Psychoanalytic Theory and Behavioral Theory
There are numerous types of psychological theories and with them approaches for modifying human happiness and behavior. Psychoanalytic theory and behavioral theory are two of the most overwhelming and notable theories in this field. Exploring them adequately not only illuminates the field of mental health, but the truly endless possibilities for treatment approaches for a professional in this field.

Psychoanalytic Theory

"This is one of the oldest theories of psychology in which patients are viewed within a model of illness or 'what is lacking'" (Grohol, 2004). Each person is viewed as being composed of a particular dynamic that starts when they are extremely young and then proceeds throughout life; this theory focuses on the idea that all problems or issues which adults face can find their origins in one's childhood (Grohol, 2004). This type of therapy is so traditional and widely considered extremely "old school," so much so…...

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References

Cherry, K. (2013). What Is Behavioral Therapy? Retrieved from About.com:  http://psychology.about.com /od/typesofpsychotherapy/a/behavioral-therapy.htm

Corey, G. (2011). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.

Grohol, J. (2004). Types of Therapies. Retrieved from Psychcentral.com:  http://psychcentral.com/therapy.htm 

Herkov, M. (2006). About Behavior Therapy. Retrieved from Psychcentral.com:  http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/about-behavior-therapy/

Theory
Classical psychoanalysis is the most challenging of all the psychotherapies in terms of time, cost and effort. It is usually conducted with the patient lying on a couch and with the analyst seated out of his/her sight, to hear what the patient has to say. The treatment sessions last about 50 minutes and are normally held four or five times a week for at least three years. The primary technique used in psychoanalysis, as well as in other dynamic psychotherapies, which consists in permitting the unconscious material to enter the consciousness of the patient, is called "free association."

According to Freud, the patient "is to tell us not only what he can say intentionally and willingly, what will give him relief like a confession, but everything else as well that his self observation yields him, everything that comes into his head, even if it is disagreeable for him to say,…...

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References cited by Early, Theresa J., GlenMaye, Linnea F

Early, Theresa J., GlenMaye, Linnea F.,Valuing Families: Social Work Practice With Families From A Strengths Perspective, Social Work, Mar2000, Vol. 45, Issue

Bhugra, Dinesh, Bhui, Kamaldeep Racism In Psychiatry: Paradigm Lost -- Paradigm Regained, International Review of Psychiatry, May-Aug99, Vol. 11, Issue 2/3

Beck, Evelyn Torton, Stepakoff, Susan (Shanee), Lesbians In Psychoanalytic Theory And Practice, Feminist Studies, Fall2000, Vol. 26, Issue 2 cited in Rock, Barry, Congress, Elaine, Social Work The New Confidentiality For The 21st Century In A Managed Care Environment, May99, Vol. 44 Issue

Mulvey and the Cinema
Laura Mulvey uses psychoanalytic theory to discuss the appeal of the erotic in narrative cinema and how the images projected on screen play upon "pre-existing patterns of fascination" within the audience (6). The point of reading is that such images have a political use, which has been appropriated by studios, which a feminist audience can readily identify as a "phallocentric order" (6). From the feminist perspective, the psychoanalytic theory offers a substantial insight into the social constructs that are used to engineer films for mass audiences, already saturated by a form of social-engineering from the various socio-political platforms erected on televisions, personal computers, phones, etc.

The reading continues with a run-down the of the different pleasures that cinema affords the viewer -- whether "scopophilia" or narcissism (10). The cinema projects images of superstars but at the same time allows the viewer to project an image of himself in…...

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Works Cited

Mulvey, Laura. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Screen, vol. 16, no. 3 (Autumn

Psychoanalytical Theory
Psychoanalytic theory started off with the work of Sigmund Freud. Throughout his clinical work with people suffering from mental illness, Freud came to believe that childhood experiences and unaware desires contributed to a person's behavior. Based on his observations, he developed a theory that described development in terms of a series of psychosexual stages. According to Freud, disagreements that take place during each of these stages can have a lasting influence on one's character and actions (Cherry, 2011).

Psychoanalytic theory was an extremely influential force throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Those enthused and influenced by Freud have gone on to expand upon Freud's ideas and develop theories of their own. Of these neo-Freudians, Erik Erikson's ideas have become possibly the best known. Erikson's eight-stage theory of psychosocial development describes growth and change all through the lifetime, centering on social dealings and disagreements that take place during different…...

