This is when they will abide by these guidelines. The enforcement of these provisions will create a procedure for investigating offenses, protecting the rights of the accused and punishing those who violate the code of ethics. ("Police Officer Code of Ethics," 2004) (Berg, 1999)
What makes this approach so unique is the department will function as an independent entity. This means that Internal Affairs will have the power to overrule the Chief of Police and the officers inside the department. They are accountable to the oversight committee which is responsible for enforcing these provisions. This process will occur by taking a balanced approach that is focused on transparency, protecting the rights of the accused and effectively investigating any kind of violations. ("Police Officer Code of Ethics," 2004) (Berg, 1999)

Conclusion

Clearly, police deviance and integrity are major issues that every department must deal with. This is because there are times when officers…...

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References

National Police Misconduct Statistics. (2009). UCIMC.org. Retrieved from:  http://www.ucimc.org/content/national-police-misconduct-statistics-released 

Police Officer Code of Ethics. (2004). Police Crimes. Retrieved from:  http://www.policecrimes.com/police_code.html 

Berg, B. (1999). Policing in Modern Society. Boston, MA: Butterworth.

Long, C. (2009). Stop and Frisk. Huffington Post. Retrieved from:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/10/08/stop-and-frisk-police-sto_n_314509.html ?

Police History
Analyze the relationship between the U.S. government and the policing organizations throughout the United States.

The relationship between the U.S. government and policing organizations is loosely coordinated. This means that local agencies will determine what personnel they hire and how different resources are utilized. In some cases, the various departments work for specific entities such as: colleges / universities or transit departments. Evidence of this can be seen with observations from Cordner (2010) who found that there are a total of 830 thousand law enforcement personnel in the U.S. Out of this number, 74% work for local agencies. While 13% are employed with the states / special jurisdictions and 13% by the federal government. These figures are illustrating how Washington has a limited relationship with local officials. (Cordener, 2010)

However, there are many situations where the federal government will work in coordination with police departments throughout the U.S. A good example…...

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References

Protecting America from Terrorist Attack. (2012). FBI. Retrieved from:  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/terrorism/terrorism_jttfs 

Cordener, G. (2010). Information Sharing. HSAJ. Retrieved from:  http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=6.1.5 

Roberts, A. (2003). Critical Issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Travis, L. (2011). Introduction to Criminal Justice. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

It was thus decided that the use of force by the police was justified by the circumstances and that accusations were more of an issue of violation of rights rather than violent demeanor against Graham. The motion filled by the accused for a directed verdict was granted. The case is now known to have provided, and still does, insight as to what defines reasonable use of force. According to Graham v. Connor, excessive use of force is recognized only when police officers maliciously intend to harm suspects. Nevertheless, had Graham's condition been any worse, we can assume his life would have been endangered. Because of such situations, police officers are required provide necessary help for suspects, regardless of subjective opinions. And, in Graham's case, none of the officers had the ability to specifically address medical conditions. Indeed, the officer claiming Graham was drunk acted upon personal perceptions, according to…...

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Reference List

Alpert, G.P., & Dunham, R.G. (2000). Analysis of Police Use-of-Force Data. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved from  https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/183648.pdf 

Delattre, E.J. (2011). Character and cops: Ethics in policing (sixth ed.). Washington: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group.

Frontline (Interviewer) & Gates, Darryl (Interviewee). 2001. The Legacy of Rodney King [Interview Transcript]. Retrieved from PBS Official Website:

 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/interviews/gates.html

Police Ethics
Ethics, therefore, is not something that a policeman learns in the classroom -- yet, training classes are regularly scheduled -- and this picture of student not understanding why he is in the classroom is indicative of the problem of police ethics as a whole (Crank, Caldero, 2011). There is no established, realistic connection between policing and classroom ethics. The world of the streets is a different from the world of the textbook. This is one reason that the lengthy and often wasteful enforcement of discipline in law enforcement agencies seems negligent: it is dealing with personnel who have a negligible sense of the reason they are being investigated and/or punished. This paper examines the need to better guarantee police ethics through the development and implementation of an acceptable police ethics system, which incorporates education with corrective (i.e., punishment) procedure. Through literature review and interview assessment, this study concludes that…...

