Poland throughout its history has periodically disappeared from the face of the map only to re-emerge phoenix-like mainly due to the dogged perseverance and a strong sense of national identity exhibited by the Poles that has transcended prolonged periods of foreign domination. At the start of the First orld ar in 1914, Poland had been under one of the periodic "partitions" that it has suffered in its tragic history -- having been divided among the three neighboring powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia for over a century. The events that followed during the ar proved to be another turning point in the history of Poland and the Polish people -- although, the war resulted in untold suffering for the Polish people, it also provided them with an unexpected opportunity of independence. This essay describes the fortunes of the nation during the First orld ar, assesses the post-war peace settlement that…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28002395 

Biskupski, M.B. The History of Poland. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Buell, Leslie Raymond. Poland: Key to Europe. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1939.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99696409 

Dziewanowski, M.K. Poland in the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

While even environmental pollution can be a concern, in terms of worker safety in some areas of Eastern Europe, Poland still has a substantial amount of pristine land.
Q4. What are two key factors for success that will be important if this project is to be successful?

Key success factors include availing one's self of a cheaper yet skilled labor supply to produce a high-quality product that is still affordable in the region, and ensuring the cooperation of the government so the company will not be burdened by unnecessary regulations. At present, Poland has experienced some setbacks: its budget deficit increased "7.1% last year after the global economic crisis depleted government revenue," and preventing it meeting its goal of adopting the euro in 2012, as formerly hoped (Bartyzel & ozlal.). But virtually all European nations were hard-hit by the recession, and Poland's deficit does not indicate a crisis of governance or…...

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References

Bartyzel Dorota & Monika Rozlal. (2010). Poland's budget draft may not make progress toward

EU budget deficit goal. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 5, 2011 at  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-12/poland-s-budget-draft-may-not-make-progress-toward-eu-budget-deficit-goal.html 

Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions. (2011). Comparison. Retrieved November 5, 2011 at  http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=70#compare

SEM 416 As XXXX points out from the onset, the attendance of nonviolence is a daily effort. This is to say that nonviolence is not an automatic response, but rather a deliberate and considered course of action. There are numerous nonviolent movements that have been active in the past. In seeking to demonstrate that nonviolence is indeed achievable, it would be prudent to highlight two of these movements. The two movements that will be discussed in this text are: Czechoslovakia’s Velvet Revolution (1989) and Poland’s Solidarity Movement (1980-1989).
Poland’s Solidarity Movement (1980-1989)
It is important to note, from the onset, that the groundwork for Poland’s Solidarity movement was set in 1946 following the parliamentary electoral fraud perpetrated by the communists. This is more so the case taking into consideration the resulting civil resistance that went on until Solidarity become prominent – and the larger society found a way of embracing consolidation and coordinated…...

Poland
Polish Antipathy towards the Soviet Union

After the conclusion of the Second World War, the victorious Allies were showered with the spoils of their success in the conflict. The victorious nations - the Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, and France -- were left to decide what to do with the war ravaged countries that remained throughout Europe and Asia. The major question on the minds of the leaders and politicians remained: how to divide up the crumbled nations of the broken continent? When dividing up the spoiled nations, the job was broken into different geographical tasks: Europe, Asia, and the third world countries (Gaddis, 1997).

In February 1945 the leaders from the big three countries - Franklin oosevelt (President of the United States), Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of Great Britain) and Josef Stalin (Soviet Premier) met in the City of Yalta to discuss how to divide Europe (Judge & Langdon, 1999).…...

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References

Dziewanowski, M.K. A History of Soviet Russia. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1989. 266-267.

Gaddis, J.L. (1997). We now know: rethinking cold war history. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Judge, E.H., & Langdon, J.W. (1999). The cold war: a history through documents. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Kenez, Peter. A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1999. 132-133, 163-164.

GDP growth in Poland has been steady throughout the past few years. This is almost entirely based on economic growth as the population has remained essentially the same over the past several years. One of the main precursors for Poland's growth has been in its workforce. It left the communist days with a largely outdated industrial sector, but has swiftly joined the information age due to the quality of its workforce. Literacy is near 100% and Poles receive an amount of schooling that is comparable to other leading astern uropean countries. Moreover, the average amount of education received by Poles is higher amongst younger demographics, which shows that Poland is on par with other developing countries in terms of having an increasingly educated workforce.

