These number from Halifax and Brunswick counties are alarming not only because of the high correlation between teen pregnancy and dropping out of school, but also because the interrelationship between educational proficiency and teenage pregnancy. For example, only "forty-one percent of teenagers who begin families before age 18 ever complete high school." (the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2006). Furthermore, "parenthood is a leading cause of high school drop out among teen girls." (the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2006). Finally, "only about 2% of teen mothers have a college degree by age 30." (the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2006). What seems clear is that teenage mothers are unlikely to finish their secondary educations and dramatically less likely to pursue post-secondary education than their non-parenting counterparts. Clearly, these teenage mothers are likely to remain financially disadvantaged, because there is a clearly established relationship between education and…...

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References

Creech, J. (2000). Reducing dropout rates. Atlanta: Southern Regional Education Board.

Farber, N. (2003). Adolescent pregnancy: policy and prevention services (Springer series on social work). New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.

Sawhill, I. (October, 2001). What can be done to reduce teen pregnancy and out-of-wedlock births? Retrieved August 30, 2007 from the Brookings Institution. Web site:  http://www.brookings.edu/es/research/projects/wrb/publications/pb/pb08.htm 

Smith, L., T. Stallings, B. Hudson, & L. Ellis. (March, 2006). Halifax County state-of -- the county health report: 2005. Halifax, NC: Halifax County.

Pregnancy outcome and the time required for next conception, Jain (1969) looks at a large group of presumably fertile women and seeks to determine the average age of conception after a previous pregnancy or the length of time between pregnancies in the absence of birth control. According to the study the average length of time between pregnancies remains high in those under the age of 20, then levels out to spike again in individual women according to advancing age. Additionally the outcome of the pregnancy was also considered, where those who had live births ending the pregnancy or fetal death via natural or artificial means also experienced shortened pregnancy intervals, though higher among ages less than 20 and which gradually increases with maternal age.
Hypotehsis

The paper hypothesis surrounds an empirical exploration to add to the knowledge base regarding the length of pregnancy interval by age of women and to help provide…...

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References

Arafa, M.A., Alkhouly, A., & Youssef, M.E. (2004). Influence of inter-pregnancy interval on preterm delivery. Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 18(4), 248-252. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00564.x

Cecatti, J.G., Correa-Silva, E.B., Milanez, H., Morais, S.S., & Souza, J.P. (2008). The Associations between Inter-Pregnancy Interval and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Brazil. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 12(2), 275-281. doi:10.1007/s10995-007-0219-y

Gold, R., Connell, F.A., Heagerty, P., Cummings, P., Bezruchka, S., Davis, R., & Cawthon, M. (2005). Predicting Time to Subsequent Pregnancy. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 9(3), 219-228. doi:10.1007/s10995-005-0005-7

In this issue. (2004). Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 18(4), 245. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00573.x

Pregnancy and Diabetes: Risk Factors and Avoiding Complications
irth Weight

irth Defects

Death in-Utero and Death Following irth

Health of the Diabetic Mother

Preventive Measures

Testing

Pre-Conception Counseling

Medical and Advisory Team

Pregnancy requires more insulin in the body than normal because of the increased production of hormones that can lead to insulin resistance.

For a woman suffering from type 1 diabetes this is especially problematic because she already has difficulty producing or responding to insulin. Not only is the mother's health at risk, but the baby's health may suffer as well. As insufficient insulin causes blood sugar to rise in the mother, the sugar travels across the placenta to the baby. When the baby's blood sugar is high, the baby makes extra insulin to keep its own blood sugar normal. Problems of the developing baby may include larger or smaller size, increased risk for malformations or birth defects, or death in-utero. Fortunately, there are several precautions that a woman…...

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Bibliography

Caring for Diabetes During Pregnancy."

