Healthcare for Pregnant Women Comparison: U.S., Switzerland and Canada
A Comparison of Healthcare Options Pregnant Women in United States, Canada and Switzerland

The healthcare systems in Western societies do not assume that a woman requires health information; however, collectively, it has become well recognized that good information is necessary to a pregnant woman, and that understanding the stages of pregnancy, labor, and delivery is important to good perinatal care (Crook, 1995). This paper provides a comparison of the healthcare options available to pregnant women according to their income and insurance resources in the United States, Canada and Switzerland. A comparison of the respective healthcare systems for these nations will be provided in the summary, and a critique of the United States healthcare system will be provided in the conclusion.

eview and Discussion

Healthcare Options -- United States. The U.S. spends a larger percentage of its GDP on healthcare than does any other nation in…...

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References

Barnes, D. (January 10, 2002). Group Fights 'Enormous' Problem of Teen Pregnancy. The Washington Times, 8.

Benoit, C., Carroll, D. & Millar, A. (2002). But Is It Good for Non-Urban Women's Health?

Regionalizing Maternity Care Services in British Columbia. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 39(4), 373.

Collins, C. & Williams, D.R. (1995). U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health:

Nurse Case Management for Pregnant Women Experiencing or at isk for Abuse," by Curry et al.
The research article chosen to critique is titled, "Nurse Case Management for Pregnant Women Experiencing or at isk for Abuse." This title accurately reflects the topic of the research study. The topic of the study is very specific and narrow. It would not be of broad interest to many nurses. However, the issue of having significant individual impacts on participants in a study that are not measured by the measures of outcomes utilized in the study would be of broad interest to researchers trying to design a study or nurses trying to apply the findings. It would be nice if this aspect of the study was also indicated in the title to broaden the number of readers who would find this article of interest. However, this article is of interest to me because I…...

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References

Curry, M.A., Durham, L., Bullock, L., Bloom, T., Davis, J. (2006). Nurse case management for pregnant women experiencing or at risk for abuse. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 35(2), 181-192.

Villar, J, Farnot, U., Barros, F, Victora, C., Langer, A., Beliza, J. (1992). A randomized trial of psychosocial support during high-risk pregnancies. New England Journal of Medicine, 174, 760-767.

Society for Women's Health esearch
Survey Design: Society for Women's Health esearch

The research study conducted by the Society for Women's Health esearch (2008) entitled "Surveys of adult U.S. women and doctors gauge perceptions about depression through hormonal transitions" is not designed to determine if it is actually safe for women to take medication for depression during pregnancy and immediately after pregnancy but rather if most adult women believe that doing so is actually dangerous versus physicians with specialized knowledge. While the extent to which women are willing to seek out and accept treatment from a physician if they were pregnant and suffering from depression might be a valuable subject area for research, the survey also asked a number of other questions, such as what the respondents thought were the symptoms of depression; if they believed women suffered more from depression than males; and if they believed women were more at…...

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Reference

Surveys of adult U.S. women and doctors gauge perceptions about depression through hormonal transitions. (2008). Retrieved from  http://web.archive.org/web//http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/site/DocServer/DepressionSurveyAnalysis

OPIC: Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy
Subjective

State the patient's chief complaint, reason for visit and/or the problem for which you are providing follow-up.

The client is a married, 28-year-old Asian woman who is 37 weeks pregnant. This is her second pregnancy and her first child is alive and living at home with both parents and she has no history of miscarriage. The client's chief complaint concerns her increasing problems with urination.

All symptoms related to the problem are described using the following cue descriptive categories:

Precipitating/alleviating factors (including prescribed and/or self-remedies and their effect on the problem).

The client presents with complaints of a constant need to urinate that causes a burning sensation. The client reports drinking cranberry juice in an effort to alleviate these symptoms but no other self remedies. The client denies tobacco, alcohol or illicit drug use.

Associated symptoms

Besides a burning sensation when urinating, the client also reports experienced pain in her pelvis…...

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References

Delzell, J. E. & Lefevre, M. L. (2000, February 1). Urinary tract infections during pregnancy. American Family Physician, 61(3), 713-720.

