A primary is another system of electing delegates with a mandate to vote for a given candidate. Unlike caucuses, primaries are votes conducted by the government on behalf of the political party. This vote can be open, closed, semi-closed or semi-open. Open primaries allow citizens to vote in both parties' primaries; semi-closed only the primary for the party you belong to (independents may vote in these as well) and in closed primaries only registered members of a party may vote in that primary.

The specific rules for the conduct of caucuses and primaries will vary from state to state and between the different parties as well. ashington State has both a primary and a caucus. This adds to the complexity of the system, but provides each state with the opportunity to create a system that works best for their needs.

A presidential caucus is a caucus specifically designed for the selection of…...

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Works Cited

Barack Obama Campaign Website. Retrieved October 31, 2008 at  http://www.barackobama.com/issues/ 

John McCain Campaign Website. Retrieved October 31, 2008 at  http://www.johnmccain.com/Informing/Issues/ 

Bob Barr Campaign Website. Retrievd October 31, 2008 at http://www.bobbarr2008.com/issues/

Additional position information from OnTheIssues.org. Retrieved October 31, 2008 at  http://www.ontheissues.org/default.htm

Presidential Campaign
revolves under the presidential leadership from its formation. The presidential candidate has to undergo an electoral process so that they are declared winners. The nation has faced challenges like the world wars and even the civil wars due to differences in ideologies. The paper is going to cover U.S. political campaign of President oodrow ilson in 1916 as well as how this campaign differs from that of 1912? U.S. political campaign of President Lincoln in 1864 and its strongest factor. In what ways are the ilson election and the Lincoln elections similar? How does the threat of orld ar I affect ilson's campaign? And how did the threat of Civil ar affect Lincoln's campaign.

U.S. political campaign of President oodrow ilson in 1916

Campaign in Europe was dominated by fighting. The campaign for oodrow ilson's re-election was based on a pledge of continued neutrality in the Great ar within Europe. He…...

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Work cited

Donald, David Herbert, Jean Harvey Baker, & Michael F. Holt, The Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: W.W. Norton & Company), 2001, 427.

Harold M. Dudley. "The Election of 1864," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Mar., 1932), pp. 500 -- 518 full text in JSTOR

Howland, Harold . "Theodore Roosevelt and His Times, a Chronicle of the Progressive Movement" (TXT, ZIP). Project Gutenberg.   Retrieved 2006-12-23, July 2001.http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=2724 .

Leary, William M., Jr. (1967). "Woodrow Wilson, Irish-Americans, and the Election of 1916." The Journal of American History (Organization of American Historians) 54 (1): 57 -- 72. doi:10.2307/1900319. JSTOR 1900319.

Also, viewers may perceive the negative advertising as an infringement upon their right to decide for themselves. Such a perception may result in reactance, a boomerang effect in which the individual reacts in a manner opposite to the persuader's intention. What these studies show, then, is that a candidate is never going to know how for sure how a negative ad may impact the voters. In the long run, it may be best to keep away from mudslinging unless able to deal with the consequences.
TV debates are another form of communication that provide input on issues and may impact the voters. Naturally, the debate that comes to mind first is the one between Kennedy and Nixon in 1960. Because Nixon hurt himself right before the TV lights came on, so he was not only exhausted but in pain as well. To top it off, his face always had a…...

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References

Basil, M., et.al. (1991). "Positive and Negative Political Advertising: Effectiveness of Ads and Perceptions of Candidates." In Frank Biocca(Ed), Television and Political Advertising. Vol.1. (pp. 245-262). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Benoit, W.L. (2000). Another visit to the theory of image restoration strategies. Communication Quarterly, 48, 40-43.

Cambpell, A. The Great Equalizer. Website retrieved November 14, 2005.  http://www.museum.tv/debateweb/html/equalizer/essay_campbell.htm 

Fishkin, J. American Prospect. Website retrieved November 14, 2005.  http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=5227

Pesidential Election and the State of the Maket
finance and capital maket fluctuates to both positive and negative events. It is agued that the pesidential election in Novembe 2012 in the U.S. can have woldwide financial amifications. Thee ae aguments fom economic agencies like Bloombeg that thee is an impotance of elections fo the makets, but it is stated that some of the feas ae myths. The U.S. pesidential election in Novembe 2012 has got the financial maket in volatile conditions. This it is agued is because of some individual peceptions. Some of the myths ae that 'paty affiliation mattes when it comes to maket etuns.' (Koesteich, 2012) Thee it is agued, no scientific basis fo this contention. Thee is also the obsevation that when the democat becomes pesident, the aveage etun fo the Dow Jones is 8.5%; fo Republicans the aveage is aound 6%." (Koesteich, 2012)

Some of the investos…...