WebMD, 11 Oct. 2003.  http://my.webmd.com/content/article/15/2971_110.htm?lastselectedguid= {5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348}

Correa, Adolfo, Botto, Lorenzo, Liu, Yecai, Mulinare, Josephh, and Erickson, J. David.,

Do Multivitamin Supplements Reduce the Risk for Diabetes-Associated Birth Defects?," Pediatrics 111 (May 2003): 1146-51.

Pregnancy and Prisons
Carolyn Lindsey was four months pregnant when she was incarcerated in a Texas prison for violating the terms of her probation on a drug charge. hen she gave birth, Carolyn had a minute to coo at her daughter's tiny face before a prison guard whisked little Desiree Nicole away (Tomaso, "Pregnant Inmates").

Carolyn is part of a disturbing national trend - a rising number of pregnant inmates giving birth in prisons. In 1999, a prison survey conducted for the American Correctional Association found that more than 2,800 babies were born to female inmates in from 1997-1999 (illing, "Babies Behind Bars").

In federal prison alone, statistics from the Bureau of Justice show that in 1998, the latest year when data is available, there were over 103 pregnant female inmates (ACLU, "Statistics Relating to omen..."). An estimated 13,000 women, typically young and unwed, are pregnant upon incarceration (Tomaso).

Most pregnant inmates are in…...

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Works Cited

American Civil Liberties Union. "Statistics Related to Women in Federal Prison and Their Reproductive Health Care." Freedom Network. 24 July 1998. American Civil Liberties Union. 10 December 2002 http://archive.aclu.org/congress/prisonstats.html.

Bernstein, Nell "Mommy, Why are We in Jail?" Redbook. April 2001: ProQuest. CD-ROM. UMI. April, 2001. www.proquest.umi.com

Drummond, Tamerlin. "Mothers in Prison." Prison Fact Files. 06 November 2000. Raptivism. 10 December 2002 http://www.raptivism.com/site/mothers.htm.

The Legal Aid Society. "Shackles Removed from Pregnant and Dying Inmates." The Legal Aid Advocate. July - August 1999. 10 December 2002  http://www.legal-aid.org/laa0899c.htm .

In addition, she must engage regular thyroid function checkups to ensure that the standard regimen of treatment for this condition remains effective. In this case, the hormone replacement therapy that is the traditional method of treatment is one which absolutely must be continued to the benefit and survival of the unborn child. As the article by Shomon (2006) indicates, "you must continue to take your thyroid hormone replacement (i.e., Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid, Armour, Thyrolar) and it's extremely important that you do, now and throughout the rest of your pregnancy. You are your baby's only source of thyroid hormones at this point - your baby's thyroid gland isn't fully functional until after 12 weeks of pregnancy. If you don't have sufficient thyroid hormones, you are at an increased risk of miscarriage, and your baby is at increased risk of developmental problems." (Shomon, 1)
Jane indicated in her interview with me that…...

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Works Cited:

Dunkin, M.A. (2009). Doctor Says Newly Diagnosed Scleroderma Patients Should Avoid Pregnancy For Three Years. Scleroderma Foundation. Online at  http://www.scleroderma.org/medical/other_articles/Dunkin_2006.shtm 

EHealthMD. (2004). Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy. Medical Illustrations Copyright.

Online at  http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/hypothyroidism/HYO_pregnancy.html 

Mathur, R. (2005). Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy. MedicineNet.com

Pregnancy Cessation Study
The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify current and potential barriers to smoking cessation in pregnant women. Using a naturalistic approach and semi-structured interviews of subjects that meet the study criteria for participation is an appropriate and consistent data collection method to effectively meet the purpose of this study.

Using semi-structured telephone interviews are appropriate for a naturalistic data collection, because the naturalistic approach involves collecting data that occurs in the participant's everyday life rather than a controlled lab approach. Semi-structured interviews are more casual therefore gathering naturally occurring data is more likely, e.g. A person is more likely to divulge personal information if they aren't feeling judged, and a more informal interview lends itself better to this approach. Conducting the interviews via telephone is also more conducive to gathering naturalistic data, because the participants are more likely to be comfortable in their familiar environment, therefore…...