Ectopic pregnancy symptoms. (2016). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from   diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/basics/symptoms/con-20024262.http://www.mayoclinic.org/ 

Evans, C. & Tippins, E. (2007). The foundations of emergency care. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.

Feinbloom, R. I. (2009). Pregnancy, birth, and the early months: The thinking woman's guide. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.

Good nutrition and healthy lifestyle are important to a better quality of life, but both can be crucial during pregnancy. Inspection of the research indicates that sound nutritional practices during pregnancy have always been considered important in the development of the unborn child Allen, 2005). However, good maternal nutrition may also be an important factor in the development of the fetus before the mother becomes pregnant and the effects of maternal nutrition on the fetus may extend well beyond childhood into adulthood (Barker, 1992).
Obviously the use of alcohol and certain drugs is not recommended during pregnancy. The consequences of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy have been well-documented and need not be discussed here (e.g., Streissguth, Barr, & Martin, 1984). With respect to pre-pregnancy plans, the National Institute of Health suggests three things that should be undertaken before a woman becomes pregnant: (1) both prospective parents should have physical…...

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References

Allen, L.H. (2005). Multiple micronutrients in pregnancy and lactation: An overview. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(supplement), 1206S-1212S.

Barker, D.J.P., (Ed.) (1992). Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. London: British Medical Journal Books.

Godfrey, K.M & Barker, D.J.P. (2000). Fetal nutrition and adult disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71 (5), 1344-1352.

Institute of Medicine. (1990) Nutrition during pregnancy. Washington DC: National

Though successful treatment programs do exist, without the proper and adequate personal support systems for the individual women with substance abuse histories relapse is highly indicated (Goler et al. 2008; Dowdell et al. 2009). Nursing practice must take this factor into account when prescribing and providing care and seeking out methods for the long-term health and wellness of pregnant and post-pregnant patients.
Changes to Nursing Practice

Current research suggests that the most effective manner in which nursing practice can be altered to combat and/or mitigate the effects of substance abuse during pregnancy is through early detection of abuse through effective screening processes (Neushotz & Fitzpatrick 2008; Cox et al. 2007; Goler et al. 2008). Substance abuse screening is an obvious first step in the treatment of substance abuse issues, and often the identification and acknowledgement with the patient of the substance abuse problem presents a major step forward in the patient's…...

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References

Cox, S.; Johnson, C.; Mekle, S.; Jamieson, D. & Posner, S. (2007). "Trends in rates of hospitalization with a diagnosis of substance abuse among reproductive-age women, 1998 to 2003." Women's health issues 17, pp. 75-83.

Dowdell, J.; Fenwick, J.; Bartu, A. & Sharp, J. (2009). "Midwives' description of the postnatal experiences of women who use illicit substances: A descriptive study." Midwifery 25, pp. 295-306.

Goler, N.; Armstrong, M., Taillac, C. & Osejo, V. (2008). "Successful substance abuse treatment program for pregnant women delivers new model of care." Journal of midwifery & women's health 53(6), pp. 567-8.

Neushotz, L. & Fitzpatrick, J. (2008). "Improving substance abuse screening and intervention in a primary care clinic." Archives of psychiatry nursing 22(2), pp. 78-86.

World-ank-assisted Women-in-Development project for Ethiopia proposes to socially and economically help vulnerable women participate and benefit from its increasingly expanding economy and opportunities in the private sector. It hopes to raise the standard of living of these women and contribute to alleviating poverty. On the whole, addressing all the constraints to the effective and realistic implementation of the National Policy on Women and forming grassroots women's organization would work towards building women's capability. This would then enable them to effectively verbalize their situation, aspirations and problems or sentiments about their economic, social and civic rights.

ibliography

1. C (2006). Rural Ethiopian Women Are Most Abused. C.com. http://news.lbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6040180.htm

2. Gopal, G. (1998). Women in Ethiopia. The Women's Affair Office. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: the World ank. http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/fact%20file/a-z/women-1.htm

3. U.S. Department of State. (2006). Ethiopia. AFROL Gender Profiles: Central Intelligence Agency. http://www.afrol.com/Categories/Women/profiles/ethiopia_women.htm

US Department of State, "Ethiopia," Central Intelligence Agency, http://www.afrol.com/Categories/Women/profiles/ethiopia_women.htm

Gota Gopal. Women in Ethiopia. Women's…...

