and Private Policing" Crime and Justice

Vol. 15, pp. 399-434

Insurance Crime Prevention Institute Reports (1981) January.

Li, G. (2008). Private security and Public policing. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from  http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2008010/article/10730-eng.htm

Public Key Infrastructure
Email communication has strongly increased in the last couple of years and its still growing. It's hard to find a company which doesn't use email to run its business processes both within the company and with external business partners and clients. Therefore, the eminent security threat to the company's network infrastructure and content of the company products should be priories. The use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) would eliminate the threat. Public key infrastructure (PKI) can be defined as the use of public key and private key pair for authentication and proof content (H Johner, 2010).

Its combined hardware and software component, policies and different procedures together to avail stick security regulation. The public key infrastructure (PKI) is called certificate and work as digital indemnification. It offers certainty of quality of information sent and received electronically and the source and destination of such information. The information with a public…...

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Reference

IQ Suite (2009). Public-Key Infrastructures and the Encryption Methods PGP and S/MIME

PKI Fundamentals -- iQ

Adonis (2005). An Introduction to PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)

Site:  http://www.articsoft.com/public_key_infrastructure.htm

Public Health Care Agency and Contribution to Core Functions of Public Health
The objective of this study is to examine a public health agency and its contribution to the core functions of public health. The public health agency chosen in this study is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also known as the CDC for short states its mission as being that of collaborating to "create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health -- through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability, and preparedness for new health threats." (2012, p.1) The CDC is stated to be in search of partners throughout the United States and the world who will assist in accomplishing the CDC's mission in monitoring health; detecting and investigating health problems; conducting research to enhance prevention; development and advocating sound public health policies; implementation…...

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Bibliography

Business Practices (2012) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/about/businessPractice.htm#Imp 

Employment (2012) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdc.gov/employment/recruitment/ 

CDC: Mission, Core Values, and Pledge (2012) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from;  http://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm 

Top Jobs and the CDC (2012) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdc.gov/employment/menu_topjobs.html

Some of the communication technologies include news content, internet (social media platforms), campaigns, billboard advertisements, and organized interaction forums
. These technologies are essential in enhancing interactions between the society and the state thus promotion of good or effective governance. Communication practices are forms of communication such as language, setting, mode, target audience, and content of information shared between the sender and the receiver. Communication practices and technology focuses on the promotion of transnational, public spheres, publics, and counter-publics across the globe.

The public sphere provides space for communication of ideas and projects thus valuable decisions within the institutions of the society

. The global civil society focuses on the organization and expression of values and interests of the society. Polity of the society relates to the relationship and interaction between the government and civil society through the concept of the public sphere. The process of globalization has enhanced the development of…...

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References

Gestrich, Andreas. 2006. "The Public Sphere and the Habermas Debate." German History 24,

no. 3: 413-430.

Aestheticisation. 2006. "In Key Concepts in Political Communication." Retrieved from  http://www.credoreference.com/entry/sageukpc/aestheticisation 

Ziyaad Lunat. 2008. "The Internet and the Public Sphere: Evidence from Civil Society in Developing Countries." EJISDC (2008) 35, 3, 1-12

Public Sector Unions
Public-Sector Unions in United States

HISTOY OF PUBLIC SECTO UNIONS

COSTS OF PUBLIC SECTO UNIONS OVE THEI BENEFITS

DEMOGAPHICS OF LABO IN AMEICA

EDGE OF PUBLIC-SECTO UNIONS OVE PIVATE ONES

THE HIDDEN COSTS OF PUBLIC UNIONS

THE DISTOTION OF DEMOCATIC POLITICS

STATE UNIONS VS. FEDEAL UNIONS

THE FUTUE OF PUBLIC SECTO UNIONIZATION

HISTOY OF PUBLIC SECTO UNIONS

Labor unions are seen as the representatives of the labor employed in our industries and are known as the advocates of the labor's rights. Although labor unions are supposed to fight for the rights of the working class but whether it is performing the role assigned to it efficiently or not, is still a matter of question. America has a century long history of labor unions. The earlier part of the century showcases a violent attitude in the labor unions' activities which grew calmer in the later end. What made it change its perspective and how is labor union seen today…...