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References:

Fatemeh, R. (2004). Focus-group interview and data analysis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63:655 -- 660. DOI:10.1079/PNS2004399

Guest, G., Bunce, A., Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18 (1), 59-82. Doi: 10.1177/1525822X05279903

Journal of clinical nursing. Criteria for review of reports of qualitative research. (2006). Retrieved from  http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/JCN_Criteria_Qual_Research.pdf 

Tod, A. Barriers to smoking cessation in pregnancy: a qualitative study. British Journal of Community Nursing, 2003, 8(2), 56-65.

A monitoring function should be inherent in health care for each prospective mother to determine the level of her risk for depression during or after pregnancy.
Early detection is closely connected with the first two strategies, in that awareness is the most important factor. If the mother is at high risk of depression, she should be monitored very closely for possible symptoms of depression, even if these symptoms can also be attributed to the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth. This strategy goes hand-in-hand with disability limitation. The mother-to-be should be treated as soon as possible after detection in order to prevent the depression from becoming very serious. Rehabilitation for pregnancy related depression include medication in serious cases, or talk therapy in less pronounced cases.

ources

Dept. Of Health and Human ervices (1999). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Healthier Mothers and Babies. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and…...

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Sources

Dept. Of Health and Human Services (1999). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Healthier Mothers and Babies. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Turnock, Bernard J. (2005). Public Health: What it is and how it works. Chicago: Jones and Bartlett Publishers

The Effects of Folic Acid Deficiency during Pregnancy. Scientific inquiry
The importance of folic acid consumption beforehand as well as throughout pregnancy cannot be understated. In as much as there are numerous causes of Neural tube Defects (NTDs), the predominant cause is failure to take substantial amounts of folic acid. Can public campaign of strengthening folic acid in the diet minimize the occurrence of NTDs found in the poor people in relation to the typical number of NTDs found in the wealthy class of people? Dessie et al., (2017) states that in as much as cases of NTDs in emerging nations are four times higher compared to those found in industrialized nations, what matters the most is how to mitigate this issue through administering proper diet throughout pregnancy. In as much as the World Health Organization is determined to mitigate the rate of NTDs globally, regions where people with below average earnings…...

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References

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC (2018). “Data & Statistics.” In Folic Accid: Birth Defects Count. Retrieved from on 26 January 2019

Dessie, M. A., Zeleke, E. G., Workie, S. B., & Berihun, A. W. (2017). Folic acid usage and associated factors in the prevention of neural tube defects among pregnant women in Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 17(1), 313. doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1506-2

Hodgetts, V. A., Morris, R. K., Francis, A., Gardosi, J., & Ismail, K. M. (2015). Effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on reducing the risk of small?for?gestational age neonates: a population study, systematic review and meta?analysis. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 122(4), 478-490.

Lassi, Z. S., Salam, R. A., Haider, B. A., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2013). Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).

Linhares, A. O., & Cesar, J. A. (2017). Folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in southern Brazil: prevalence and factors associated. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(2), 535-542.

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefectscount/data.html

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a project involving examination of health departments and CDC (Center for Disease Control) of a given State. PRAMS was unveiled in 1987. This project gathers data relating to the experience and attitudes prior to, in the cause of and period immediately following a pregnancy. Data collected is always specific to a given State. The surveillance expedition takes care of up to 83% of Infant births in U.S.A (CDC, 2017). When PRAMS was unveiled there was a serious national and statewide curiosity around infant mortality, reduction, and disparities. Prenatal care with State support had my interest as well. At the time there was no information in relation to States that would enlighten State or local program evaluation and development. PRAMS structure makes it possible for deep inquiry into topics of reproductive health compared to the extensive but limited information contained in birth certificates (CDC, 2013)
The…...

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References

(What is Prams, 2017) CDC (2017). What is PRAMS? Retrieved February 9, 2018, from

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. (2013). CDC Grand Rounds: public health approaches to reducing US infant mortality. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 62(31), 625.