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reference:

Ro, Sam. (2012b) "Seven Fascinating Facts About How U.S. Presidents Affect The Stock Markets" The Business Insider Magazine,

 http://www.businessinsider.com/us-presidents-stock-market-2012-3?op=1#ixzz23irlFiGD 

References

Davidson, Liz. (2012) "Financial Tips During A Presidential Election Season" Personal

U.S. PESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF
When considering the context of American history, 2012 was a year that saw many important anniversaries. One of these was the 100th anniversary of the critical U.S. Presidential Election of 1912. Some of the important players in this election were Theodore oosevelt, William Taft, Woodrow Wilson, and socialist Eugene Debs. This election was historic for a number of reasons, some of which the paper will expound upon. The paper will consider some of the factors that made this election significant and noteworthy, as well as consider if there are any remnants of the election present within American politics, government, and culture in the 21st century.

The election of 1912 was a great contest for the 32nd presidency of the United States of America. World War I would be on the minds of many and international policy definitely played a role in the journey of each candidate for…...

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References:

Kolansky, W. (2011). The Election of 1912: A Pivotal Moment in History in Antitrust History. Antitrust, 25(3), 82 -- 98.

Leuchtenburg, W.E. (1952). Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898 -- 1916. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 39(3), 483 -- 504.

Schambra, W. (2010). 1912: The Election that Preserved America. The Election that Transformed America: Teddy Roosevelt, the 1912 Election and the Progressive Party. Book and Seminar: The Heritage Foundation. Available from:  http://www.heritage.org/Events/2010/03/The-Election-that-Transformed-Americahttp://www.heritage.org/Events/2010/03/The-Election-that-Transformed-America .

Wilson, W. (1913). The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People. New York and Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, Page, & Company. Print and online. Available from:   2013 January 22.http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14811/14811-h/14811-h.htm#II .

Agenda-Setting and the Presidential Election:
The agenda-setting function of mass media has largely been influenced by concerns regarding news coverage and the public's view about the significance of the stories covered by mass media. Consequently, some theorists have stated that news editors and anchors have a relatively significant impact on determining the public's views of social reality. hile there were concerns on the ability of a particular story covered by news media to affect the public's attitudes and opinions, mass media has a huge influence on people's thinking and perception. This is because mass media influence the amount of thinking that people engage in regarding a particular story, which can lead to an increase on the relative importance of that specific issue (DeFleur & Ball-Rokeach, p. 264).

One of the major influences that the agenda-setting function of mass media has had on shaping public perceptions is presidential elections. Based on the findings…...

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Works Cited:

Avlon, John P. "The Wall Street Journal: What Independent Voters Want." Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, Inc., 20 Oct. 2008. Web. 21 July 2011. .

DeFleur, M.L., and Ball-Rokeach S.B. Theories of Mass Communication. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 1989.

Edsall, Thomas B. "Independent Voters Swing Dems' Way." The HuffPost Politics. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc., 5 July 2007. Web. 21 July 2011. .

Malone, Jim. "Iraq, Health Care Major Issues in 2008 U.S. Presidential Election." Voice of America: A Trusted Source of News & Information. VOANews.com, 26 Oct. 2007. Web. 21 July 2011. .

2012 Election
Primary Factors Contributing to Obama's Victory in 2012 Presidential Election

For some, the outcome of the 2012 U.S. presidential election was a foregone conclusion; incumbent presidents rarely lose their second election, and the challenger did not provide enough of a contrast to warrant a change in leadership at this point in history. For others, it came as a sudden surprise, an unexpected upheaval that challenged the very premise of their worldview. In either case, the theories about how arack Obama secured a second term abounded even before the vote counting was officially over, and there is no shortage of opinions of the subject. While it is difficult if not impossible to attribute the outcome to any single factor, a close analysis can at least provide some insight into which factors played the biggest part. Performing this analysis reveals that a combination of concerted get-out-the-vote efforts, a mutable, inconsistent opponent, and…...

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Bibliography

Blow, Charles. "Election Data Dive." The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 09

November 2012. Web. 2 Dec 2012.

"Changing Face of America Helps Assure Obama Victory." Pew Research Center for People

and the Press. Pew Research Center, 07 November 2012. Web. 2 Dec 2012.