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Bibliography

1. BBC (2006). Rural Ethiopian Women Are Most Abused. BBC.com. http://news.lbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6040180.htm

2. Gopal, G. (1998). Women in Ethiopia. The Women's Affair Office. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: the World Bank.  http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/fact%20file/a-z/women-1.htm 

3. U.S. Department of State. (2006). Ethiopia. AFROL Gender Profiles: Central Intelligence Agency. http://www.afrol.com/Categories/Women/profiles/ethiopia_women.htm

US Department of State, "Ethiopia," Central Intelligence Agency, http://www.afrol.com/Categories/Women/profiles/ethiopia_women.htm

Under these circumstances, an ethical dilemma is born. Should society control its development or leave it to chance? And in the case that it should control it, which categories should it help?
If the person in the above mentioned example is helped, we could assume that in a certain way, the person who was not helped because he or she already disposed of the necessary means, the latter one might be considered as having been subject to reverse discrimination. Yet we ought to look at the picture from an utilitarian point-of-view. Under these circumstances we might state that society as an overall system has more benefits from helping the categories which are in bigger need of help (for example the ones mentioned in the principles of affirmative action).

ut what are the exact principles of affirmative action: let us take a look at them and analyze them. Title VI, section 601…...

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Bibliography:

"Access, equity and diversity, American association for affirmative action," Retrieved October 27, 2010 from  http://www.affirmativeaction.org/resources.html 

Anderson, TH. The pursuit of fairness: a history of affirmative action, Oxford University Press, 2005

"Affirmative action" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Retrieved October 27, 2010 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/ 

"Affirmative action- pros and cons, the origins of, legal treatment of, political and social debates, the future" in Encyclopedia. Jrank. Org., Retrieved October 25, 2010 from  http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/5916/Affirmative-Action.html

Not only was it cost effective but the study also reported that offenders who were treated in the community setting were 43% less likely to reoffend compared to the prison population clearly suggesting the effectiveness of community-based sentences. [Amanda Noblet, 2008, pg 27]
Conclusion

The criminal justice system is clearly unprepared and ill equipped to manage the unique needs of women in prison. There is clearly a need for a specific focus on Mental illness, sexual violence and drug abuse, reproductive health and other issues that are very relevant to the incarcerated female population. Clearly our female correctional facilities are under resourced and over crowded and overcrowded prisons are not ideal for reformation but instead create more problems. Since majority of women prisoners are incarcerated for minor drug related offenses and property crimes, a more liberal and effective reformative approach should be pursued. Community based alternative sentencing programs should be implemented…...

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Bibliography

1) the Sentencing Project, (2007), 'Women in the Criminal Justice System: Briefing Sheets', retrieved April 25th 2010, from,  http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/womenincj_total.pdf 

2) Amanda Noblet, (2008), ' Women in Prison: A Review of Current Female Prison System: Future Directions and Alternatives',, retrieved April 25th 2010, from  http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Noblet%20-%20Women%20in%20Prison.pdf 

3) Nancy Kurshan, 'Women and imprisonment in U.S.', retrieved April 25th 2010, from,  http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/women/women-and-imprisonment.html 

4) Barbara Owen, 2010, ' Women in Prison', retrieved April 25th 2010  http://www.drugpolicy.org/communities/women/womeninpriso/

" (International Conference on Population and Development ICPD) (ibid)
However the meaning of reproductive right extends into other areas. For example, this includes the right to non-discrimination based on sex/gender and the right to privacy as well as the right to information. The issue of the reproductive rights for women becomes problematic and often fraught with controversy when it is applied to those infected with the HIV virus. This dilemma has far-reaching implications for the millions of women with HIV throughout the world.

3.2. Different perspectives

The different views on the subject of reproductive rights range from the more conservative view that all reproductive rights should be denied in Women with HIV to more perceptive views that links the denial of reproductive rights to other human rights issues. For example, one view from a survey conducted by the International Community of Women Living with HIV / AIDS (ICW) states that,

Health staff has tended…...