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Reference List

Baca, L. (2007). Psychology of Discipline. Leadership Message from the Sheriff.

Accessed November 12, 2011, from:   / divisions/leadership-training-div/bureaus / ebd/assets/leadership-message-psychology-ofdiscipline.pdf.http://www.lasd.org 

Barker, T. (2011). Police Ethics: Crisis in Law Enforcement. IL: Thomas Books.

Braswell, M.C., McCarthy, B., McCarthy, B. (2012). Justice, Crime and Ethics. MA:

Police Department Organization:
The local, state, and federal agencies are part of the criminal justice system that focuses on dealing with the problem of crime. The main components of the criminal justice system at all levels of government include police, courts, and corrections that deter or prevent criminal activities through arresting, trying and punishing criminals respectively. The local, state, and federal agencies have different functions that are geared towards the enforcement of laws and provision of security. The police departments in these levels of government are public agencies with the purposes of maintaining order, provide services, and implement the criminal law. Generally, the police departments and personnel work in the community to thwart and control crime.

Types of Police Agencies at Every Level of Government:

There are many different kinds of law enforcement or police agencies including the small town police departments to the huge federal police agencies. However, these police agencies and…...

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References:

"Administration of Police Agencies, Theories of." (n.d.). What-when-how: In Depth Tutorials

and Information. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from  http://what-when-how.com/police-science/administration-of-police-agencies-theories-of/ 

Harkins, D. (2011, April 19). What Are the Differences Between Federal, State & Local Law

Enforcement? Retrieved April 18, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/info_8251672_differences-state-local-law-enforcement.html

In most cases, their duties revolve around statewide investigations, highway patrols, and enforcing other traffic laws. They usually work with the Bureau of criminal investigations in dealing with emergencies, training law enforcement official and social crime such sex offenders and illegal drug abuse and other investigations that go beyond the jurisdiction and resources of the local police (Dantzker, 1999).
On the other hand, the federal agency deals with not only statewide concerns, but also oversees the solving and tackling crimes that directly or by extension affect the entire state. This level requires high specialization, training, and knowledge on both the local and state laws as it covers the entire country. Some of the bodies in this category include the Secret Service, Federal Bureau of Investigations (F.B.I), the Border Patrol, and the United States Enforcement Administration (D.E.A) (Stevens, 2011).

The patrol unit is one of the most significant departments in police organization…...

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References

Dantzker, ML. (1999). Police Organization and Management: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Boston, MA: Elsevier

Palmiotto, M. J & Unnithan, N.P. (2010). Policing & Society: A Global Approach. New York, NY: Cengage Learning

Stevens, D.J. (2011). An Introduction to American Policing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Police Corruption and Citizen Complaints elative to Ethnicity
Police has a rather crucial role to play in the society. However, at more than one occasions, people have lodged complaints against police officers. ather than maintaining justice and equality, police offers are discriminating against people. This problem should be addressed as priority since the role of the police can be tainted if such events keep on taking place.

A contemporary event

The case of George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin is a classic example of police corruption regarding ethnicity. Even though George Zimmerman was charged as "not guilty," many people are against this decision. This shooting took place on the night of February 26, 2012 in Sanford, Florida. Trayvon Martin was a seventeen-year-old high school student who was heading back from a local store to his house. George Zimmerman, who is 28 and was of mixed race, was the coordinating officer of the neighbor hood…...

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References

Abulhawa, S. (2013). Trayvon Martin case a travesty of justice. [online] Retrieved from:   [Accessed: 11 Aug 2013].http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/08/201384102857620336.html 

Livingston, Deborah (2011). Citizen Review of Police Complaints: Four Dimensions of Value. National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement.

Newport, F. (2013). In U.S., 24% of Young Black Men Say Police Dealings Unfair. [online] Retrieved from:   [Accessed: 11 Aug 2013].http://www.gallup.com/poll/163523/one-four-young-black-men-say-police-dealings-unfair.aspx 

Tiger, J. (1971). Police Discretion and Discriminatory Enforcement. Duke Law Journal, 20 (4), pp. 717-743.

