It is increasing taxpayer more and more every year. More than likely the officer in question will be fired or put in paid leave of absence. Never is the officer investigated by internal affairs or federal agencies. This shows an inconsistency within the law enforcement infrastructure that needs changing in order to protect against further risk.
In this review of previous studies and related literature, information is presented in support of and in anticipation of the methodology and the analysis of this study. In order to constrain the literature review to a manageable yet representative account of the development of the concepts and constructs employed in this study, the focus was on studies within the framework of police. brutality and its relationship to monetary judgment. Agencies throughout the country with settle and alleged cases of police brutality were examined. Within those studies cited however, are many more and far-reaching references…...
mlaReferences
Azikiwe, A. (2003, August 21). Detroit killer cop found liable in civil suit. Workers World magazine. Retrieved October 31, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.workers.org
Board of the County Commissioners of Bryan County, Oklahoma v. Brown, et al. (1997, April 28). United States Supreme Court, No. 95-1100
Cheh, M. (1995). Are lawsuits an answer to police brutality. And Justice for All, p. 233-259.
Chesley, R. (1997, April 20). Police training program could cut lawsuits. Detroit Journal.
There have been numerous situations in which people have been aggressed because of their skin colour or because they found themselves at the wrong time in the wrong place. Police brutality was indeed an abuse of power whenever these situations occurred.
How do you come with such an abuse of power? Is it just? Or, more accurately put, can it ever considered to be just? Is there anything in this world which could make us justify the complete abandonment of power of the individual? The answer is "no" and the reasons that support it are more than numerous.
First and foremost, such an abuse of power can not be tolerated because it would be just the beginning of a series of actions that would probably end up with the construction of a totalitarian regime. Secondly, justice and law must be reinforced, but the manner in which this happens is fundamental. The…...
mlaBibliography:
MacKinnon, Barbara. (2008)Ethics and contemporary issues. Wadsworth Publishing
Pierce, Jessica.(2004) Morality Play: case studies in ethics .McGraw Hill Humanities/Social sciences/Languages
Scheingold, Stuart A.(2004) The politics of rights: lawyers, public policy and political change.University of Michigan
Skolnick, Jerome H., Fyfe, James.(1994). Above the law police and the excessive use of force. Free pres
Police Brutality
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of cases of police brutality reported. It is important to look at police brutality against Hispanics and African-Americans to gain a better understanding of this serious problem.
History of Brutality
The contrast between "law-abiding and lawless people is racialized, making the depreciation of liberty it legitimates equally racialized (oberts, 1999)." This in turns creates a racist pattern of police brutality. The "social norm theory helps to explain why this pattern strikes most Americans as benign. Myths of Black criminality are so embedded in the white psyche that it seems perfectly natural to many Americans that Blacks are disproportionately stopped for traffic infractions, arrested for drug offenses, swept off the street for loitering, and sent to prison (oberts, 1999)."
New York City's police department has a history of racial abuse. Police officials there report a decrease in crime rates, however they often…...
mlaReferences
Chanen, David. (27 October 2003). "Chief Olson's legacy is like his tenure: Complicated; As Minneapolis' top cop prepares to leave, he gets credit for a lower crime rate but criticism for being more politician than leader." Star Tribune.
Federal data on police shootings lacking. (accessed 07 May 2004). www.enquirer.com/editions/2001/04/14/loc_federal_data_on.html.
Lacayo, Richard. (01 April 1991). "Law and disorder: for cops, fear and frustration are constants.
Sometimes even the best of them snap under pressure." Time.
Cole (2007) discusses how in many cases, incidents of police brutality, can often be confused with various self-defense tactics or an actions that a suspect may have taken resulting in the use of force (such as: resisting arrest or attempting to physically attack the police). After examining various incidents from the National Association of Justice, they found that: law enforcement will use force in a limited manner. Where, it is usually involving low levels of force such as: pushing, grabbing and shoving. In most cases, these incidents will often occur during the process of making an arrest (with the suspect resisting). This is significant, because it shows how the various abuses that are often being reported in the press are based upon isolated incidents.
Yet, when looking at the information from the article lack America in Uproar over Police rutality (1999), it highlights how racial profiling has often led to various…...
mlaBibliography
Black America in Uproar over Police Brutality. (1999). Jet, 96 (4), 4 -- 9.
Cole, G. (2007). Use of Force. The American System of Criminal Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, pp. 222- 224.
