When placed within a historical context, Progressivism was truly progressive for its willingness to embrace change while preserving human rights and social justice.
Progressivism did not address all aspects of social justice and human rights, however. The movement failed to acknowledge racism and the abject failure of Reconstruction to have dealt with the legacy of slavery. Progressivism focused on urban issues often by neglecting the needs of Americans who still lived in rural regions. Moreover, many progressive politicians opposed liberal immigration policies and especially targeted aspiring immigrants not from Western Europe. Perhaps the most insipid manifestation of progressivism's ironic backwardness was the fact that many progressive leaders supported social Darwinian ideals and were outspokenly racist. Progressivism made great inroads in preparing the United States for its role as a world superpower. At the same time the movement revealed disturbing trends in the American consciousness that continue to plague the nation…...

hile Roosevelt felt that the private sector, influenced by progressive ideas, could reform American society, ilson wanted a more active role by the government and feared that the private sector, or "the combined power of high finance would be greater than the power of the government." (ilson) on the other hand was the least radical of all the progressives discussed: Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt's idea of progressivism, discussed in the 1910 article "The New Nationalism," was a private sector that remained capitalist, but under the influence of the government. For instance, while ilson wanted to destroy monopolies, which he felt were undermining the capitalist system, Roosevelt wanted to regulate them for "the interests of the public welfare." (Roosevelt)
During the 20th century, American society did not completely transform in the way that either Debs or Croly predicted it would, but vacillated back in forth between the progressive ideas of ilson and…...

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Works Cited

Croly, Herbert. "Progressive Democracy," Pearson Education, 1914. Web. 27 June 2012.

 

TESOL Weekly eflection
I think that post-modern thought can be both good and bad (helpful and problematic) in terms of its impact on education today. For example, it can be helpful in the sense that it rejects or counters the modernist view (situated in the Enlightenment) that pure eason can find an answer to all life's mysteries (Knight, 2008). Post-modernism points out that humans are often irrational in their thoughts and actions and that the subjective experience of the person is really all anyone knows. While I disagree with this point that subjectivity is all anyone knows, I view it is a helpful way to counter the emphasis on pure eason. At the same time it can be harmful if it is allowed to displace objectivity and truth completely. The post-modern perspective suggests that there is no real truth or at least no real way to it. I think this is…...

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References

Haynes, C. (2009). Schools of Conscience. Educational Leadership, 66(8). Retrieved

from  http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/may09/vol66/num08/Schools-of-Conscience.aspx 

Knight, G. (2008). Issues and alternatives in educational philosophy (4th

ed.). Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press.

Progressivism flowered in the first two decades of the 20th century for a number of different reasons. First, there was a national pushback by the Populists against immigration (and the ethnic Europeans—i.e., Catholics—who were coming to America and bringing their non-Protestant views and behaviors with them). This led to a crackdown on “vice” such as drinking alcohol, which led to Prohibition (and, ironically, the rise of crime—bootlegging—among gangsters), and unjust working conditions. To be fair, the working conditions at the turn of the century were not great. As Chapter 22 shows, many workers faced conditions like these: “twelve-hour days in stifling, crowded workrooms, weekly paychecks of only $3 to $15, fines for the tiniest mistakes, deductions for needle and thread, even for electricity,” and so on (p. 593). Progressivism at home was thus a reaction against the ills of society—from corruption in politics (as seen in Tammany Hall in NYC)…...

targets of the "muckrakers" of the late 19th and early 20th centuries? How did the concept of "social justice" fit into these reform movements?
Muckrakers were progressive journalists and authors who targeted corrupt capitalists, like the meat manufactures of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle and the railroad owners of Sinclair's novel The Octopus. Also, cartoonists such as Thomas Nash targeted corrupt machine politicians, such as Tammany Hall's Boss Tweed, and photographer Jacob Riis took photographs of impoverished immigrants in urban tenements. Justice for the ordinary person against the machine, as both a laborer and an electoral voice was the conceptual impetus behind both of these branches of the muckraking movement's authors and graphic artists.