Kotelchuck, M. (2006). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Possible new roles for a national MCH data system. Public Health Reports, 121(1), 6-10.

Maternal, Infant, and Child Health. (n.d.). Retrieved January 17, 2018, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/maternal-infant-and-child-health

Robbins, C. L., Zapata, L. B., Farr, S. L., Kroelinger, C. D., Morrow, B., Ahluwalia, I.,.. & Williams, L. (2014). Core state preconception health indicators—pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system and behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 63(3), 1-62.

Woodbury, R. M. (1926). Infant Mortality and its Causes. With an Appendix on the Trend of Maternal Mortality Bates in the United States. Infant Mortality and its Causes. With an Appendix on the Trend of Maternal Mortality Bates in the United States.

Shulman, H. B., Gilbert, B. C., & Lansky, A. (2006). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): current methods and evaluation of 2001 response rates. Public Health Reports, 121(1), 74-83.

https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm

This note discusses on certain complications pregnant women encounter during their pregnancy, labor and birth. Appropriate patient education is necessary in prepregnancy, ante partum, labor and delivery settings to address complications and risk factors that could harm the mother and infant during labor and birth. Several of these risk factors can be eliminated by proper patient education. Nurses are not simply health care providers and caregivers; they also functions as patient educators with a high obligation to provide patients and their family members with all vital information ranging from simple to complex health matters, preventive measures, nutrition, exercise and medications. Competent in patient education, nursing techniques, and client teaching, professional nurses are effective communicators and can help make a marked change in the clinical status of a patient. Below are a list of complications commonly seen in pregnancy, labor and birth. This note also discusses the nurse’s role in patient…...

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References

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2019). Preterm Labor and Birth. Retrieved from

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2014). Preeclampsia and high blood pressure during pregnancy. FAQ034. Retrieved from http://www.acog.org/media/For%20Patients/faq034.pdf/dmc=1&ts=20120730T1500377195

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Gestational Diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/GestationalDiabetes?IsMobileSet+false

Friel, L.A. (2019). Infectious Disease in Pregnancy. Merck Manual Professional Version. Retrieved from https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/pregnancy-complicated-by-disease/infectious-disease-in-pregnancy

Kellar, L.C. & Nicholson, J.M. (2010). The Active Management of Impending Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Nulliparous Women at Term: A Case Series. Journal of Pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065844/

Lowdermilk, D.L, Perry, S.E., Cashion, M. C., Alden, K.R. & Olshansky, E. F. (2018). Maternity and women’s health care (6th ed.). St Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Moore, L. E. (2019). Drugs & Diseases. Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/253068-overview

National Organization for Rare Diseases. (2015). Hyperemesis gravidorum. Retrieved from  http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hyperemesis-gravidarum https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Preterm-Labor-and-Birth

Fragile X Syndrome / Pregnancy Options for Carrier of Fragile X Syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) denotes a genetic disorder, which leads to development of numerous growth-related issues, such as cognitive impairment and learning disabilities. Typically, the syndrome affects males more intensely compared to females (Genetic Home eference, 2015).

Decision and its reason

If I were a FXS carrier, I would choose to use an egg donor for having a baby. This alternative provides the benefit of reducing FXS risks as the recipient or carrier need not necessarily possess her own eggs in a sufficient quantity. As such, there is a marked aversion to both, risks of the disorder and that of ovarian dysfunction associated with FXS. The risk in making use of an egg donor to get pregnant are - possible uncertainty regarding the family history of the donor (i.e., medical conditions apart from the genetic disorders tested for during examination) or…...