Police Ethics
Description

Ethics is a delicate topic in the context of policing, as police officers are often coming across situations when they need to act on account of their instinct rather than on ethical thinking. Individuals are subjected to a continuous amount of stress during their jobs as police officers and they thus have to be able to put across the best performance possible on a constant basis. Even with this, one needs to understand that police officers are only human and that in spite of their struggle to put across exemplary behavior they are sometimes likely to act in disagreement with generally accepted legislations. It is only safe to say that law enforcement is seeing a crisis as it is becoming increasingly difficult for officers to focus on ethics in the diverse environment in the present. While the fact that cameras are very common today means that police officers feel…...

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Bibliography:

Barker, T. (2011). Police Ethics: Crisis in Law Enforcement. Charles C. Thomas Publisher

Dice, M. (2011). Big Brother: The Orwellian Nightmare Come True. Mark Dice.

Douglas, J.E. (2008). John Douglas's Guide to the Police Officer Exams. Kaplan Publishing.

Gaines, L.K. Criminal Justice in Action: The Core, 7th ed. Cengage Learning.

Police Operations
The Police have the most dangerous, though the most rewarding, job in the world. They risk their lives to protect the weak and maintain public order. ecause of the many hazards they face, many officers die in the line of duty. A police officer must be well-trained and well-equipped in order to protect herself while protecting the public. Thesis: Technology is allowing the police more effective non-lethal weapons for restraining offenders, although firearms are still essential. More importantly, communications technology such as infrared and thermal imaging promise to improve protection and surveillance.

Dangers of policing

There are a number of dangers encountered during policing. The first and most conspicuous type of danger comes from criminal offenders or potential offenders. Such individuals might attempt to harm the intervening officer or deceive him/her. Typically, this danger comes in the form of unarmed violence, e.g. shoving, kicking, and punching. In particularly critical altercations, criminal…...

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Bibliography

Hess, K., Orthmann, C., Cho, H. (2010). Police Operations: Theory and Practice. Cengage Learning.

Gardbaum, S. (1996). Rethinking Constitutional Federalism, 74 Texas Law Review 795, 798-801.

Broder, David (July 8, 2007). "Arizona's Border Burden." The Washington Post. Online. Available at  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/06/AR2007070601929_pf.html

Still other theorists have noted that the same officer may proceed through all of these syndromes over the course of a career (O'Connor, 2005). Finally, some social scientists dispute the singularity of the authortarian mindset within police officers at all. "Other approaches in the study of police culture are devoted to the topic of typologies, or types of police officers," like the idealists who are "college educated" with "high ideals" versus "enforcers" who are ends oriented" (O'Connor, 2005)
It might be added that different police brotherhoods will also likely have different police cultures. A small municipality is likely to have fewer yatt Earps or enforcers types than a police department located in a large city. An urban police force may have a more tolerant attitude, and a higher percentage of idealistic or college educated officers than a small Southern town.

The specific characteristics of the force, rather than policing in general,…...

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Works Cited

Is there a Police Personality?" (2007). Slide 12. John Jay: CUNY Psychology 377.

Week 4. Retrieved 5 Feb 2007 at http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~pzapf/classes/PY377/week_04/sld012.htm

O'Connor, Tom. (2005). "Police Culture and Behavior." Last updated: 26 Jun 2005. Retrieved 5 Feb 2007 at http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/205/205lect02.htm

They have found "when they got those officers that the engagement with these communities was tremendous, which then reflected in their ability to fight crime" (Hilpern 2004). There has also been an attempt to boost the number of non-white officers rather than merely deploy current minority police in greater numbers to the community. One of the most controversial aspects of the new London plan is fast-tracking applicants who speak languages spoken by ethnic minorities into the police service under a positive discrimination plan. The language recruitment system has been defended because of similar successful campaigns in the United States, much like the one implemented in Chicago in the Mazurek and Malin article. The director of recruitment states "If we can't communicate clearly with the general public, we can't do our job as well as we could otherwise" (Hilpern 2004). However, one problem in London not present in est Chicago,…...

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Works Cited

Hilpern, Kate (2004). "Speaking the language." The Independent.