How did the role of women begin to change during this time period? hat impetus helped to encourage this change? hy do you think it took so long for women's suffrage to be realized?

It was argued that suffrage…...

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While the ratification of the 18th Amendment regarding Prohibition did not have a long-lasting effect in limiting alcohol, it did create a profoundly influential illegal economy in the nation regarding the transportation and sale of drugs. On a more positive note, electoral reform efforts such as the secret ballot and direct election of senators did enfranchise the common populace in a more hands on fashion, paving the way for civil rights legislation and empowering all politically excluded groups, such as women and Blacks, later on.

Teddy Roosevelt's phrase describing his foreign policy was "Speak softly and carry a big stick." How do you see this relating to America's foreign policy in 2005? In your opinion is this a legitimate style of foreign policy especially with global terrorism as a major issue?

Roosevelt's punitive and activist policy seems to be commensurate with current United States policy -- but not, unfortunately, his choice to speak softly, as American rhetoric regarding its desires to limit terrorism has often exceeded real American knowledge, such as Iraq's capacity to manufacture weapons of mass destruction.

Now we have examined two extremes in educational thought that have developed over the past century. Teacher centered and student centered philosophies differ significantly in their approach to the student-teacher relationship. Teacher centered philosophy does not depend on the student's wants and needs at all. Teacher centered philosophy uses antiquated methods, such as rote learning. However, these methods are quickly being replaced by a more student-centered approach. Student centered approaches to learning are an important part of the new technologically advanced society. The following will explore the role of student-centered philosophies in the emerging technological tends

Teaching Philosophies and the Changing Society

The emphasis of essentialism and perennialism is on standardization and the learning of material. This style of learning is authoritarian and disciplinarian. The study is acted upon and has no choice or preference in the material or the method by which they choose to learn it. They are simply an…...

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References

Aretakis-Fredo, a. (2003).

Literacy Review. Retrieved June 14, 2007 from  http://ashleyfredo.tripod.com/Social%20Reconstructivism.htm .

Bagamery, B., Laslik, J.J., & Nixon, D.R. (2005). Determinants of success on the ETS business major field exam for students in an undergraduate multi-site regional university business program. Journal of Education for Business 81 (1), 55-59.

Bondy, a (1999) Visually us: Validating the curriculum for MA-ori students. Unpublished MEd thesis. VUW.

("Progressives in Power," the California Historical Society, 2004)
Next, the elected progressives enacted the first system of workers' compensation, which made employers liable for industrial accidents that harmed their workers. Employers had not been liable for this in the past. Before, injured workers were simply left to their own devices, so employers had no incentive to spend the money to help workers that their unsafe factories had maimed. The state legislature adopted an eight-hour workday for women in 1911, and, two years later, as the result of lobbying efforts by worker's rights progressive activist Katherine Philips Edson, the state legislature passed a law creating a minimum wage for women and child workers. ("Progressives in Power," the California Historical Society, 2004)

The progressive rule in California also changed the structure of the state government. For the first time, Californians could directly create laws or constitutional amendments through a motion known as initiatives.…...

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Works Cited

Progressives in Power." The California Historical Association. 2004. [13 Oct 2006]  http://www.californiahistory.net/8_pages/reform_progressives.htm

Progressivism1One of the most notable changes was the introduction of antitrust legislation, which sought to break up monopolies and encourage competition. The Progressive Era also saw the passage of laws regulating child labor, as well as new regulations regarding working hours and conditions. Furthermore, Progressives pushed for greater transparency in business dealings, leading to the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reforms helped to create a more level playing field for businesses, and ultimately led to a more robust economy.Also, big business was reformed through tariff and banking reforms initiated under Woodrow Wilson. For instance, the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914 gave the federal government oversight of corporations. And the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 gave farmers access to low-rate federal loans so that they could compete with big businesses more fairly and not be pushed out of the market. Additionally, the Adamson Act of 1916…...