Consequences of the Presidential Election of 1912
The 1912 presidential election had significant outcomes and consequences on the history of the United States. This election was contested by four candidates including a former president, a current president, and a future president who campaigned on different platforms and agendas in attempts to woo voters. This presidential election was characterized by some drama before the election date, particularly in the Republican Party, and highlighted the major differences between progressive and conservative governance policies. The presidential election of 1912 was conducted at a time when the Republican Party was characterized by the emergence of a rift between conservatives, led by the incumbent President William Howard Taft, and Progressives that was led by the former president, Theodore Roosevelt. While these two presidential aspirants had been close friend, their split divided the party and helped Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat to the win the election.[footnoteRef:2] Actually, President…...

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Bibliography

Woodrow Wilson. A&E Television Networks, LLC. accessed October 8, 2015.

 http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/woodrow-wilson 

Greenspan, Jesse. "Remembering the 1912 Presidential Election." A&E Television Networks,

LLC, accessed October 8, 2015.  http://www.history.com/news/remembering-the-1912-presidential-election

2012 Political Campaign Funds of Presidential Election
Various reasons contribute to the usage of money by politicians during the campaign period. Some of them include conflict of interest whereby the politicians use their power to lure the public in supporting them. However, the American government has various set regulations of which the politicians are supposed to follow when using or spending the campaign funds. Some of the politicians claim that the wrong usage of the campaign funds is because they are underfinanced. his makes the current political system to favor only some individuals who end up spending the money in the wrong way. In order to stop the politicians from using the campaign funds in the wrong way, various strategies ought to be set. Some people suggest that it would be effective to implement this plan if only the government manages to take the campaign funds away from the politicians.…...

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The American law states that all potential candidates are obliged to file the campaign finance in order to show how the funding is being used. All the information about the funding is normally released to the public in order they can get a view of how the amount was spent. However, it is evident that some of the candidates fail to disclosure all the amount of the funding. This raises questions on how the amount of money raised during the funding was used. Failure to offer information on the usage of the funding is a clear indication that some of the politicians tend to use the money in various ways other than the intended purpose.

The presidential campaigns attract usage of huge amount of money. According to the above information, it is clear that all this money comes from the public funding. This means that the public tend to contribute much in the primary and general elections. However, even the private sectors also tend to contribute much in the funding of the campaigns. The funding also translates that a lot of taxpayers' money is spent. Many scholars argue that the wrong usage of the funding contributes to inflation. This was evident during the 2008 presidential campaign where after the elections America went under a hard financial situation. The same issue seems to repeat after this year's election. This is the main reason why the public should care and be concerned over this issue. This is because the public is actively contributing for the campaign. This evident because within the last few months, the top leading potential candidates have managed to raise a considerable amount of money compared to the last campaign period.

In order to end the problem of politicians using the funding money in the wrong way, various measures ought to be considered. Most of these measures relate to the public funding system. Many of the politicians strongly depend on this system for the finances that emerge during this period. Some of the politicians who prefer staying out the system end up facing financial hardships after the election is over. For example, in 2008 campaign, McCain preferred staying out of the system where he used his own money. The consequence of this option was that he ended up being broke. This means that because many politicians prefer using the system for the fear of the unknown after the elections, various measures ought to be undertaken in order to prevent the wrong usage of the provided amount. One of these measures as indicated earlier in this paper is that all potential candidates should stay away from the allocating the usage of the funding. Special committees of which the candidates do not have personal interests should be set in order to take care of the necessary allocation. This means that the candidates should not in any way influence the usage the funding.

Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's VP, announced his candidacy shortly after Johnson stepped down, and won the nomination during the Democratic Convention in Chicago. Humphrey chose senator Edmund Muskie as is VP running mate.
ISSUES of the CAMPAIGN (Republican Candidates) New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller ran in the primaries as a dove (anti-Vietnam) but Richard Nixon easily defeated him. George Romney also ran as a peace candidate, and was soundly beaten. California Governor Ronald Reagan also challenged Nixon, but not as a peace candidate, on the contrary Reagan talked tough on law and order in the streets. Nixon won the nomination and chose Spiro Agnew as his running mate.

American Independent Party) Segregationist Alabama Governor George allace ran for president on a conservative platform; he did not seriously challenge the major parties, but he did get a lot of votes in primaries by appealing to racist and conservatives who were upset at blacks'…...

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Works Cited

Kingwood College Library. (2005). American Cultural History: 1960-1969. Retrieved 28 Feb. 2007 at http://kclibrary.nhmccd.edu/decade60.html.