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Bibliography

Albury, R.M. (1999). Beyond the Slogans. St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.

Almond, B., & Ulanowsky, C. (1990). HIV and Pregnancy. The Hastings Center Report, 20(2), 16+. Retrieved June 15, 2005, from Questia database,  http://www.questia.com .

Amaro, H., & Raj, a. (2000). On the Margin: Power and Women's HIV Risk Reduction Strategies. 723. Retrieved June 15, 2005, from Questia database,

High-Risk Pregnancies
Having a baby is a dream that many families have. Women in particular are associated with the idea and "dream" of having a child but men are pretty excited about it to when it comes, albeit also nervous. However, there is a danger when it comes to waiting too long before starting a family in terms of age. Whether it is career concerns, finding the right, the delaying of the marriage or what have you, there are multiple reasons that are common in today's society whereby women put off having families. An unfortunate byproduct of this pattern is that the risk of birth defects is much higher with children born of women over the age of 35. This report shall explore the precise and specific reasons that these birth defects why it is more common for women beyond the line stated in this proposal. Even with the increasing propensity…...

oman and Islam
Islamic religion has its established guiding teachings and principles that ensure its followers submit totally to the will of Allah for all the adherents. In effect, Islamic religion recognizes the fact that people and things around them affect their survival irrespective of their age, community, families, and the nation. The quality of life of the Muslims invariably affects the existence of the Islamic nations and religion as a whole. Muslim women are highly vulnerable to various health problems due to the strict religious ideation of most of the conditions that affect them. Islamic women as most of the women from other contemporary communities face numerous health challenges, including reproductive health problems such as increased cases of maternal death, destitution, poor access to maternal health services, and social violation of their human rights. As such, the health challenges make it necessary for the adoption of policies that recognize their…...

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Works cited

Agnew, Vijay. Racialized Migrant Women in Canada: Essays on Health, Violence, and Equity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Print

Aswad, Barbara C, and Bilge? Barbara. Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. Print

Atighetchi, Dariusch. Islamic Bioethics: Problems and Perspectives. New York? Springer, 2007. Internet resource.

Cortese, Delia, and Calderini Simonetta. Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 2006. Print.

Women's Isolation
Despite representing half of the human population, until very recently women were not afforded the same rights and freedoms as men. Furthermore, in much of the world today women remain marginalized, disenfranchised, and disempowered, and even women in the United States continue to face undue discrimination, whether in the workplace, at home, or in popular culture. However, this should not be taken as a disregarding of the hard-fought accomplishments of women since 1865, because over the course of intervening years, women have managed to gain a number of important rights and advantages. In particular, after spending the nineteenth century largely isolated within the domestic sphere, over the course of the twentieth century women won the right to vote, the right to equal pay and housing, and freedom over their own bodies in the form of birth control. By examining the history of these important developments, one is able to…...

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References

Adams, C. (2003). Women's suffrage: A primary source history of the women's rights movement in america. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.

Chen, L.Y., & Kleiner, B.H. (1998). New developments concerning the equal pay act.

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 17(1), 13-20.

Gordon, L. (2002). The moral property of women: A history of birth control politics in america.

Women have, for a long time, been expected to fulfill certain roles. These roles varied through the ages but have remained rooted in their main objective, to have women raise children and assist and serve their husbands (Vishwanathan, 1994, p. 34). Women are seen as the ones who stay home, tend the hearth, and raise the young while men are the ones that earn the money, own the property, and control the household. In literature, women are depicted often as fulfilling these stereotypical roles and also rebelling against them. Karen Van Der Zee's "A Secret Sorrow" and Gail Godwin's "A Sorrowful Woman" are two works of literature that demonstrate the lives of women who belonged to a society that required them to conform to their selected role. Both narratives establish the anticipated place of women in society, but do so from dissimilar perspectives. "A Secret Sorrow" has a female character…...

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References

Foster, C.D., Siegel, M.A., & Jacobs, N.R. (1988). Women's changing role (1988 ed.). Wylie, Tex.: Information Aids.