Retrieved through Find Articles database on 17 Sept 2007 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20041028/ai_n12812022/print 

Mazurek, James L. & Bruce Malin (Dec 1991). Today's policing within the Hispanic community. Illinois Municipal Review. 9-12. Retrieved through the Illinois Periodicals Online on 17 Sept 2007 at  http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/1991/im911209.html

Furthermore, there is often a veil of silence from witnesses in these types of assaults, which makes investigation very difficult. However, when an officer exercises the discretion to treat these incidents as lesser-crimes, he reinforces the devaluation of the gang members and actually increases the validity of the gang culture. Furthermore, gang violence does not occur in isolation, and it is unfair to the non-criminal members of gang-afflicted communities for officers to fail to fully investigate such crimes.
One crime where officers, at least initial responders, should not be permitted to exercise any discretion is in the area of child abuse. Child abuse is a serious crime, but there is a tendency for adults to minimize complaints by children. Because the stakes are so tremendously high if the complaint is correct, officers should be required to respond to all reports of child abuse as true and zealously investigate them. If…...

As this study points out, these encounters can lead to negative situations and even to death, injuries and legal issues.
In essence, the relationship and involvement of the police from a formal point-of-view is based on two common law principles. These are, the facility and the responsibility of the police to protect the safety and welfare of the public, and secondly the principle of parens patriae, which dictates protection for disabled citizens such as mentally ill persons. (Teplin L.A., 2000)

Usually mental health codes are specified as to the degree of involvement of the police with the mentally ill. These "...instruct police to initiate a psychiatric emergency apprehension whenever the person is either dangerous to self or others or is unable to provide for basic physical needs so as to protect him/herself from serious harm" (Teplin L.A., 2000).

While there are legal parameters to the involvement of the police with the mentally…...

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References www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000736701

Badawi, C. (2002, Spring). Officer Joel Fay Helps Mentally Ill Homeless People Get off the Street and into Care. Whole Earth 26+. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000736701 

Bittner E. (1967) Police Discretion in Emergency Apprehension of Mentally Ill

Persons. Social Problems, 14 (3), pp. 278-292

Community Policing. Retrieved January 2, 2008, at http://safestate.org/index.cfm?navID=7

The focus of every police administrator should be to prevent officers from experiencing overwhelming stress with which they do not have the means to cope.
Discussion and Conclusion

Finding ways to help managers and administrators to help officers cope with the daily chronic stress of their jobs should be a key priority. Although the statistics disagree as to the severity of these problems as compared to the general population, they still pose a significant problem for the officers and the departments for which they work. Officers need to be at their peak performance every day that they are on the job. Departments need to focus on providing the opportunity for optimum performance for every officer on the force. In order to do this they need to develop strategies for helping officers to effectively cope with the daily stresses that they face.

Administrators and manager often cannot do anything to reduce the stress…...

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References

Brown, J. (2003). Suicide by Cop. Police Stressline. Retrieved April 26, 2009 from http://www.geocities.com/~halbrown/suicide_by_cop_1.html

Curran, S. (2003). Separating fact from fiction about police stress: the author examines long-

standing beliefs. Behavioral Health Management. January 1, 2003. Retrieved April 26,

2009 from  http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/482217-1.html

From all neighborhoods the answers were the same, that when police, residents and merchants worked together, crime was reduced. It was also recognized that there was room for improvement in Seattle's community policing efforts. First, it was stated that the citizens of Seattle must become more involved in crime-fighting activities, for it is insufficient for only a handful of residents in neighborhoods across the city to identify projects for the community and its police force to tackle. Instead, people from racially, ethnically, ideologically, and economically diverse backgrounds must get involved in community policing projects. Second, it was noted that Seattle's political leadership must demonstrate support for community policing. Anything less undermines the public's already-damaged confidence. When citizens are discouraged from working with police officers, the department loses its most valuable asset, the community it serves. Finally, it is stated that the department must fully embrace community policing (Community policing…...

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References

Christopher, W. & Arguelles, J. (1991, July 9). Report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department.

Cohen H.S. & Feldberg, M. (1991). Power and restraint: The Moral dimension of police work. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.

Community policing works if all take part (2000, February 19). Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

Delattre, E.J. (1989). Character and cops: Ethics in policing. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.

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