You can watch police stun cowering protesters with Tasers on YouTube." In 2009, the city agreed with court complaints that it had trampled citizens' protected rights to free speech by forcing marchers back from planned protests and then settled out of court with Amnesty International, the filer of the suit (Porter, 2010). Evidentally, walking while holding a protest sign is still not a criminal offense, but tell that to arresting Miami police officers who are lauded publicly while privately settling court complaints and acknowledging that they systematically violated individual constitutional rights. If you do not yell too loudly in pain while you cowering and being tasered by police, you might just win at your court date.
hile these incidents could and in many cases are mirrored in many other parts of America outside of the South, it is clear from all of these incidents is that police in places like…...
mlaWorks Cited
Jackson state. (2001, May 4). Retrieved 13 July, 2010 from http://www.may41970.com/Jackson%20State/jackson_state_may_1970.htm .
Owens, Simon. (2010, June 16). An Internet activist's war against police brutalit.
Retrieved 13 July 2010 from http://themoderatevoice.com/76749/an-internet-activists-war-against-police-brutality/ .
Lendman, Stephen. (2010, July 13). Police brutality in America. Retrieved 13 July 2010
Police Brutality
There are certainly "cons" when discussing the problem of police brutality, but are there also positives ("pros") when those events occur? This paper points to the issue of police brutality from several viewpoints and critiques the literature.
Police Brutality Cases on the rise since 9/11
Incidents in which police, prison guards or other law enforcement authorities have used "excessive force" or otherwise have violated civil rights "…have increased 25% from fiscal years 2001 to 2007 over the previous seven years" (Johnson, 2007). hy are there more incidents that involve police misbehavior? James, Pasco, the executive director of the National Fraternal Order of Police (the largest police union in the U.S.), believes part of the problem can be explained because there has been "…reduced standards, training and promotion of less experienced officers into the higher police ranks," and that tends to undermine "more rigid supervision" (Johnson, p. 1). Johnson believes the…...
mlaWorks Cited
Harris, Paul. (2011). Police brutality charges sweep across the U.S. The Guardian. Retrieved March 14, 2013, from http://www.guardian.co.uk .
Johnson, Kevin. (2007). Police brutality cases on rise since 9/11. USA Today. Retrieved March
14, 2013, from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com .
Pinizzotto, Anthony J., Davis, Edward F., Bohrer, Shannon B., and Infanti, Benjamin J. (2012).
Police Brutality
"There is no question that police brutality, when it occurs, is one of the most egregious violations of public trust that a public servant can commit."
This statement is an example of circular reasoning. It posits a premise in which the truth of the conclusions is assumed. Police brutality may not be one of the most egregious violations of public trust that a public servant can commit, or it might be, just as I have claimed, but nothing in the paper supports that statement. Providing evidence that people consider police brutality is this type of serious violation of public trust, such as a poll supporting that statement would bolster the argument, as would reasons that these violations are so damaging. As it stands, this statement is simply an unsupported statement.
"There are many arrest and non-arrest scenarios where officers need to use force to protect self or others; and the…...
mlaReferenced
Johnson, K. (2007, December 18). Police brutality cases on rise since 9/11. Retrieved
February 22, 2012 from USA Today website:
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-17-Copmisconduct_N.htm
Keteyian, A. (2011, August 10). Feds crack down on police brutality nationwide. Retrieved February 22, 2012 from CBSNews.com website: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/08/10/eveningnews/main20090883.shtml
How the Black Lives Matter Movement Changed the Law Enforcement Landscape
Abstract
Today, the United States faces multiple existential threats from a global Covid-19 pandemic and the concomitant economic downturn as well as rising racial tensions following the murder of an African American man, George Floyd, on May 25, 2020 by officers with the Minneapolis police department. This event, taking place amidst a once-in-a-century global pandemic with many Americans already nerve-wracked, served to further underscore the fragility of the American experiment when confronted with widespread unrest. To determine the antecedents to the current situation and help identify potential solutions, the purpose of this paper is to provide the background concerning police brutality and systemic racism in the United States, and why this issue has assumed new importance and relevance in recent years. Further, a discussion concerning potential solutions to these seemingly ubiquitous problems is following by some unconventional recommendations for action. Finally,…...
mlaReferences
AMA policy recognizes policy brutality as product of structural racism. (2020). American Medical Association. Retrieved from Dutcher, T. (2020, July). Killing with prejudice: Institutionalized racism in American capital punishment. Theory in Action, 13(3), 148-151.Harris, S. M. (2020, July). Black Lives Matter to systemic family therapists. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(3), 383.Matthews, A. (2020, January 1). Racialized youth in the public library: Systemic racism through a critical theory lens. Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 15(1), 1.McCarthy, N. (2020, July 15). U.S. police shootings: Blacks disproportionately affected. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/chart/21857/people-killed-in-police-shootings-in-the-us/ .Panwala, A. S. (2009, January). The failure of local and federal prosecutors to curb police brutality. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 30(2), 639-642.Wood, S. (2020, July 9). Universities plan fall initiatives to address systemic racism and police brutality. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 37(10), 7.https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-policy-recognizes-police-brutality-product-structural-racism .