Wikipedia. (2006). "United States Presidential Election, 1968." Retrieved 1 March, 2007, at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1968 .

Table of Contents Abstract 2
Introduction 3
Literature Review 4
Theoretical Discussion and Hypothesis 6
Research Design 6
Type of Research Design and Sampling 6
Temporal and Spatial Scope 7
Unit of Analysis 7
Operationalization of Dependent and Independent Variables 7
Data Collection Instruments and Techniques 8
Data Processing and Testing Techniques 8
Results (Expected) 8
Discussion 9
Works Cited 11
How Does the Media Influence Presidential Elections?
Abstract
This paper looks at the influence of media on presidential elections by first discussing the first presidential debate on TV between Nixon and Kennedy in 1960 and how there were no more televised debates until 1976 because TV’s influence was so powerful, candidates were not comfortable with the idea of being shown in a certain unflattering light the way Nixon was. Now today there is social media which is even more powerful than legacy media. However, many people already have their minds made up about who to vote for based on input from peers and family, who are…...

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Works Cited

Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. \\"Social media and fake news in the 2016 election.\\" Journal of economic perspectives 31.2 (2017): 211-36.

Bandura, Albert. “Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science” 13.2 (2018): 130-136.

Bennett, W. Lance, and Steven Livingston. \\"The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions.\\" European journal of communication 33.2 (2018): 122-139.

Cadwalladr, Carole, and Emma Graham-Harrison. \\"Revealed: 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach.\\" The guardian 17 (2018): 22.

Enli, Gunn. \\"Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election.\\" European journal of communication 32.1 (2017): 50-61.

Faris, Robert, et al. \\"Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election.\\" Berkman Klein Center Research Publication 6 (2017).

Francia, Peter L. \\"Free media and Twitter in the 2016 presidential election: The unconventional campaign of Donald Trump.\\" Social Science Computer Review 36.4 (2018): 440-455.

Grinberg, Nir, et al. \\"Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election.\\"  Science 363.6425 (2019): 374-378.

American politics have always been a hotbed of debate. Just how far politicians are willing to go in the quest to win has revolved around the type of campaign that the participants have taken part in. If the campaign is "clean" the opponents stick to the issues and debate their platforms with little attempt to discredit the others in the race. If the race is "dirty" it means that the politicians and those who are supporting them are willing to fling mud at the others. This can mean that personal lives, problems and problems of the candidates family members are acceptable tools to sabotage the opponent campaign. Throughout the history of the nation campaigns have run the gamut of clean and dirty with everything in between. In recent years the campaign for president that was between Clinton and Bush Sr. became dirty when each side brought up non-job related issues…...

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References

Rum, Romanism, & Rebellion: The Making of a President 1884 by Mark Wahlgren Summers

Univ of North Carolina Pr; (March 2000)

Grover Cleveland: (The American Presidents Series) by Henry Graff (Author), Arthur Jr. Schlesinger (Editor)

Times Books; (August 20, 2002)

The topic of this paper is social media and its role in the 2016 presidential election. Annotated Bibliography
Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election.  Journal of economic perspectives, 31(2), 211-36.
Article posits that users of social media are more likely to believe news stories about their chosen or preferred candidate when the stories fall in line with the person’s ideological views. The article is helpful in explaining how social media and “fake news” works and can be used to make sense of the 2016 election.
Enli, G. (2017). Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: Exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election. European journal of communication, 32(1), 50-61.
Article shows that Trump’s use of Twitter to communicate with the masses was more authentic than Clinton’s and thus had a bigger impact in the election. The article’s findings are thus helpful because…...

If forcing females to bear children is something that you care strongly about, then the McCain/Palin ticket is for you. If the status quo is what you want, if you believe that America is on the right track, then vote McCain/Palin.
If, however, you are one of those voters who under most normal circumstances never consider voting for the likes of McCain/Palin then you have to ask yourself the big question. Why the sudden shift? Is it because you believe that Barack Obama is not ready or qualified for the office of Presidency, like his opponents have suggested? If so, then ask yourself when a person is ready to serve. How many more years in the Senate would it take? Does spearheading issues and committees mean nothing? Does deft diplomacy and communication skills count for nothing in a presidential candidate? Taking another approach: Barack Obama is far, far more qualified…...