Poland's economic base has moved to a majority service-base, with industry representing just 31.7% of the GOP in 2006. Moreover, Poland is a net importer, which could…...

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Education Attainment by Gender and Average Years of Education." Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD). retrieved Feb 19, 2008  http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/9/37863998.pdf 

Foldvari, Peter. "An Estimation of the Human Capital Stock in Eastern and Central Europe." retrieved Feb 19, 2008  http://ideas.repec.org/a/mes/eaeuec/v43y2006i6p53-65.html 

Bennett, Andrew. "Poland." EDC. January 2008. EDC. retrieved Feb 19, 2008  http://www.edc.ca/english/docs/gpoland_e.pdf

Overall, it can be said that the fall of the communist systems around Europe has had different effects and repercussions. These determined the historical evolution between economic success and disarray. Poland is a good example for the effects Western countries had on its economic and political scene, whereas Yugoslavia represents a country still facing the chains of transition, with little European prospects.

ibliography

C News. "Profile: Serbia and Montenegro."C World. 2006. 6 April 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1039269.stm#overview

CIA. "Serbia." The World Factbook. 2007. 6 April 2007 https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rb.html

Energy Information Administration. "North Central Europe." Energy Information Administration. 2002. 6 April 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/czech2.html

European Commission. "Commission Staff Working Document Serbia 2006 Progress Report." EU Enlargement. 2006. 6 April 2007 http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2006/nov/sr_sec_1389_en.pdf

European Commission. "Commission Staff Working Document Montenegro 2006 Progress Report." EU Enlargement. 2006. 6 April 2007 http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2006/nov/mn_sec_1388_en.pdf

Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Poland. "History." Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 6 April, 2007. http://www.poland.gov.pl/the, Economy,369.html

Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Poland. "Society: Poland's way…...

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Bibliography

BBC News. "Profile: Serbia and Montenegro."BBC World. 2006. 6 April 2007  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1039269.stm#overview 

CIA. "Serbia." The World Factbook. 2007. 6 April 2007 https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rb.html

Energy Information Administration. "North Central Europe." Energy Information Administration. 2002. 6 April 2007  http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/czech2.html 

European Commission. "Commission Staff Working Document Serbia 2006 Progress Report." EU Enlargement. 2006. 6 April 2007  http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2006/nov/sr_sec_1389_en.pdf

France and Poland: A Study in Contrasts
France and Poland:

Study in Contrasts

Few countries in Europe have such widely differing modern histories as France and Poland. Both began the modern era as ancient Catholic monarchies. Each nation covered a large expanse of territory and could claim, at least in theory, to be a power within its own region. There however, the comparison stops. France was a relatively well-organized, and fairly coherent state under the rule of a powerful king and a centralizing absolute monarchy. Poland, on the hand, was a hold-over from the medieval past, an elective monarchy dominated by an overweening, exceedingly numerous aristocracy. While France was destined to enter the Nineteenth Century as a powerful empire, and to become more highly centralized than ever before, Poland would, at almost the very same time, completely disappear from the map. Absorbed into ussia, Germany, and Austria, the Polish people would be condemned…...

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References

Davies, Norman. (2001). Heart of Europe: The Past in Poland's Present. New York: Oxford University Press.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=34057881

Haine, W.S. (2000). The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=64229429 

Nagengast, C. (1991). Reluctant Socialists, Rural Entrepreneurs: Class, Culture, and the Polish State. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Changes in smoking and in the consumption of fruits and vegetables probably played a minor role in this decrease." (Disease Priorities in Developing Countries, nd) This information is shown in the following chart labeled Figure 1.
Source: Willet et al. (nd)

The work of eblo and Lauer (2002) reports an analysis of the "intergenerational transmission of poverty from Polish parents to their children through children's educational attainment during the transition process of the 1990s." In an investigation of the relationship that exists between the background of the family and the education findings show that "children' education is strongly related to the structure of the household, the education of parents, the size of the city and the region of residence." However, the income of the household and the labor market situation of the parents are found to have only a weak, although significant effect on the education of children. (eblo and Lauer,…...