Meyer, M. (2002). The Bedford introduction to literature: reading, thinking, writing (6th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.

Vishwanathan, M. (1994). Women & society. Jaipur: Printwell.

But sometimes the victims themselves are afraid to voice their grievances in the public because speaking up entails shame, ostracization, and even extra-judicial killings. The victims can express their grievances in public "only at certain times and in certain ways" because their rights are infringed on social and cultural levels (Dewey).
The fact that cultural and traditional beliefs and attitudes contribute to violations of women's rights in a systematic manner can be observed by reading literature on the practice of dowry. Many Indian legal and philosophical thinkers use relativistic terms to contest the notion that the practice contributes to the abuse of women. They contest the notion because they argue the concept of human rights is a estern notion, sometimes disregarding cultural variations and sensibilities of the Indian nation (Gupta). The general critique of the concept of human rights as a western notion may be valid in some matters, but…...

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Works Cited

Dewey, Susan. "Dear Dr. Kothari': Sexuality, Violence Against Women, and the Parallel Public Sphere in India." American Ethnologist, 36/1 (2009): 124-139.

Duggal, Ravi. "The Political Economy of Abortion in India: Cost and Expenditure Patterns." Reproductive Health Matters, 12/24 (Nov. 2004): 130-137.

Grewal, Indu and Kishore, J. "Female Foeticide in India." International Humanist and Ethical Union. 1 May 2004. Web. 12 Dec. 2011

Gupta, Nidhi. "Women's Human Rights and the Practice of Dowry in India." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 48 (2003): 85-123. Web. 12 Dec. 2011

There are several different ways you could approach this. For your thesis statement, consider which direction you want to take. If you\'re looking to show how this is bad for the environment, you\'ll want to consider statements regarding how the mercury gets into the fish. If you\'re focused on how mercury in fish is bad for human consumption, focus your statement on how much mercury (if any) is safe, how much fish can (or should) be eaten, or pick a particular group on which to focus (such as children or pregnant women). Then you can narrow it to something such....

Yes, there are several essay topics that can present opposing viewpoints on healthcare in Africa. Some potential essay topics could include:

1. Universal healthcare vs. privatized healthcare in Africa: Is universal healthcare the best way to ensure access to healthcare for all citizens, or would a privatized healthcare system be more efficient and effective?

2. Traditional medicine vs. Western medicine in Africa: Should African countries prioritize traditional healing methods and practices, or should they focus on integrating Western medical techniques and technologies?

3. Government funding vs. foreign aid for healthcare in Africa: Should African governments allocate more resources to healthcare programs, or should....

1. The Silent Suffering: Examining the Impact of Domestic Violence on Pregnant Women

2. Breaking the Cycle: Exploring Strategies to Prevent Domestic Violence during Pregnancy

3. Unmasking the Hidden Epidemic: Understanding the Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Pregnancy

4. The Unseen Consequences: Investigating the Long-term Effects of Domestic Violence on Pregnant Women and their Babies

5. A Call for Action: Promoting Awareness and Support for Pregnant Victims of Domestic Violence

6. Fostering Resilience: Identifying Protective Factors for Pregnant Women Experiencing Domestic Violence

7. Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Collaboration between Healthcare and Legal Systems to Address Domestic Violence in Pregnancy

8. Beyond Physical Abuse: Examining the Emotional, Psychological,....

Topic 1: Scoliosis: An Overview

Definition and prevalence of scoliosis
Types of scoliosis: idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular
Risk factors and contributing factors
Symptoms and signs of scoliosis

Topic 2: Diagnosis and Treatment of Scoliosis

Diagnostic techniques: physical examination, X-rays, MRI
Non-surgical treatments: bracing, physical therapy, exercise
Surgical treatments: spinal fusion, instrumentation
Management and monitoring of scoliosis progression

Topic 3: The Impact of Scoliosis on Health and Well-being

Physical implications: pain, deformity, impaired mobility
Psychological and social consequences: body image issues, anxiety, depression
Respiratory and cardiovascular complications
Long-term effects of untreated or inadequately treated scoliosis

Topic 4: Advancements in Scoliosis Treatment

Minimally invasive surgical techniques:....