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References

American Pregnancy Association. (2015). Donor Eggs. Infertility. Texas: American Pregnancy Association. Retrieved on 13th September, 2015 from  http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/donor-eggs/ 

Cleveland clinic.(2015). Fragile X Syndrome. Diseases & Conditions. Ohio: Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved on 13th September, 2015 from  https://googleweblight.com/?lite_url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Fragile_X_SyndromeIN&s=1&m=101&ts=1442270982&sig=APONPFmnkHdgcyUUL7g2gApwrotcGtj_cw 

Genetic Home Reference.(2015). Fragile X syndrome. USA.gov. Retrieved on 13th September, 2015 from  http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/fragile-x-syndrome 

GSG. (2013). Fragile X Syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Good Start Genetics, Inc. Available on www.goodstartgenetics.com

Fetal enal
There are a number of different renal impairments that can impact the fetus. Most renal impairments are related to urine production rather than elimination, because metabolites are cleared in the placenta (Vanderkeyden, Kumar & Fisk, 2003, p. 279). However, outflow problems like hydronephrosis are also possible. In some cases, congenital problems cause one kidney only to be affected. Ultrasound testing usually detects renal impairments like renal insufficiency. However effective early detection may be, there are important preventative measures that should be taken in pregnancy to reduce the chance of the fetus developing renal disease. Many of the preventative measures involve the avoidance of certain medications: both over-the-counter and prescription pharmaceuticals.

For example, Munk, von Brandis & Larsen (2010) found that Candesartan, a member of the angiotensin-receptor blockers (ABs) family, created some fetal abnormalities and also long-term side effects including renal dysfunction and arterial hypertension in adulthood (Munk, von Brandis &…...

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References

Cuzzolin, L., Dal Cere, M. & Fanos, V. (2001). NSAID-induced nephrotoxicity from the fetus to the child. Drug Safety 24(1): 9-18.

Gottschalk, I., Berg, C., Harbeck, N., Stressig, R. & Kozlowski, P. (2011). Fetal Renal Insufficiency Following Trastuzumab Treatment for Breast Cancer in Pregnancy: Case Report und Review of the Current Literature.

Munk, P.S., von Brandis, P. & Larsen, A. (2010). Reversible fetal renal failure after maternal treatment with Candesartan: A case report. Reproductive Toxology 29(3): 381-2.

Singh, R.R., Denton, K.M., Bertram, J.F., Jeffries, A.J., Head, G.A., Lombardo, P., Schneider-Kolsky, M. & Moritz, K.M. (2009). Development of cardiovascular disease due to renal insufficiency in male sheep following fetal unilateral nephrectomy. Journal of Hypertension 27(2): 386-396.

The chapters outlined the significance of the study, the intended objectives, the hypotheses statements, justification of the study, the research design, and the findings and conclusions. The examination carried out within the sections of this paper will be important for bridging the gap of knowledge on the use of UB-PAP in the diagnosis of obesity among obese pregnant mothers. It will be particularly helpful in informing the patients and their practitioners in accessing obesity situations (Thomson, 2012).
Chapter 3: Literature review

Originative and current literature on the use of UB-PAP in the management of the gestational weight features in this section. The focus of this paper is the effectiveness of the UB-PAP, but this examination will look at the relationship of the behavior pattern of the obese pregnant women in relation to the respective gestational weight. Books, journal articles, and reports provide a scholarly approach in relation to the problem of…...

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References

Krauss, R.M., Winston, M., Fletcher, B., & Grundy, S. (2000). Impact on Cardiovascular Obesity. Aha Conference Proceedings (P. 58). New York: America Heart Association.

Thomson, R. (2012). International Journal on Obesity. Mackmillan Science Communication, 2.

Visser, L., & Atkinson, R. (2012). Proceedings of the Second Pan American Conference on Obesity With Special Attention to Childhood Obesity and a Workshop, 'Education for Childhood Obesity Prevention: A Life-Course Approach'. International Journal of Obesity Supplements, 23.