Even with that, considering the large numbers mentioned, one can be suppose that not every individual that is being fired at deserves to be shot. Of course, it is logical to believe that police officers receive proper instruction in order to know when it is right to fire a shot. However, considering the fact that police officers are also human, it is possible for them to fail to detect when it is right to use excessive force.
An exceptional account of police brutality is the case of Rodney King vs. The LAPD. King was pulled over by the police on the 3rd of March, 1991, as he was driving his car. Consequent to a disagreement between the police officers and the man, the former started to cruelly beat him. After the confrontation the man was arrested, accused that he had performed several illegalities. The situation became public because of an…...
mlaWorks cited:
1. Alpert Geoffrey P., Smith William C." How Reasonable Is the Reasonable Man?: Police and Excessive Force." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 85, 1994.
2. Knight, Frederick. Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam." The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 79, 1994.
3. Winright, Tobias. "The Perpetrator as Person: Theological Reflections on the Just War Tradition and the Use of Force by Police." Criminal Justice Ethics, Vol. 14, 1995.
Knight, Frederick. Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam." The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 79, 1994.
Doctrines of Duty Care Failure Protecting Laws on Vehicular Pursuits and Police rutality
Title 42, Section 1983 of the United States Code, or the federal civil rights statute, officials of the state and local governments may be sued in they violate an individual's constitutional rights, such as the Fourth Amendment (atterton, 2015; Dean, 1998; Rutledge, 2010). This amendment explicitly protects an individual from unreasonable arrest and seizure. It is often invoked when a police officer makes the unreasonable arrest or seizure. The complainant may take this course of action, imploring the Fifth and 14th amendments due process clause under one of two doctrines, namely the special relationship doctrine and the state-created doctrine (atterton, Dean, Rutledge).
The Special Relationship Liability Doctrine
Under this doctrine, the state takes control of a person by way of an affirmative duty to protect him (atterton, 2015; Dean, 1998; Rutledge, 2010). Examples of recipients of this protection are prisoners…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Batterton, B.S. (2015). Motor vehicle pursuit liability. Public Agency Training Council.
Retrieved on July 31, 2015 from http://www.patc.com/weeklyarticles/vehicle-pursuit-liability.shtml
Dean, M.A. (1998). The failure of law enforcement to enforce the law. Mdean: Tripod.
Retrieved on July 31, 2015 from http://mcdean.tripod.com/immunity.html
Son
How has systemic oppression and discrimination impacted each of the three cases in this documentary?
Every Mother's Son depicts the challenges which face young black men when they are confronted by law enforcement officials who perceive all African-American males as a threat solely as a result of their skin color. In the case of Amadou Diallo, he was profiled as a potential suspect purely on his rough resemblance to a man accused of rape. Anthony Baez (who was training to be a police officer) was placed in a chokehold that killed him after an enraged officer was livid because Baez accidentally bounced a football off of his car; Baez was seen as disrespectful because of this accident even though he meant no harm. Gary (Gidone) Busch was killed because he was carrying a small ceremonial hammer used on Orthodox Jewish prayer; officers had no idea of its symbolic significance and…...
Racial Equality and Justice
Abstract
This essay discusses racial equality and justice in the United States within the context of the events in the spring and summer of 2020. On May 25, 2020 George Floyd was killed while in police custody. The killing was videotaped and showed a non-resisting Floyd suffocated by an officer kneeling on his neck. Neither the officer who killed Floyd nor any of his fellow officers was arrested following Floyd’s death. This kicked off a series of protests in the United States, which brought the lingering racial inequality that plagues the country into the spotlight. In this essay, we investigate racial equality and justice. We discuss George Floyd, the protests surrounding his death, riots in Minneapolis, the role that Antifa played in the protests, the role of Black Lives Matter, the death of Breonna Taylor, the concept of defunding the police, the celebration of Juneteenth, and the removal…...