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References

A Brief Outline of Psychoanalytic Theory. (2009). Retrieved from http://homepage.newschool.edu/~quigleyt/vcs/psychoanalysis-intro.pdf

American Psychoanalytic Association. (2011). Retrieved from  http://www.apsa.org/ 

Beystehner, K.M. (2001). Psychoanalysis: Freud's Revolutionary Approach to Human

Personality. Retrieved from  http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beystehner.html

Genital Stage (from puberty on into life) is a time when sexual urges are having an impact on the person. Adolescents begin to direct their desires on members of the opposite sex (www.AllPsych.com).
Defense Mechanisms -- Freud. Arthur Clark writes that Freud listed a total of 17 defense mechanisms; some of those include "conversion, displacement, isolation, projection, repression, and retreat or withdrawal from reality" (Clark, 1998). "Unconscious processing" means that when threatened a person is not consciously thinking about the threat; "subjective distortion" means putting the onus on the counselor or someone else rather than absorb the threat. "Denial" is probably the most obvious defense mechanism and intellectualization is another one. A woman I know cheated on her boyfriend and when a friend told the boyfriend that she was seen having lunch with another man, she denied it was romantic and claimed it was a job interview. The boyfriend was…...

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Works Cited

All Psych Online. (2008). Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development / Psychology 101.

Retrieved April 8, 2012, from  http://allpsych.com/psychology101/sexual_development.html .

Cherry, Kendra. (2010). Freud & Women: Freud's Perspective on Women. About.com.

Psychology. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from  http://psychology.about.com .

Comparison of Psychoanalytic and Psychosocial Social Theories of Personality OutlineOverviewAccording to the psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud, three aspects make up personality. The aspects include ego, superego, and id. The theory argues that such aspects collaborate to develop complex behaviors in human beings (Caligor & Kernberg, 2005). Every aspect is believed to influence a persons personality uniquely. Also, the three aspects interact in perspectives that substantially impact an individual.Nonetheless, each personality element takes place in different instances of life. For example, it generates psychic energy, which includes the personality component (Ewen, 2014). The id is then followed by the ego, which guarantees that impulses of the id are portrayed in a manner that is admissible in the real world (Newman & Newman, 2015). Later at the age of five, the superego establishes itself. These three aspects are diverse and interact to influence behavior.On the other hand, the psychosocial theory of…...

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References

Caligor, E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2005). A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders. Major Theories of Personality Disorders. (2), 114-145.

Ewen, R. B. (2014). An introduction to theories of personality. Psychology Press.

Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2015). Theories of Human Development. Psychology Press.

Personality Theories
Psychologists have described personality as specific way of feeling, thinking and self-conduct (Mcleod, 2014) of an individual. Personality is the constantly changing system in the minds of individuals and made up of specific psychological traits that influence their specific self-conduct and thinking. Personality is the combination of behavior that distinguishes a person. The personality of a person is affected by genetic and biological factors as well as factors such as upbringing, environment etc.

Personality theories are broken down into two classes:

• Trait theories of personality that believe that personality depends more on biological factors

• State theories, which see upbringing and societal factors as the major determinants of personality

This paper will be exploring two personality theories: Hans Eysenck's Personality Theory and Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory.

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

This theory of personality believes that our differing personalities arise from the communication between what Sigmund Freud described as the three basic composite parts…...

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REFERENCES

Boundless. (2016, August 17). Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality. Retrieved December 14, 2016, from Boundless Psychology: https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/personality-16/psychodynamic-perspectives-on-personality-77/freudian-psychoanalytic-theory-of-personality-304-12839/

McLeod, S. (2014). Theories of Personality. Retrieved December 14, 2016, from Simply Psychology:  http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.html

Personality Psych Analysis of Tony Soprano Psychodynamic Theory
Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality makes the argument that human behavior is resultant of the interrelations amongst three constituent parts of the mind including the id, ego, and superego (Petocz, 1999). This theory of personality lays substantial significance of the manner in which conflict, more often than not unconscious, amongst the areas of the mind end up shaping an individual’s behavior and personality. The Id deals with instantaneous satisfaction of basic physical needs and desires and it functions completely unconsciously. The Superego takes into account social rules and morals, and is largely referred to as a person’s conscience. The Superego develops as a child progressively learns what is deemed to be right or wrong. Lastly, the ego, unlike the instinctive Id and the ethical superego, the Ego is the sensible, realistic part of an individual’s personality (Caducci, 2015). It…...

Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality
The three major psychoanalytic theories and approaches to personality could not be more different. Freud, who focuses on early childhood and sexual urges, differs from Jung who focuses on the unconscious, who differs from Adler who focuses on human motivation and superiority (Weiten, 2005). Of course, what they all have in common is trying to tease out an understanding of human personality. This paper will compare and contrast each of Freud's, Jung's, and Adler's psychoanalytic approaches, as well as two characteristics in which this author agrees or disagrees with the theories presented. Then the focus will mainly be on Freud and his structure to personality, and finally using real world examples for his defense mechanisms. Overall, this paper strives to present a well-rounded view of Freud's theory, and the theories of his time.

The structural model for Freud's psychoanalytic theory is based on three different levels of personality;…...

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References

Burger, J.M. (2008). Personality. (7th ed., pp. 40-107). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Weiten, W. (2005). Psychology themes and variations. (6th ed., pp. 329-336). Belmont, CA:

Thomson Wadsworth.

Psychoanalytic Model (Object elations)
In this paper, the object relations psychoanalytic model will be employed for solving a family issue; the family in question is taken from movie. The paper will further delineate key object relations concepts, the theory's assumptions, and its application to the aforementioned movie.

The chosen model

The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is driven by acts of aggression and that of sexual drives. Instead, psychoanalytic theory proposes the notion that man is primarily driven by a need to forge relationships with others (i.e. contact). Object relations therapists aim to aid clients in uncovering early mental pictures that can further any current problems in their associations with other people, and adapt them to improve interpersonal performance.

Basic Concepts in Object elations

The word 'object' in the object relations concept does not denote inanimate things but rather,…...

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References

Balk, D. (1996). Models for understanding adolescent coping with bereavement. Death Studies, 20: 367-387.

___. (1990). The self-concepts of bereaved adolescents: Sibling death and its aftermath. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5(1): 112-132.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.

Daniel, V. (2007, October). Object Relations Theory. Retrieved from Sonoma State University:  https://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/objectrelations.html

Psychoanalytic Model (Object elations)
The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is driven by aggressive and sexual drives. Instead, psychoanalytic theory puts forward the notion that man is primarily driven by a need to forge relationships with others (i.e. contact). Object relations therapists aim to aid clients in uncovering early mental pictures that can further any current problems in their associations with other people, and adapt them so as to improve interpersonal performance.

Basic Concepts in Object elations

The word 'object' in the object relations concept does not denote inanimate things but rather, it refers to significant individuals with whom one relates -- often, one's father, mother, or a primary caregiver. This term is also sometimes employed in referring to some part of an individual (e.g., the mental depictions of the important people in life, the mother's breast,…...

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References

Good therapy. (2016, May 9). Who Practices Object Relations? Retrieved from GoodTherapy.org:  http://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/object-relations 

IPI. (2016). Object Relations Therapy. Retrieved from International Psychotherapy Institute:  http://www.theipi.org/about-ipi/teaching-philosophy/36-general/about-ipi/82-object-relations-therapy 

Scharff, J., & Scharff, D. (1992). Scharff Notes: A Primer of Object Relations Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Psychology Theories
In psychology, personality can be described as the "the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations" ("personality," 2013). Psychologists may make use of idiographic or nomothetic techniques in order to study personality of an individual. Many characteristics of human behavior can be examined while studying one's personality. To put in simple words, personality theories are utilized for organizing what is known, stimulating new research, and specifying a view of personality in a formal way (Kasschau, 1985). Psychoanalytic theory, person-centered theory and existential theory are three such theories which have been developed in the precedent century and cover a lot of information regarding the pathology, health/wellness, treatment and the weight or significance of early life.

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

The Psychoanalytic Theory was put forwarded by Sigmund Freud in which he…...

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References

Diem-Wille, G. (2011). The Early Years of Life: Psychoanalytical Development Theory According to Freud, Klein and Bion. London: Karnac.

Gurman, A.S., & Messer, S.B. (2003).Essential Psychotherapies: Theory and Practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Kasschau, R.A. (1985). Psychology: Exploring Behavior. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. Print.

Kitano, M.K., & LeVine, E.S. (1987). Existential theory: Guidelines for practice in child therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24(3), 404-413. doi:10.1037/h0085732

andura's social cognitive theory is similar with Skinner's behaviorist theory, in so far as the role of the external environment on the individual is concerned. However, andura's theory differs from Skinner's in that the former extended the relationship between the individual and external environment to include, at the same time, the influence that the individual's behavior has on his/her external environment. andura's theory illustrates a seemingly 'reciprocal' relationship between the individual and the external environment: the latter affects the former in exchange for a positive outcome, while the former affects the latter as part of his/her continuous cycle of personality development (424).