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REFERENCES

Adler, J. (2006). A Word (or Two) about Public Sector Collective Bargaining. Public Personnel Management, 35(4), 261+. Retrieved May 11, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020031015 

Belman, D., & Heywood, J., & Lund, J. (1997, July). Public sector earnings and the extent of unionization. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 50, # 4. Retrieved from:  https://www.msu.edu/~drdale/Publications/Public%20Sector/Public%20Sector%20Earnings%20and%20the%20Extent%20of%20Unionization.pdf 

Bennet, J. & Master, M.R. (2003). The future of public sector labor-management relations. Journal of Labor Relations, 24(2) 533-544.

Brown, K.C. (2010). Public-sector unions. Retrieved from the Monthly Review.org web-site:  http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2010/brown200510.html

The assessment becomes biased, especially when a PSC is compared to the PPP bid of a willing company. Moreover, if un-affordability and budgetary limits exclude traditional procurement, the project will not progress. This is the case when the submitted bids do not reflect value for money and there is no delivery. This situation and the strong desire to deliver may indicate an inclination to bias the PSC to make PPP represent value for money (OECD). #
ILIOGRAPHY

DFPNI. OC and FC Requirements. Northern Ireland Guide to Expenditure Appraisal

and Evaluation: Department of Finance and Personnel, 2010. Retrieved on January 19,

2012 from http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/index/finance/eap-ppp/eag_obc_OCandFCRequirements.htm

Leigland, J. Is the Public Sector Right for Developing Countries? Gridlines number 8,

PPIAF, Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, 2008. Retrieved on January 17,

2012 from http://www.info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/240061/1STHEO~1.PDF

OECD. Public-Private Partnerships Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2008.

Pangeran, M.H. And Wirahadikusumah R.D. Challenges in Public Sector Comparator

for id Evaluation of Public-Private Partnership's Infrastructure. MICCE: First

Makassar International…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

DFPNI. OBC and FBC Requirements. Northern Ireland Guide to Expenditure Appraisal

and Evaluation: Department of Finance and Personnel, 2010. Retrieved on January 19,

2012 from  http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/index/finance/eap-ppp/eag_obc_OBCandFBCRequirements.htm 

Leigland, J. Is the Public Sector Right for Developing Countries? Gridlines number 8,

If we can institute more policies to make STEM education within our higher education system more inclusive, we can assume that this diversity will make STEM attractive to minority students. In order for policy makers to know where to begin with minority students, they need to know what is preventing them from getting a good STEM education, what factors have contributed to minorities who are successful in this field and what can be done to improve student's interest and success in STEM. There are a number of factors which can prevent minorities' access to a STEM education. School funding is one of the biggest obstacles. From an economic perspective, more funding is poured into the schools in wealthier neighborhoods than in poor neighborhoods. This means that the schools in wealthier districts will have more opportunities at a better education than students in the poorer districts ("Factors in K-12 Education," 2011).

Low…...

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References

Atkinson, R.D. (2012). Why the current education reform strategy won't work. Issues in Science & Technology, 28(3), 29-36.

Bybee, R.W. (2010). Advancing STEM education: A 2020 vision. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30-35.

Duff, M. (2012). 10 steps to creating a cutting-edge STEM school library. Young Adult Library Services, 10(2), 24-28.

Factors in K -- 12 education that influence the success of racial and ethnic minority students in the STEM circuit. (2011). ASHE Higher Education Report, 36(6), 27-52.

evenues for the Miami Dade Police Department 2011 to 2012

evenue Source

Amount (in thousands of dollars)

General Funds

$488,535

911 Fees

$13,249

Parking / Traffic Surcharges

$4,190

Federal Grants

$9,204

Carryover

$15,738

Contract Services

$63,262

Miscellaneous

$4,172

("FY 2011-2012 Budget," 2011)

These numbers are showing how the Miami Dade Police Department receives additional forms of income from various fees, contract services, grants and other programs. The combination of these elements is used to provide the community with protective services.

How are the revenue amounts expected to change in the future?