mlaReferences
Barker, Kim and Furber, Matt. “Bail Is at Least $1 Million for Ex-Officer Accused of Killing George Floyd.” The New York Times. 8 June 2020. Accessed 14 July 2020.Black Lives Matter. “What We Believe.” Black Lives Matter. 2020. https://blacklivesmatter.com/what-we-believe/. Accessed 14 July 2020. Kenney, Michael and Clark, Colin. “What Antifa Is, What It Isn’t, and Why It Matters.” War on the Rocks. 23 June 2020. https://warontherocks.com/2020/06/what-antifa-is-what-it-isnt-and-why-it-matters/ . Accessed 14 July 2020.Peeples, Lynne. “What the Data Say About Police Brutality and Racial Violence- and Which Reforms Might Work.” Nature. 19 June 2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01846-z. Accessed 14 July 2020. The Sentencing Project. “Report of The Sentencing Project to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance: Regarding Racial Disparities in the United States Criminal Justice System.” The Sentencing Project. March 2018. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/un-report-on-racial-disparities/ . Accessed 14 July 2020. United States Senate. “Senate Passes the 13th Amendment.” Senate Historical Office. ND. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Passes_the_Thirteenth_Amendment.htm#:~:text=The%202012%20film%20Lincoln%20told,Representatives%20on%20January%2031%2C%201865 . Accessed 14 July 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/us/derek-chauvin-court.html .
One of the most significant social movements that has emerged within the past few years is #BlackLivesMatter. #BlackLivesMatter is a social justice movement focusing on issues like police brutality and disparities in the criminal justice system, as well as other manifestations of institutionalized racism. The movement started after George Zimmerman was acquitted on charges of murder of an unarmed black teenager, Trayvon Martin. While #BlackLivesMatter was not the first social movement to raise awareness about racial disparities in America, it is the first major social justice movement of its kind to capitalize specifically on social media to achieve its goals (Day, 2015). #BlackLivesMatter addresses issues of intersectionality of race, class, gender, and power, aiming to achieve broad but seemingly elusive social justice objectives. Critics of #BlackLivesMatter have portrayed the group as a “security threat,” while others have responded the movement with mocking hashtags and countermovements like #alllivesmatter (Day, 2015). These criticisms…...
mlaReferences
Black Lives Matter (2018). Day, E. (2015). #BlackLivesMatter. The Guardian. 19 July, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/19/blacklivesmatter-birth-civil-rights-movementhttps://blacklivesmatter.com/
Police officers are authorized to use force when necessary, a policy that is generally used to protect innocent people from violence and abuse, and protect the general public from harm. However, the authorization to use force can be easily abused. Police abuse of power in the form of police brutality is an ethical problem because it constitutes abuse of power, and also leads to mistrust of law enforcement. Mistrust of law enforcement in turn undermines the authority and legitimacy of the police and prevents cooperative measures of stopping crime like community policing models. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2015), 44 million people on average each year in the United States have some kind of face-to-face contact with police and of those 44 million, just under two percent experience use of threatening or nonfatal force. While this number may seem small, on the ground the high rate of police…...
Potential Topics:
Police Brutality and Race
Police Violence and African Americans
When Does the Use of Force Become Police Brutality?
Police Brutality and the Black Lives Matter Movement
Police Brutality and the Blue Lives Matter Movement
Alternate Titles:
The Use of Violence: Is there a Limit to the Amount of Force Police Officers Should Use on a Suspect?
Why Just Comply Is Not the Answer to Police Brutality
Are Minorities the Victims of Higher Rates of Police Violence?
Police Brutality: Is there a War on Cops or a War by Cops?
Outline:
I. Introduction - Definition
II. Body
A. Definition
B. Racial Disparity in American Criminal Justice
C. The Black Lives Matter Movement
D. Subsequent Killings
E. Delrawn Small on July 4, 2016
F. Alton Sterling on July 5, 2016
G. Philando Castile on July 6, 2016
H. Blue Lives Matter
I. Police Brutality and Attacks on the Police are Separate Issues
III. Conclusion - Proposed Solution
Abstract
This essayexamines the topic of police brutality through the lens of disproportionate violence against unarmed African Americans.…...
Police Brutality Essay Titles:
The social sciences refer to any academic discipline that deals with human behavior. The fields that generally fall under this rubric include economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, political science, historiography, as well as certain types of culture-specific studies. Mixed method research refers to a research methodology that mixes traditional quantitative and qualitative research designs and discussing both types of evidence or data while considering the takeaways or conclusions of the research.
Some topics for mixed method research in social sciences are:
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