Braun, L.J. (2011). The Cat Who Went Underground. New York: Jove.Bottom of For

pregnancy alongside with discussion on an interview taken of a mother who shares her experiences of during and after pregnancy moments.
Pregnancy- an interview

Pregnancy is that stage of reproduction when the sperm has fertilized itself with the female reproductive egg known as fetus or embryo inside the female womb. A pregnancy can also be of multiple gestations, as in case of twins, triplets and quadruplets, except of humans all other mammalian pregnancies mostly conceive more than one off springs but human pregnancy is the most studied of all mammalian pregnancies. The occasion of childbirth usually occurs after 38-40 after conception, while it can take from 7 to 15 days to conceive. This makes approximately 40 weeks from a woman's last menstrual cycle of four weeks. The World Health Organization defines normal term for delivery as between 37 weeks and 42 weeks Typol, (2006).

Terminology

There are various terminologies for being in the…...

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References

Heyman, B., & Henriksen, M. (2001). Risk, Age and Pregnancy: A Case Study of Prenatal Genetic Screening and Testing / . New York: Palgrave.

Lark Typol, (2006). Pregnancy through its stages Screening and Testing / . New York: Palgrave

Kane, R.L., & Kane, R.A. (2005). Ageism in Healthcare and Long-term Care. Generations, 29(3), 49+

"
As to the statistics on violence against women in terms their ethnicity, the report indicated "no consistent pattern" with regard to race. egarding abuse visited upon a woman in the year preceding her pregnancy, estimates range from 4 to 26% of the females indeed were abused in that time frame, according to the study. Clearly, there is a wide gap in these estimates, indicating the need for additional research.

Meanwhile, is there evidence that a woman's risk of being physically abused increases during her pregnancy? Saltzman's article explains that though "statements are commonly made that the incidence of abuse escalates" during the time a woman is carrying a baby, "little is actually known" regarding those generalized assumptions. Much of the information that has been brought forward with reference to that issue is "anecdotal evidence" or "small studies with self-selected participants"; these studies have not, the writer asserts, been on "comparisons of…...

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References

Hollander, Dore. (1998). Does Abuse Lead to Abortion? Family Planning Perspectives,

Huth-Bocks, Alissa C; Levendosky, Alytia a; Theran, Sally a; & Bogat, Anne G.

2004). The Impact of Domestic Violence on Mothers' Prenatal Representations of Their Infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(2), 79-98.

Koenig, Linda; Whitaker, Daniel J; Royce, Rachel a; Wilson, Tracey E; Callahan,

The stages of mental disorder can vary, depending on the actual disorder itself. Many studies have suggested that problems in this area begin before birth. Problems during pregnancy and problems in fetal development can set up the first stages of a mental disorder. Early signs of mental disorders may include the person withdrawing from family and friends, showing less motivation and concentration, and becoming very moody. From that point, it can progress to changes in sleeping and eating patterns, along with odd behaviors that had not taken place before. Rambling and talking about nonsensical things, or talking about \"scary\" things....

Teen pregnancy is a complex topic that can relate to a variety of other topics, making it possible to include body paragraphs that touch on everything from child sexual abuse to educational attainment by teen mothers.  That is because teen pregnancy does not generally exist in a vacuum, but is the result of a combination of varied social factors including race, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, educational level, and residency.

Some topics that you could include in a body paragraph in a teen pregnancy essay include:

1. The relationship between religious practices and teen pregnancy rates; are teenage girls....

There are a few different ways that you could approach a speech about birth control.  You could focus on contraceptive and reproductive rights as basic human rights and look at the legal controversies surrounding access to birth control.  You could discuss types of birth control.  You could discuss how birth control policies impact things like teen pregnancy and teen sexual activity.  You could even discuss birth control and the religious implications of its use or widespread availability.  In other words, there are many ways that you could go.   We are providing three....

The key to writing a good argumentative essay is thoroughly understanding the pros and cons of the topic you are considering.  That is because you are asked to take a position in an argumentative essay and support that position, while also being ready to meet challenges that would come from people taking a different position.  Sex education is a surprisingly divisive topic given the evidence that supports sex education as being a positive for students.  Much of this division is based in religious and moral objections to sex education, and, while it....