The U.S. Government

In the future, revenues for the U.S. government are expected to increase. Evidence of this can be seen by looking that the below table (which is showing income projections from 2012 to 2014).

evenues Projections for the U.S. Government from 2012 to 2015

Year

Individual Income Tax

Corporate Income Tax

Social Insurance and etirement eceipts

Excise Taxes

2012

$1.16 trillion

$370.24 billion

$869.60 billion

$65.06 billion

2013

$1.35 trillion

$347.74 billion

$959.07 billion

$88.05 billion

2014

$1.47 trillion

$429.59 billion

$1.38 trillion

$98.57 billion

("Fiscal Year 2013 Budget," 2012) ("Fiscal Year 2013 Historical Tables," 2012)

These figures are indicating that…...

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References

City of Miami Annual Budget. (2012). City of Miami. Retrieved from:

 http://www.miamigov.com/Budget/pages/budget_books/FY12_Book.pdf 

Fiscal Year 2013 Budget. (2012). GPO. Retrieved from:

 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2013-BUD/pdf/BUDGET-2013-BUD.pdf

Public, Personal Clouds
Amazon Web Services is an anthology of remote computing services, which make up a cloud-computing platform provided by Amazon. Nevertheless, Amazon is a renowned company in the Web business, but other companies such as Apple have a big market share. Some of the services offered by Amazon include Amazon EC2, and Amazon S3, the latter is a storage service where people can store their things, such as documents photos, or music (Amazon, 2013). The is the popular Amazon Cloud Drive, which the company established as a business strategy to raise its market share in an attempt to bridge the competitive gap from Apple.

The drive is external, and works in a similar manner as the common computer hard disk because its main purpose is storage; however, it is online-based. Most importantly, one can access the Cloud Drive from any browser, and the company offers its consumers a limited space…...

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References

Amazon. (2013). Service legal agreement EC2. Amazon Web Services. Retrieved 22 December

2013 from  http://aws.amazon.com/ec2-sla/ 

Amazon. (2013). About AWS. Amazon Web Services. Retrieved 23 December 2013 from  http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/ 

Apple. (2013). iCloud terms and conditions. Apple. Retrieved 22 December 2013 from https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/iCloud/en/terms.html

Public Needs to Know
Is it possible to balance the public need to know and the need for secrecy on issues relating to national security? This is a question that has been floated in quite a number of forums. While there are those who push for absolute or partial secrecy when it comes to issues touching on national security, others are convinced that the public need to know should be upheld by backing a free press. I support the latter view.

In a society considered truly self-governing, authority is delegated to political leaders, judges and legislators and the public largely depends on free information flow so as to engage in meaningful debate and make relevant contributions on public issues. According to Killenberg (2007), majority of "Americans lack the means and time to stay fully informed." This in the author's opinion has meant that members of the fourth estate have to play the…...

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References

FRONTLINE (2007, February 7th). Interviews: Dean Banquet. Retrieved January 28th, 2012, from PBS website:  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/interviews/baquet.html 

Killenberg, G.M. (2007). Public Affairs Reporting Now: News of, by and for the People. Oxford: Elsevier.

Citing a web resource in MLA format requires you to provide specific information about the source you used. In some cases, you won't be able to locate all the information. When that happens, provide as much as you can. Overall, you should provide the name(s) of the author(s), the name of the article (in quotation marks), the title of the webpage, project, or book (in italics), the publisher information, the page numbers (if there are any), and publication medium, and the date accessed. As an example: Author, A. "Article about MLA style." The webpage where you found the article. The place....

According to the University of Washington School of Medicine, the obligation for confidentiality is not an absolute one. There are legal regulations that limit a patient's right to privacy, as well as regulations that protect that right. The two main exceptions where you could break confidentiality are: (1) Concern for a specific, identified person other than the patient (this could be a spouse or child, or it could be a person unrelated to the patient in any way). (2) Concern for the welfare of the general public (this is usually seen if the patient is found to have a highly infectious or....

....

Copyright infringement is very similar to plagiarizing. It involves taking other people\'s ideas without giving them credit, or even posting large portions of their work on your website or using it in some other, public way. Fair use means there are a number of words or a portion of another type of work (like a picture, etc.) that can be used without infringing on copyright. Using information available on the web can be a good choice to add to a blog or website, but it is very important to cite where the information came from. If it is possible to....