From the discussion of these three perspectives of the psychology of human personality, significant differences that highlight the importance of each tradition emerge.

The humanistic tradition looks into the internal traits of the individual, positing that these internal traits are what ultimately shape the personality of a person. The cognitive…...

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Bibliography

Buber, M. And C. Rogers. (1997). The Martin Buber-Carl Rogers Dialogue: A New Transcript with Commentary. Albany: University of New York Press.

Freedheim, D. And I. Weiner. (2003). Handbook of Psychology, Volume 1: History of Psychology. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Santrock, J. (2001). Psychology. NY: McGraw-Hill.

g. If one eats something salty it is possible to have a dream involving drinking water.
On the other hand, though Hobson and McCarley put forth a model that has been validated empirically to a certain extent, their theory gives a nonspecific explanation in that it refers to a general level of neural activation which generates dreams; the synthesis part involves the integration of disparate sensory, motor, and emotional elements by making use of memory integrated events which allow interpretation. Their model is too general and unspecific, while the Freudian theory suggest a complex process with several stages and different significance attached to them.

Freud's theory offers a deeper insight into the quality of dreams by reinforcing their meaningfulness, their role (they are the manifestation of repressed wishes), and, most importantly, Freud emphasizes that dreams are a particular condition of thinking, fact that was taken into consideration by his followers.

eferences

Chapter 4

http://occonline.occ.cccd.edu/online/cbasile/So.%20Ch%204%20N.htm...

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References

Chapter 4

http://occonline.occ.cccd.edu/online/cbasile/So.%20Ch%204%20N.htm

& #8230; in its heyday there was elitism and arrogance among psychoanalysts, a sense of having superior knowledge that set us up for a fall" (Altman, ¶ 3). In a field that claims to possess knowledge of the unconscious, Altman asserts, this constitutes an occupational hazard. To counter the temptation to feel more knowledgeable than others, whether patients or the public in general, therapists who practice psychoanalytic therapy, need to remember that the depths of their own unconscious realms are as unfathomable as those they treat.
Psychoanalysis, nevertheless, possesses particularly valuable offerings, despite numerous attacks on meaning. Due to the fact that people currently, continuing to move faster and faster as they pursue success and security. Consequently, "thoughtfulness and self-reflection get crowded out. People are instrumentalized, working around the clock, on their cell phones and e-mail and Blackberries, allowing themselves to be exploited in the service of the corporate bottom…...

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REFERENCES

Altman. N. (2007). Renewing psychoanalysis for the 21st century. Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy. Heldref Publications. Retrieved October 01, 2009 from HighBeam

Research:  http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-171440479.html 

Bacal, H.A. (2007). Discussion of Judy Pickles's case presentation from the perspective of psychoanalytic specificity theory. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. The Analytic Press, Inc.

Retrieved October 01, 2009 from HighBeam Research:

I. Introduction
A. Brief summary of "The Nickel Boys" by Colson Whitehead
B. Explanation of the purpose of the analysis
C. Thesis statement

II. Overview of Literary Theory
A. Definition of literary theory
B. Explanation of different types of literary theory
C. Discussion of the relevance of literary theory to the analysis of "The Nickel Boys"

III. Application of Psychoanalytic Theory
A. Explanation of psychoanalytic theory
B. Analysis of the characters in "The Nickel Boys" through a psychoanalytic lens
C. Discussion of how psychoanalytic theory enhances our understanding of the novel
....

Inanna's descent to the underworld has had a significant influence on modern storytelling and popular culture in a variety of ways. Here are some examples:

1. Archetypal themes: The story of Inanna's descent is often seen as a classic example of the archetypal hero's journey, where the protagonist undergoes a transformative experience in the underworld before returning to the surface world. This theme has been replicated in countless modern stories, from novels and films to video games and television series.

2. Symbolism: The myth of Inanna's descent is rich in symbolism, with themes of death, rebirth, sacrifice, and transformation. These themes have....

1. The study of human behavior in psychology has undergone significant evolution over the years, from early foundational theories to modern interdisciplinary approaches. Understanding human behavior has always been a central focus in psychology, as it seeks to unravel the complexities of the human mind and behavior. By exploring the various influences and factors that shape human behavior, psychologists aim to provide insights into human cognition, emotions, motivations, and actions. This essay will delve into the evolution of the study of human behavior in psychology, tracing its historical roots, key theories, and contemporary perspectives.

2. The early beginnings of the....