Jeffrey a. Daniels, C. Bradley, Daniel P. Cramer, Amy inlker, Kisha Kinebrew, and Deleska Crockett interviewed a counselor that dealt with a difficult hostage taking situation and talked the student involved into surrendering. Apparently, counselors are most qualified to deal successfully in this kind of situations.

Article critiques," written by Susan Student, examines several papers by counselors who touch the relationship between man and computer, which is taking dramatic proportions. The article is written in order to make counselors more aware of their present situation and it is supposed to emphasize the responsibilities that counselors have.

orks Cited

Sullivan, J. Engeland, J. (2008). Educational Theories.

Moyer, M. Sullivan, J. Student Risk-Taking Behaviors:hen Do School Counselors

Break Confidentiality?

Davis, T. Elementary and Middle Level Counselors' Courtroom Hearing.

Daniels, a.J., Bradley, M.C., Cramer D.P., inkler, a., Kinebrew, K., Crockett, D. In the Aftermath of a School Hostage Event: A Case Study of One School Counselor's Response.

Student, S. Article Critiques....

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Works Cited

Sullivan, J. Engeland, J. (2008). Educational Theories.

Moyer, M. Sullivan, J. Student Risk-Taking Behaviors:When Do School Counselors

Break Confidentiality?

Davis, T. Elementary and Middle Level Counselors' Courtroom Hearing.

Theodore Roosevelt in this sense tried to tackle the issue by intervening for the miners, for instance. However, an essential idea is related to the desire of the government to increase its power and intervention possibilities in order to better control the corporations that were created as a result of the industrialization process. These were sources of constant impoverishment for the population (Pease, 1962, 163-5).
However, the population reacted in a different way than expected by the political actors. Indeed, from the point-of-view of the labor unions, their number increased and a certain collective mentality was formed, one which allowed them to further fight for the rights of the employee (Pease, 1962). Even so, there were individuals who reacted negatively considering that the Progressive Era was in fact a socialist perception of the economy, rather than a means to create progress for the population in the country.

The forces which shaped…...

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Bibliography

Browne, Gregory M. The Progressive Era. N.d. 14 May 2008.  http://www.yorktownuniversity.com/documents/progressive_era.pdf 

Jenkins, P. A history of the United States. New York: Palgrave, 1997.

Pease, Otis. The Progressive Years: The Spirit and Achievement of American Reform. George Braziller. New York. 1962.

Warde, William F."The Rise and Fall of Progressivism." International Socialist Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, Summer 1957, pp. 83-88. Available at http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/marxists/archive/novack/works/1957/x01.htm

motivated progressives and how they began to use the government as a moral agent for change and the impact of Progressivism upon society and government during the early decades of the 20th century. The central question that will be addressed will be to answer to what extent he Progressive Era was actually progressive. In particular, we will pay attention to the limits of progressive reforms in the history of the United States. Progressives fought for such issues as women's suffrage and better labor and health regulations (Rodgers, 1982, 115).
Progressivism in America was a broad-based movement for reform that reached its apogee in the early 20th century. hile reformist in nature, it was middle class. It grew in response to the changes brought on by industrialism, modernization (for example the rise of the railroads) and corruption in American politics. Largely, it grew in response to tragedies such as the Triangle…...

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Works Cited

Muckrakers. (2011). Retrieved from   .http://www.ushistory.org/us/42b.asp 

Rosa, P. (2010). The triangle shirtwaist fire. Retrieved from http://www.historybuff.com/library/refshirtwaist.html.

Rodgers, D.T. (1982). The promise of american history. Reviews in American History,, 10(4), 113-132.