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Bibliography

Beblo, Miriam and Lauer, Charlotte (2002) Intergenerational Poverty Dynamics in Poland: Family Background and Children's educational Attainment During Transition. Centre for European Economic Research 15 June 2002. Social Science Research Network. Online available at  http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=320980 

Country Facts Baltic Sea Region: Poland (nd) Online available at  http://bibl.sh.se/baltic/countryfacts.htm 

Culture of Poland (2008) Every Culture. Countries and Their Culture. Online available at  http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Poland.html 

Fratczak, Ewa (2004) Family and Fertility in Poland - Changes During the Transition Period. Institutes of Statistics and Demography. Warsaw School of Economics. The PIE International Workshop on Demographic Changes and Labor Markets in Transition Economies February 20 & 21, 2004 hosted by Institute of Economic Research (IER), Hitotsubashi University at Sano Shoin (President's Guest House of Hitotsubashi University) Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan

At present there are only two documents are present along with the program under regulatory environment in Poland and EU support initiatives that make the use of coal more environmentally sustainable. These documents are Green Paper and VII Framework Program for esearch and Technological Development. While programs include EU program-Zero Emission Technology Platform that aims at promoting technological solutions for energy development based on coal.
As discussed by Piebalgs (2006) that in the Green Paper it has been emphasized by European Commission that an incorporated global approach is required to climate change. Thus Green Paper does not specify the future of any fuel rather it emphasizes that it should be obligatory that the fuel being used in any country is contributing in the sustainable development. The green house gas emission is the challenge that is being faced by many countries and Poland is one of them. Elaborating Green Paper, Ministry…...

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References

Blaschke, W. "Hard-Coal as a source of Clean Energy in Poland." 19th World Energy Congress, Sydney, Australia. 2004

International Energy Agency, "Toward a Sustainable Energy Future" 2006

Kyoto Protocol published online from the United Nations website   accessed on November 17, 2011http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php 

Montgomery, C.W., "Environmental Geology (6th edition)." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2003

nvasion of Poland by the German army began World War . Germany invaded against the warnings of their Allies, specifically France and German. Germany conquered the territories very quickly with the strategies that Hitler and his generals had developed. While Germany had once been in favor with the other nations of the world, this was lost during this time in history. When Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan the American armies joined the Allies and entered into World War . The strategies of Patton and Eisenhower worked well against the German forces and the German surrender began and Hitler went to hiding in his bunker and killed himself. At the ending of the war in 1945 there were decisions made on the part of the allies to prevent Germany from starting yet another war. The capital of Germany, Berlin was divided when the Allied powers of the United Kingdom, United…...

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It is reported that the Japanese had a torpedo that was better than those possessed by the Americans however as the American's equipment became improved and specifically as their submarines overtook the Japanese the war ended. The merchant ships of the Japanese were eliminated by the Americans and the U.S. acquired Okinawa and Iwo Jima and established bases used to attack the mainland of Japan. The Japanese ended World War II with losses that were unnecessary including the loss of their home island, their ship fleets, citizens and ultimately their power.

III. Italy and Germany

The leaders of Italy desired to get rid of Mussolini following the fall of Palermo and ultimately Mussolini resigned and was then arrested. The allies had hoped to invade France but Churchill following the Trident Conference that took place in Washington proposed that the Italy mainland be invaded and gained the compliance of the Americans. A deal was made with the Allies with Italy involving protecting Italy from Germany and on the 3rd day of September 1943 the Allies invaded the Italian mainland. Italy surrendered on September 8th. There was still a stalemate in Italy and the Allies decided that they would attack the Anzio beachhead. The Germans were defeated and the Americans went up the coast and when they met in the middle they broke the Gustav line and the Hitler line and took Rome. However, Germany was in control of Italy until the war finally ended.

Polish Culture Poland is one of the biggest Central European countries and is divided into 16 subdivisions. Approximately 60.1% of the population of 38.4 million people live in urban areas (CIA, 2019). A majority of the population identify themselves as Poles and speak Polish as their native language (CIA, 2019). The capital in Warsaw, and it is a Unitary parliamentary constitutional Republic with a president and prime minister. It has a legislature divided into and upper and lower house (CIA, 2019). It is bounded by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, Russia’s Kaliningrad Oblast, the Czech Republic, and Germany (InfoPoland, n.d.).
The geography of Poland is relatively low, with 91% of the country at just 300 meters above sea level (InfoPoland, n.d.). It has a relatively flat terrain, but glaciers in the region formed low hills and numerous small lakes in the northern portion of Poland (InfoPoland, n.d.). The northern portion…...

Introduction
Located in southern Poland, Krakow is a city steeped in history and tradition. From its medieval roots to its vibrant modern culture, Krakow has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. The modern history of Krakow encompasses political upheavals, social changes, and cultural developments that have shaped the city into what it is today.

One of the most significant events in Krakow's modern history was the partitioning of Poland in the late 18th century, which saw the city come under Austrian control. This period marked the beginning of a new era for Krakow, as the city underwent numerous changes under Austrian rule.

The 20th century brought further turmoil to Krakow, as the city witnessed the horrors of World War II and the brutalities of the Nazi occupation. The Jewish population of Krakow was decimated during the Holocaust, leaving behind only a fraction of its pre-war numbers. The city itself was also heavily damaged…...

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References

3. Czapli?ski, Przemys?aw. \"Krakow in the Time of Communism.\" Poland\'s Journal of the Social Sciences 1.4, 2002, pp. 659-672.

4. Mach, Zdzis?aw. \"Nowa Huta: An Unfinished Project of Totalitarian Urbanisation.\" Polish Sociological Review, no. 3, 2001, pp. 241-259.

5. Weigel, George. \"Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II.\" HarperCollins, 1999.

6. Kenney, Padraic. \"A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989.\" Princeton University Press, 2002.

Ghettos
The overall function, cause and purpose of ghettos varies a lot throughout history. However, the ghettos in Poland and other parts of what eventually ecame Nazi-controlled had a defined and definite purpose. Indeed, they were a way to separate and control the Jews that the Nazis wanted to confine and kill. Even with all of that, there were variations and performance reasons that led to the Nazis massaging and changing their tactics. A few things that will e answered in this rief report was how things were for the different groups living in the ghettos, how the ghettos operated overall and so forth. Even things like whether the Nazi control over the areas was accepted or resisted shall e covered. While the results of the Nazis and their efforts are widely known, they didn't get as far as they wanted (or as fast) with the ghettos.

Analysis

As indicated in the introduction,…...

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bibliography/Lewy_%D0%A1C.pdf

Roskies, D. (2016). Jewish Cultural Life in the Vilna Ghetto. Columbia. Retrieved 27 October 2016, from https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/.../vilna_roskies.pdf

USHMM,. (2009). SELECTED DOCUMENTS SHOWING KEY LEGAL MECHANISMS USED TO IMPLEMENT THE NAZI AGENDA. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 27 October 2016, from  https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20091123-ljh-antisemitic-law.pdf

" (Walsh, est, and Rai 133) Neither does the article pay sufficient attention to the motivational aspects that led Walensa to enter the Solidarity movement, and the reason for the rejection of communism.
For example, the important aspect that personally motivated Walensa was not so much any intellectual disagreement with communism - in fact he virtually ignored the student protests of 1968, which he felt was "... A problem for the intellectuals." (Walsh, est, and Rai 133) However this attitude was to change when"...on December 12, 1970, the Communist regime decreed steep increases in the prices of basic foodstuffs. The suddenness of this action in the immediate pre-Christmas season shocked Polish workers, and many went into the streets in spontaneous protest. "(Walsh, est, and Rai 133)

Not enough attention is given to the reasons that lay beneath the Soviet reaction to Walensa. This refers to the"... change in Soviet leadership with the…...

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Bibliography

Lech Wa?

sa November 2, 2005.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walensa 

Casmir, Fred L., ed. Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and Media in Contemporary Conflicts. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995.

Gardner, Hall. Surviving the Millennium: American Global Strategy, the Collapse of the Soviet Empire, and the Question of Peace. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1994.

ut help is on the way. A elgian theologian is cited as saying: 'It is important and healthy for women, for families, for societies, that we are dealing with the return of the human male, almost from the dead'." (2007) It is interesting to note that there appears to be great fear among the Polish majority mindset that the strong role of men in their society will somehow be diminished by women also entering into a role that is modified from the present role attributed to Polish womanhood and strengthened. The media in Poland has actively and imaginatively played with the Polish nationalist party and served to drive the country back into pre-E.U. accession mindset.
The cover of Wprost in May 2004 is stated to feature a man "placed well above the woman" who is looking "proudly and sternly ahead, into the future; the woman teeth bared in a submissive…...

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Bibliography

Abizadeh, Arash (2004) Liberal nationalist vs. postnational social integration: on the nation's ethno-cultural particularity and 'concreteness. Nations and Nationalism 10 (3), 2004, 231 -- 250. r ASEN 2004

Agnieszka Graff (2005) The Return of the Real Man: Gender and E.U. Accession in Three Polish Weeklies. Online available at:  http://www.iub.edu/~reeiweb/events/2005/graffpaper.pdf 

Alsop, Rachel and Hockey, Jenny (2004) in: In Women in society: achievements, risk, and challenges. Nova Publishers, 2004

Dizard, R., Korte, H. And Zamejc, A (2007) Right-Wing Nationalism in Poland: A threat to human rights? 2007 by Rachael Dizard, Henrike Korte and Anna "amej." Online available at:   oland/Dizard_Korte_Zhttp://humanityinaction.org/docs/Reports/2007_Reports_P 

Topic 1: The Geopolitics of Resistance: Understanding the Regional and Global Implications of Ukraine's Defiance

Introduction:

The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has reverberated across the globe, highlighting the complex interplay between geopolitics, nationalism, and international relations. Ukraine's unwavering resistance against Russian aggression has tested the limits of power and diplomacy, with profound consequences for the region and the world. This essay will delve into the geopolitical implications of Ukraine's defiance, examining its impact on regional alliances, global security dynamics, and the future of the post-Cold War order.

Body:

1. Reshaping Regional Alliances:

Ukraine's resistance has strengthened ties between Western nations, solidifying NATO as a united front....

1. The Origins of the Kievan Rus' and the Emergence of a Unified Slavic State:

Explore the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to the rise of the Kievan Rus' state.
Analyze the role of the Varangians, Slavs, and other ethnic groups in the development of a unified Slavic society.
Discuss the significance of Vladimir the Great's conversion to Christianity and its impact on the state's identity.

2. The Mongol Invasion and its Transformative Influence on Russian Society:

Examine the reasons for the Mongol conquest of Russia and its devastating consequences on the population and economy.
Analyze the political and....

1. The transformation of Krakow from a medieval city to a modern urban center
2. The impact of World War II on Krakow and its subsequent reconstruction and development
3. The role of Krakow in the Polish Solidarity movement and the fall of communism in Poland
4. The growth of tourism in Krakow and its effects on the city's modern history
5. The emergence of Krakow as a hub for education and innovation in contemporary Poland
6. The preservation and promotion of Krakow's cultural heritage in the modern era
7. The challenges and opportunities facing Krakow in the 21st century as it continues to evolve as....

Krakow's Transformation as a Modern Metropolis

Introduction

Krakow, a city steeped in history, has undergone a remarkable transformation during the modern era. From its origins as a royal capital to its emergence as a cultural and economic powerhouse, the city's modern history is a captivating journey that has shaped its identity and legacy.

The Rise of the Industrial Center (1800-1918)

After the Partitions of Poland, Krakow fell under Austrian rule and experienced rapid industrial growth. Factories sprung up, attracting workers from across the region. This period witnessed the establishment of important industries such as textiles, metalworking, and chemicals. Krakow's population surged, and its urban....