Another Wall Street Journal article (April 2, 2007) explains that Senator Hillary Clinton is the current top fundraiser among Democratic candidates for president.
n the Washington Post (March 29, 2007), former presidential candidate Steve Forbes has decided not to run again, but he threw his endorsement over to Republican Rudy Giuliani. Senator Hillary Clinton, meanwhile, picked up the endorsement of owa Governor Tom Vilsack, according to the New York Times (March 24, 2007). n the March 19, 2007 edition of the Washington Post, it is reported that presidential candidates will continue to receive Secret Service security protection. The Los Angeles Times (March 18, 2007) reports that Senator Clinton is running as "the female-warrior" candidate and Barak Obama is running as the "black-white-immigrant" candidate. And the Washington Post reports on March 18, 2007 that the excellence of the speechwriters for Democratic Senator Chris…...

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In the New York Times on March 13, 2007, it is reported that Nebraska Senator Chuck Hagel has decided not to run for the presidency on the Republican ticket. Although the senator was not in a financial position to compete against better-funded candidates - and his position against continuing the Iraq war might find favor with voters - Senator John McCain thought that Hagel could have made inroads. The New York Times reported on March 22 that New York State legislators have set next February 5, 2008, as the date for their presidential primary.

In the Los Angeles Times (January 25, 2007) it was reported that U.S. Senator John Kerry had decided not to make another run for the White House. Kerry was apparently not "position well" in contrast to some of the other Democratic candidates, and additionally, he said he wants to put "my energy to work as part of the majority in the Senate...to end this war." An editorial in the Wall Street Journal on April 3, 2007, reported that the Commission on Presidential Debates should create a presidential debate system whereby final presidential candidates from both parties would debate "at least once a week" from Labor Day to the November election. Another Wall Street Journal article (April 2, 2007) explains that Senator Hillary Clinton is the current top fundraiser among Democratic candidates for president.

In the Washington Post (March 29, 2007), former presidential candidate Steve Forbes has decided not to run again, but he threw his endorsement over to Republican Rudy Giuliani. Senator Hillary Clinton, meanwhile, picked up the endorsement of Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack, according to the New York Times (March 24, 2007). In the March 19, 2007 edition of the Washington Post, it is reported that presidential candidates will continue to receive Secret Service security protection. The Los Angeles Times (March 18, 2007) reports that Senator Clinton is running as "the female-warrior" candidate and Barak Obama is running as the "black-white-immigrant" candidate. And the Washington Post reports on March 18, 2007 that the excellence of the speechwriters for Democratic Senator Chris Dodd is evident; Dodd has received "rave reviews" from a speech he gave to the International Association of Fire Fighters.

Global issues are those issues that have an impact on more than one area of the globe, whether that impact is direct or indirect.  These issues can be things that impact all people, such as global warming, or issues that may not currently impact all people but have a potential global impact, such as the political unrest in the modern day United States.  We have compiled a list of suggested topics for an essay on global issues.  Each of them has at least two perspectives, though one of the perspectives may be stronger or more....

1. The impact of social media on the 2020 Presidential Election
2. The role of race and identity politics in the 2020 election
3. The influence of foreign interference in the 2020 election
4. The polarization of American society during the 2020 election
5. The rise of political populism in the 2020 election
6. The role of the Electoral College in the outcome of the 2020 election
7. The role of gender in the 2020 Presidential Election
8. The impact of COVID-19 on the 2020 election
9. The importance of swing states in determining the outcome of the 2020 election
10. The impact of voter turnout and voter suppression....

Topic 1: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Election

Analyze the ways in which the pandemic affected the election campaign, voter turnout, and the overall results.
Discuss the role of technology in facilitating remote campaigning and voter registration during a public health crisis.
Examine the implications of the pandemic for future elections and the challenges it poses to democratic processes.

Topic 2: The Role of Social Media in the Election

Evaluate the impact of social media platforms on the spread of information, voter engagement, and the dissemination of misinformation.
Analyze the effectiveness of social media campaigns by both candidates....

1. The Impact of Social Media on the 2020 Presidential Election

2. Voter Turnout and Engagement in the 2020 Presidential Election

3. The Role of Political Advertising in the 2020 Presidential Election

4. The Impact of COVID-19 on the 2020 Presidential Election

5. The Influence of Political Debates in the 2020 Presidential Election

6. The Role of Political Polling in the 2020 Presidential Election

7. The Impact of Third-Party Candidates on the 2020 Presidential Election

8. The Role of Gender and Race in the 2020 Presidential Election

9. The Impact of Foreign Interference on the 2020 Presidential Election

10. The Future of American Politics After the 2020 Presidential Election
11.....