During the turn of the century, maverick muckraking journalists dug up dirt on unfair labor practices including the use of child labor. Muckrakers also drew attention to unsanitary working conditions and the lack of systematic health regulations in meat and food production. President oosevelt responded by initiating a series of labor-related legislation including the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. However, oosevelt at the same time publicly denounced muckrakers and lent them their derogatory name. oosevelt's passion for environmental conservation reflected his personal interests and beliefs more than it did the results of investigative journalism. Environmental conservation emerged as of the main issues that distinguished the progressivism of oosevelt and that of Wilson.

Presidents oosevelt and Wilson transformed the role of the federal government in the United States. Both wielded their executive powers to protect the rights of the poor and working class, to abolish some of the powers of…...

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References

Theodore Roosevelt." AmericanPresident.org. Retrieved Oct 6, 2006 at http://www.americanpresident.org/history/theodoreroosevelt/

Theodore Roosevelt." Wikipedia. Retrieved Oct 6, 2006 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt 

Thomas Woodrow Wilson." AmericanPresident.org. Retrieved Oct 7, 2006 at http://www.americanpresident.org/history/woodrowwilson/

Woodrow Wilson." Wikipedia. Retrieved Oct 7, 2006 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson#Presidency_1913-1921

Progressivist Museums
The progressivist philosophy of culture, which posits that advancements in science, technology, social, and economic development are crucial in the development of advanced societies, and that societies advance from a state of barbarism toward a more civilized state, is evident in the modes of display of some of the most popular museums in the world. These museums, The Louvre in Paris, Pitt Rivers in Oxford, and the Smithsonian in D.C., use the progressivist ideology to promote both a cultural theory and a strident nationalism rooted in the belief that its citizens are advancing towards the promise of a better tomorrow. This paper will show how these museums do so.

As Andrew McClellan states, "the public for art is diverse and divided by interests and levels of knowledge."

Appealing to and uniting these diverse interests is what a progressivist museum must do in order to guide its public to its cultural goal.…...

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Bibliography

Coombs, Annie E. "Museums and the Formation of National and Cultural Identities."

Oxford Art Journal, vol. 11, no. 2 (1988): 57-68.

McClellan, Andrew. "A Brief History of the Art Museum Public." Art and Its Publics.

Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.

Women's History
The passing of time does not necessarily denote progress: women made little noticeable social and economic advancement and almost no political or legal advancements between the European settlements of Jamestown in 1607 until the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877. In fact, most Native American women lost a considerable degree of power and status due to the imposition of European social values on their traditional cultures. African women, brought to the New World against their will and in bondage, likewise did not enjoy the fruits of social progress. White women of European descent, however, did make some progress over the course of more than two centuries of early American history. Divorce laws became more favorable toward women, who over the course of these few centuries were increasingly able to extricate themselves from violent, abusive, or unsatisfying unions. However, divorce laws were one of the only legal progress women…...

There are others though that believes that learners are born with certain innate capabilities that are then shaped and formed from the outside (Montessori theory, 2011)
No matter which theory one looks at though the bottom line is that each philosophy is based on the idea that everything possible should be done to encourage as much learning as possible. All philosophies are based on the fact that education should be about learning and that no matter how the learning takes place, what environment is takes place in or under what circumstances the edn result should be something was learned. Educational philosophy in general believes that in order for people to be successful and productive they must learn as much as possible and that this should be done by way of formal education.

eferences

Chinn, C. (2012). Epistemological Beliefs. etrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/epistemological-beliefs/

Evers, W.M. (2012). How Progressive Education Gets it Wrong. etrieved from http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/6408

Gray,…...

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References

Chinn, C. (2012). Epistemological Beliefs. Retrieved from  http://www.education.com/reference/article/epistemological-beliefs/ 

Evers, W.M. (2012). How Progressive Education Gets it Wrong. Retrieved from  http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/6408 

Gray, P. (2009). Rousseau's Errors: They Persist Today in Educational Theory. Retrieved from  http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freedom-learn/200902/rousseau-s-errors-they-persist-today-in-educational-theory?page=2 

Jean-Jacques Rousseau on nature, wholeness and education. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm