Pluralism
In general terms, pluralism implies the interrelationship between diverse groups. As a term, the same can also be used to represent a wide range of diverse views. In this text, I concern myself with pluralism, that is, its meaning and what working in a pluralistic environment means.

Pluralism & Working in a Pluralistic Environment

Literary, pluralism can be taken to denote 'more than one.' Hence at the organizational level, pluralism could simply mean that a given organization or entity embraces 'more than one' subcultures. Thus in a way, pluralism as a phrase is rather 'catch all' and towards that end, the same can be used as a philosophy that advocates for 'more than one' viewpoint. In passing, it is important to note that in a pluralistic environment, pluralism can be looked at from a number of angles. Thus in this case, we could have cultural pluralism, religious pluralism, ethical pluralism, moral pluralism…...

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References

Aswathappa, K. & Sadhna Dash. 2007. International Human Resource Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Daft, Richard L. & Dorothy Marcic. 2008. Understanding Management. Cengage Learning.

However, many have argued that the U.S., even though its institutions are not technically oligarchic, still functions as power elite. The United States, although it is a republic, clearly has certain types of power concentrated in the hands of some citizens as opposed to others, as wealth and professional or political positions give particular individuals added influence in terms of how policies are made. The American power elite sends its children to the best schools, makes connections with other powerful people, and assumes command of the major corporations, the military, and the government (the power elite, 2009, Afrostaff). Even though some outsiders may make incursions into this elite as a result of their talent, this only occurs if they do not threaten the elite's core values, or the power elite pressures these few upstarts to uphold the status quo. The U.S. may have institutions that seem to be pluralistic, but…...

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Works Cited

Pluralism. (2009). History Learning Website. Retrieved March 3, 2009 at  http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/pluralism.htm 

The power elite. (2009). Afrostaff. Afroamerica. Retrieved March 3, 2009 at http://www.afromerica.com/knowledge/justice/whitecollar/powerelite.ph

Buddhism is the world's fourth largest religion, and while it does not hold view that only Buddhists will eventually attain enlightenment, it does profess that Buddhism is the only route to nirvana, or the state of awareness and existence through which a human being is freed from the cycle of suffering. In this way, Buddhists do not believe that any other religious practice or belief can lead to God. But it is interesting to note that Buddhists do not believe that non-believers will go to hell. Instead of employing fear as a tactic to draw more believers, Buddhism uses positive reinforcement, or the idea that nirvana can be achieved through the religion, as a major draw.
The Muslim religion is also one of the largest and oldest religions in the world. it's like other Abrahamic religions like Christianity and Judaism teach that their way is the only way to God.…...

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References

Hopfe, Lewis M. And Woodward, Mark R. Religions of the World. Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River, NJ. 2008.

Cultural Pluralism
Describe how citizens of the United States foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism.

American citizens foster cultural acceptance from their attitudes, beliefs and traditions. What is happening is a number of different areas within American society are based upon European customs and traditions. These ideas have become integrated as a standard part of the mainstream culture. Over the course of time, these values were combined with ideological principles such as self-determination to create unique groups that are embracing core ideas. (Marger, 2009)

The way that Americans are able to encourage a climate of acceptance is from their willingness to change. This occurs through new programs that are forcing everyone to reexamine themselves and their attitudes about others. Once this happens, there will be a shift in beliefs about different ethnic groups and their ideas. This is when new attributes are accepted by mainstream American culture. (Marger, 2009)

For example, in…...

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References

Strategies for Reducing Racial and Ethnic Prejudice. (2012). Tollerence.org. Retrieved from:  http://www.tolerance.org/activity/strategies-reducing-racial-and-ethnic-prejudice-essential-pr 

Berkowitz, B. (2012). Strategies and Activities. CTB. Retrieved from:  http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1173.aspx 

Holloway, J. (2005). Africanism in American Culture. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Holtzman, L. (2000). Media Messages. Armonk, NY: Sharp.

Postmodernism and Pluralism
Pluralism and postmodernism revolve around the concept of truth, towards which many people are skeptical today. The field of epistemology has undergone a myriad of changes over the centuries, and there is a growing consensus that the concept of truth has not only become archaic, but also irrelevant. This trend, experts believe, depicts a shift from modernism to postmodernism, where people pursue knowledge in a radically differently way. The concept of plurality arises from postmodernism, and will be used to analyze the stand of the Mormon Church on controversial global issues later on in this text.

Modernism: dates back to the renaissance period and is characterized by the conviction that humans must discover the secrets of nature as this is the only way they can exercise power over it (Brantley n. pag.). A modern mind attaches more importance to reason than it does to God's documented writings that lack…...

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Works Cited

Brantley, Garry. "What has Happened to Truth?" First Baptist Church of Fenton, 1996. Web. 19 Oct. 2014 http://www.fbcfenton.net/000TRM/APOLOGETICS_AND_EVANGELISM/The%20Problem%20of%20Post-Modernism%20and%20Radical%20Pluralism.htm

Santos, Fernanda. "Some Find Path to Navajo Roots through Mormon Church." New York Times 30 Oct. 2013: A12. Print.

"...religious establishment not religious freedom was the norm in colonial America. (eligious Pluralism in the United States)
An example that can be given is the influence of other cultural and religious beliefs in the country, such as the arrival of thousands of ussian Jews who fled to the United States from 1882 to 1924 to avoid persecution. This led in many case to the emergence of anti-Semitism in area of the country. (eligious Pluralism in the United States)

However, despite historical facts that tend to question the authenticity of religious freedom in the Untied States, many commentators and scholars refer to the long tradition of the acceptance of different regions and religious groupings in the United States. "American citizens span the spectrum from evangelical Christians to ardent atheists; from observant Muslims to secular and orthodox Jews. Ethnically, American citizens include Mexican-Americans, African-Americans, Puerto ican Americans, European-Americans, ussian-Americans, and many other ethnicities"…...

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References

Jelen T.G. (2007)the Constitutional Basis of Religious Pluralism in the United

States: Causes and Consequences. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 612 (1), pp. 26-41. Retrieved May 27, 2008, at  http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/612/1/26?rss=1 

Religious Pluralism in the United States. Retrieved May 27, 2008, at http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:sngMvohvkgcJ:www.bc.edu/centers/boisi/meta-elements/pdf/bc_papers/BCP-Pluralism.pdf+religious+pluralism+and+UNited+States&l=en&t=clnk&d=6&l=uk

Democracy in America Revisited-- Defining America's Current Political Identity.

Dialectical Pluralism means that the doctrine of pluralism in philosophy is arrived at by means of logical argument. This argument includes Hegel's technique of stating a thesis, for which an antithesis is then developed. These are then combined to become a coherent and logical synthesis.
Pluralism may be contrasted with monism and dualism, in that it incorporates a multiplicity of ideas rather than a single one or a dual one, where there are two opposing forces. Pluralism holds that there cannot be only on or two systems according to which the world may philosophically be explained. Instead there is a multiplicity of ideas, each of which has its logical place in the philosophy of the world that is. The opposing force in this argument is then that, while there are many ways to explain whatever subject field is the focus, these explanations contradict each other. It is thus difficult to delineate…...

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Bibliography

Margonis, Frank. "Philosophical Pluralism: The Promise of Fragmentation." University of Utah, 2001. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/96_docs/margonis_intro.html

White, Hayden. "Historical Pluralism." University of Chicago, 2002.  http://www.uchicago.edu/research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v12/v12n3.white.html

Humility and Moral Pluralism
Humble Morals

Humility can actually play a fairly significant role in ethical decision making, particularly when those decisions are related to any form of organization, whether professional, clerical, or even personal (such as a family). Essentially, humility's part in ethical decision making stems from a person's ability to look beyond his or her own personal needs to determine a greater good. That greater good typically exists outside of the individual, and may reflect the interest of other people or groups. In especially difficult ethical decisions, the interest represented by an individual making a choice and the greater good that is to be achieved by such a decision are in conflict. However, it is safe to posit that no matter what sort of ethical decision is being made, there is a degree of self-effacement that needs to take place for the one determining the course of action. Being able…...

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References

Boghossian, P. (2011). "The Maze of Moral Relativism." The New York Times. Retrieved from  http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/the-maze-of-moral-relativism/ 

Mason, E. (2011). "Value Pluralism." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from  http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2011/entries/value-pluralism/ .

Mill, J.S. (1863). Utilitarianism. Retrieved from  http://www.utilitarianism.com/mill1.htm

As Mitchell points out however, this criterion can overlook the major differences between the cultures that form the Hispanic group, and the multicultural curriculum should ensure the recognition of these basic differences. (Mitchell, 102)
However, this emphasis on difference that is characteristic of the contemporary ethnic studies is not to be taken as a form of absolute belonging or encapsulation of an individual in a certain culture. Multicultural education aims at teaching the differences between cultures and at equipping the individual with the necessary skills for the culturally plural environment. This means that the student learns to understand his own culture and the other cultures, but at the same time to detach himself from the unique identification with a nation or an ethnic identity:

Individuals are capable of having multiple identifications and attachments, including attachments to their cultural community, their nation, and to 'the worldwide community of human beings' (Nussbaum, 2002,…...

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Works Cited

Banks, James a, ed. Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004

Teaching Strategies for Ethnic Studies, 7th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2002.

Mitchell, Bruce. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Education. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999.

President Karzai confirmed that the sharia would remain as the law of the land but gave assurances that amputation punishments would not be enforced (Shea 2002). He stressed that very strict rules applied in such cases. Extreme sharia had no room for checks on judicial power. Extreme sharia's all-powerful judicial mechanism excludes democracy and sharply reduces human freedom. With its 7th-century laws and punishments, the Supreme Court was not only another branch of government but the very seat of power. Countries with religious judges were in direct command of coercive powers. The president or parliament could not override their decisions and no politician or journalist could criticize them. It would be blasphemy to do so. With the drafting of a new constitution after a year-long process, the country's legislative body could prevent the portent spoken of by Shinwari. It would be crucial to the protection and expansion of human freedoms…...

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Bibliography

1. Current Events. The Most Dangerous Place on Earth. Weekly Reader Corporation, 2001

2. Maloney, Sean M. Afghanistan: from Here to Eternity. Parameters: U.S. Army War College, 2004

3. Shea, Nina. Sharia in Kabul? National Review: National Review, Inc., 2002

4. Veneman, Ann M. Can America Pull Off a Triple Play? USA Today: Society for the Advancement of Education, 2004

Modernism and Pluralism is a daunting task. Depending on the setting and discipline, both concepts mean different things to different people. Establishing the beginning and end of both concepts is equally as daunting but, regardless, it cannot be denied that both concepts have greatly influenced contemporary thinking and that the world, as we currently know it, would not have developed without the change in thinking brought about by both concepts (Wagers, 2007).
In politics, at least in the United States, there is likely no greater example of the influence of Modernism and Pluralism than President Franklin oosevelt. His election in 1932 marked a departure from the traditionalism that was characterized by the presidency of Herbert Hoover and America's adoption of the ideas of modernism and pluralism that had been circulating throughout the world for many years (Barone, 1990).

By the time that oosevelt was elected, modernism had been affecting culture, politics,…...

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References

Barone, M. (1990). Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan. New York: Free Press.

Brands, H. (2009). Traitor to his Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Harpswell, ME: Anchor .

Kennedy, D.M. (2001). Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wagers, K. (2007). Beginning again then: History, progress, and American modernism. Buffalo, NY: State University of New York at Buffalo.

international community to know why so many movements have taken place. Was it the fall of the liberal pluralism theory? Is it the beginning of a new era of politics? The realism theory has been hurt badly by the recent developments of the international movements. Not only these movements have impacted international politics, they have changed the dynamics of the international relations.
Tunisian movement was the one to spark the beginning of many other revolutions. Tunisia was placed in a bleak environment of Middle East. It is a secular nation and has friendly ties with Western Europe and United States. It had an educated population and unlike many Islamic countries, women were provided their rights. Despite all of this the Ben Ali's regime was considered to be the most brutal which caused the extreme repression. The regime had blocked the freedom of expression which caused the liberals to start a…...

CHANGING U.S. OLE OF ELIGIOUS PLUALISM
changing role relig U.S.

When I volunteered in a museum, one of the exhibits that passed through was a collection of Buddhist artwork. One of the displays featured the "Bamiyan Buddhas," two ancient statues that had been recently destroyed in Afghanistan by Al Qaeda. These were the largest stone Buddhas in the world, and apparently the Taliban locals would not destroy them so extremists had to be imported (Martin, 2005, p. 76). Now Muslim fundamentalists have destroyed another 30 historic Buddhist relics, again on grounds of iconoclasm, in the island of Maldives (Bajaj, 2012, n.p.). This illustrates the changing role of religious pluralism in America today, not only as we police religious conflict in Afghanistan and abroad, but here at home protecting the irreplaceable relics of ancient religions that continue to be destroyed all around us.

Esposito (2008) reminds us of the role of religious tolerance in…...

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References

Esposito, J.L. (2008). Pluralism in Muslim-Christian relations. Occasional Papers, Prince

Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University.

Retrieved from www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/docs/Pluralism_OP_Apr08.pdf

Bajaj, V. (2012). Vandalism at Maldives museum stirs fears of extremism. Asia Pacific, New

Critically assess the extent to which deliberative democracy, neo-conservatism and/or neo-liberalism promote and/or restrict democratization for groups that are excluded and marginalized. Please refer to the debates presented in the attached readings to make your points and cite your sources.
Civil society may make up a place for democratization, owing to its ability to enable individuals to decide on living their public life and resolving common issues. Individuals who consider deliberation to be the soul of democracy ought to be drawn to a broad form of public domain. Postmodernists, who hold rather divergent views, conceptualizing democracy with regard to agonistic regard formed via identity and difference negotiations, ought to similarly be drawn to pluralism. Democrats ought to support, in general, a state complete in key elements, as appropriately organized exclusion may prove beneficial to democratization and democracy, even from excluded parties' standpoint. All historical decisions taken by governments to ensure inclusion…...

he Power Elite (1956) describes the relationship between political, military, and economic elite (people at the pinnacles of these three institutions), noting that these people share a common world view: 1) the "military metaphysic"- a military definition of reality, possess 2) "class identity"- recognizing themselves separate and superior to the rest of society, have 3) interchangeability: the move within and between the three institutional structures and hold interlocking directorates 4) cooptation/socialization: of prospective new members is done based on how well they "clone" themselves socially after such elite.

he United States represents the ideal place for the developing of the elite power. he way to understand the power of the American elite lies neither solely in recognizing the historic scale of events nor in accepting the personal awareness reported by men of apparent decision. Behind such men and behind the events of history, linking the two, are the major institutions of…...

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The Power Elite (1956) describes the relationship between political, military, and economic elite (people at the pinnacles of these three institutions), noting that these people share a common world view: 1) the "military metaphysic"- a military definition of reality, possess 2) "class identity"- recognizing themselves separate and superior to the rest of society, have 3) interchangeability: the move within and between the three institutional structures and hold interlocking directorates 4) cooptation/socialization: of prospective new members is done based on how well they "clone" themselves socially after such elite.

The United States represents the ideal place for the developing of the elite power. The way to understand the power of the American elite lies neither solely in recognizing the historic scale of events nor in accepting the personal awareness reported by men of apparent decision. Behind such men and behind the events of history, linking the two, are the major institutions of modern society. Within American society, major national power now resides in the economic, the political, and the military domains.

The Marxist power is a philosophical, social theory and a political practice based on the works of Karl Marx. Together with Friedrich Engels, he developed one of his famous works Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. One of the main theories of Marxism is inspirited by Hegel's philosophy proposed a form of idealism in which the progress of freedom is the guiding theme of human history. Another theory is that of the labour. Marx proposed a systematic correlation between labour-values and money prices. He claimed that the source of profits under capitalism is value added by workers not paid out in wages. This mechanism operated through the distinction between "labour power,"

1. The role of the church in addressing social justice issues such as racial inequality, poverty, and immigration.
2. The impact of technology on the church and religious practices.
3. The controversy surrounding LGBTQ+ rights and the church's stance on sexuality.
4. The role of women in leadership positions within the church.
5. The challenges and opportunities of outreach and evangelism in a modern, secular society.
6. The church's response to climate change and environmental stewardship.
7. The intersection of religion and politics in contemporary society.
8. The rise of the "nones" - those who identify as having no religion, and its implications for the church.
9. The....

1. The Struggle for Autonomy: The Impact of British Colonial Policies on Colonial Identity

Discuss the British policies that restricted colonial autonomy, such as the Navigation Acts and the Stamp Act.
Analyze how these policies fostered a sense of collective grievance and the desire for independence.
Examine the ways in which colonists resisted British control through boycotts, protests, and the formation of political organizations.

2. The Economic Foundations of the American Colonies: Agriculture, Trade, and Manufacturing

Describe the various agricultural practices and products that formed the backbone of the colonial economy.
Trace the development of trade networks between the colonies and....

1. The Kaleidoscope of Ideas: How Diverse Perspectives Shaped American Culture

2. Breaking Boundaries: The Impact of Varied Views on American Society

3. A Tapestry of Ideals: Exploring the Influence of Diverse Opinions in America

4. The Melting Pot Reimagined: Diverse Perspectives and their Role in American Society

5. From Discord to Harmony: Understanding the Evolution of American Society through Diverse Views

6. Embracing Differences: How a Variety of Perspectives have Altered American Society

7. The Power of Pluralism: Examining the Positive Impact of Diverse Views on American Culture

8. United in Diversity: How a Range of Views have Transformed American Society

9. Through Different Lenses: How Varied....

Key Aspects of American Culture

American culture is a vibrant and dynamic tapestry woven from a rich blend of influences that have shaped its unique identity over centuries. Here are some key aspects that distinguish it from other cultures:

1. Individualism:

American culture places a high value on individual freedom, autonomy, and self-reliance. Individuals are encouraged to pursue their own goals, express their opinions, and assert their rights. This emphasis on individualism contributes to a strong sense of personal responsibility and self-determination.

2. Egalitarianism:

Despite the presence of social stratification, American culture espouses the idea of equality for all. The Declaration of Independence famously proclaims....