Focus group discussions provide in-depth information and allows for free-flowing discussion. They can help management better understand the thoughts and sentiments of the employees during this time of economic crisis. At the same time it can be a venue for gaining new ideas on how to keep the business afloat during these hard times through ideas from the employees themselves. However, care must be taken in reading findings from focus group discussions as they are only meant to give indications and not to act as a conclusive research where a final course of action will be based upon. Another limitation of focus group discussions is the presence of a participant who dominates the discussion. The reaction of the other participants to the dominant participant might have a "halo" effect on the responses of the other participants.
An important aspect of focus group discussions is the synergy created among the participants.…...

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References

Al Awami, Hussain. (n.d.). Business Research Methods [PDF document]. Retrieved at http://cvlearn.com/Documents/Exploratory%20research%20and%20Qualitative%20analysis.pdf

Blaxter, L., Hughes, C., & Tight, M. (2006). How to Research. McGraw-Hill International.

Gladstone, B., & Volpe, T. (2008). Qualitative Secondary Analysis: Asking 'New' Questions of 'Old Data [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved at http://www.phs.utoronto.ca/qualmethod/attachmentDL/Upload/Qualitative%20Secondary%20Analysis_Gladstone_Volpe.ppt

National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2006). Bridging from Project Case Study to Portfolio Analysis in a Public R&D Program: A Framework for Evaluation ad Introduction. Retrieved January 25, 2009, at http://www.atp.nist.gov/eao/gcr06-891/part-1.htm

Pilot Study of elationships Among Pain Characteristics
Mood Disturbances, and Acculturation in a Community

Sample of Chinese-American Patients With Cancer

Edrington, J., Sun, A., Wong, C., Dodd, M., Padilla, G., Paul, S., & Miaskowski, C.

This study is a pilot study to determine how level of acculturation and mood affect the intensity and functional aspects of pain in Chinese-American cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to determine if the pain perception of Chinese-American cancer patients is consistent with some past research on other ethnic groups (particularly Hispanic and African-Americans) that find that the level of acculturation is negatively related to the patients' self-reported pain intensity and the relief from pain associated with cancer. The researchers use the definition of acculturation as the process by which immigrants take on or embrace values, beliefs, customs, norms, and the lifestyle of the mainstream culture. Thus the Americanized the group is the more pain they…...

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References

Bates, M.S., Edwards, W.T., & Anderson, K.O. (1993). Ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception. Pain, 52, 101-112.

Edrington, J., Sun, A., Wong, C., Dodd, M., Padilla, G., Paul, S., & Miaskowski, C. (2010). A pilot study of relationships among pain characteristics, mood disturbances, and acculturation in a community sample of Chinese-American patients with cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 37 (2), 172-181.

Gregory, R.J. (2011). Psychological Testing: History, Principles, and Applications (Sixth Edition). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Koyama, T., McHaffie, J.G., Laurienti, P.J., & Coghill, R.C. (2005). The subjective experience of pain: Where expectations become reality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 12950-12955.

Pilot Study', displays a detailed analysis on verbal and non-verbal communication amongst a nurse and three known schizophrenic patients, diagnosed through the DSM-IV criteria. Disturbance in the ability to understand verbal and non-verbal cues displayed by patients interrupts the nurse-client relationship. (Pounds, 2010)
Certain negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as, anhedonia, apathy, lack of motivation, sociality and poverty of thought have been refractory to drugs that are used to treat this condition. This makes effective interaction with these patients all the more necessary for the alleviation of such symptoms. The relative scarcity of research regarding this aspect of social interaction has been rather surprising. The aim of this study was to provide some insight to the relationship between verbal and nonverbal behavior of a clinical nurse specialist to the verbal and nonverbal behavior of a client. (Pounds, 2010)

This study explains several interesting components, most captivating of which was the detailed…...

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REFERENCES:

Pounds, K.E. (2010). Client-nurse interaction with individuals with schizophrenia: A descriptive pilot study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31, 770-774. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2010.518337

IB for My Pilot Study
Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Classroom Communication in Immigrant Children

IB POPOSAL

This study will compare the communication of immigrant children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in classroom with immigrant children who do not have PTSD. Immigrant children are a vulnerable population thus the focus of this research and they are often at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder from their experience in their origin Fawzi et al., 2009.

This study seeks to describe the differences in how English as a second language (ESL) immigrant with PTSD communicate compared to ESL immigrants without PTSD. The study participants who will be 3rd and 4th grade students will be interviewed in public schools in Seattle.

Potential benefits of this study include:

Understanding the communication needs of ESL immigrant students with PTSD to enable them to cope with classroom situations like other normal students;

Correlating these observed communication needs and differences with the…...

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References

Agbenyega, J. (2009). The Australian early development index, who does it measure: Piaget or Vygotsky's child? Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 34(2), 31-38.

Bengtsson-Tops, A., & Svensson, B. (2010). Mental health users' experiences of being interviewed by another user in a research project. A qualitative study. Journal Of Mental Health, 19(3), 234-242. doi: 10.3109/09638230903531084

Fawzi, M., Betancourt, T.S., Marcelin, L., Klopner, M., Munir, K., Muriel, A.C., & Mukherjee, J.S. (2009). Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Haitian immigrant students: Implications for access to mental health services and educational programming. BMC Public Health, 9482-9492. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-482

Fitzgerald, K., Henriksen, R.R., & Garza, Y. (2012). Perceptions of counselors regarding the effectiveness of interventions for traumatized children. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(1), 45-56. doi: 10.1037/a0026737

As a result, only one-third of the participants actually fulfilled their role during the course of the year (Melin & Lenner, 2009). Typically, parents failed to appear at previously arranged joint meetings with the nurses and their children; likewise, two-thirds of the subjects failed to complete all of the elements of the program as expected. Second, the fact that the subjects grew and developed physiologically during the period of the study complicated reliance on BMI as a measure of outcomes. Third, the prospect of stigmatization associated with participation proved to be a barrier to full participation. In that regard, most of the student subjects reported negative responses on the part of classmates and peers (Melin & Lenner, 2009).
esults, elevance, and Implications

Overall, those subjects who adhered to the entire program did exhibit positive results by reducing their BMI after factoring in their normal physiological growth (Melin & Lenner, 2009). In…...

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Reference

Anna Melin and Ragnhild Arvidsson Lenner. "Prevention of further weight gain in overweight school children, a pilot study." Scandinavian Journal of Caring

Sciences, Vol. 23; (2009): 498 -- 505.

A consistent class attendance is an important factor in academic success of any student. In defense to this, several studies have since quantitatively confirmed this, revealing that absenteeism negatively affects the students’ performance. This because, the students that miss classes on a given date are meaningfully more likely to give incorrect response to questions provided to them in relation to the session materials as compared to those that were present. Nevertheless, there also exist other external factors apart from absenteeism that affects the students’ performance such as, the quiz performance, academic ability and the student’s gender. Institutions should ensure that they are responsive to issues pertaining to student absenteeism. Programs can also be adopted, those that are designed to assist the student with tendency of absenteeism; community juvenile justice agencies and community based programs. The institution can also adapt to practices and policies ensuring that the students attend classes rather…...

CONCEPTUAL FAMEWOK Conceptual FrameworkThe selected study sought to identify the effect of nutritional counselling and oncological nursing care on the health outcomes of colorectal cancer patients (eiter et al., 2020). The assessed health outcomes were discharge rates, nutritional behaviour, and side effects management. The study divided participants into a control group and two subgroups of the intervention group. The control group received usual care characterized by unsystematic nutrition counselling and no nurse counselling. The first intervention group received systematic in and out patient nutritional counselling and in patient only oncology nurse counselling. The second intervention group received systematic nutritional counselling coupled with in and outpatient oncology nurse counselling. The findings showed that patients receiving in and outpatient nurse counselling as well as systematic nutritional counselling dealt better with treatment side effects, were better at following dieticians advice and were better placed to gauge food intolerance. This text discusses the conceptual…...

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References Boehmer, K. R., Dabrh, A., Gionfriddo, M. R., Erwin, P., & Montori, V. (2018). Does the chronic care model meet the needs of people living with multimorbidity: A systematic review and thematic analysis. PLoS One, 13(2). Doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0190852Collins, C. & Rochfort, A. (2016). Promoting self-management and patient empowerment in primary care. Irish College of General Practitioners Dublin, 27-35. Reiter, M., Gerken, M., Lindberg-Scharf, P., Fuerst, A., Liebig-Horl, ., Ortmann, O., Eberl, E., & Bartholomeyczik, S. (2020). Health services research in colorectal cancer: A quasi-experimental intervention pilot study on in and out patient oncology. Clinical Oncology, 147(1), 1789-1802.

The more that your questions are descriptive or explanatory the more that the case study method will be relevant;
How should I select the case to be studied?": According to Yin: "you need sufficient access to the potential data, whether involving people to be interviewed documents or records to be reviewed, or observations to be made in the 'field'. Given such access to more than a single candidate, you should choose the one(s) that best illuminate(s) your research questions. Absent such access, you should consider changing your research questions, hopefully leading to new candidates to which you do have access."

I am studying a school. What is my case: Is it the teachers? The reading program? The whole school?: Yin states: "The specific definition of your case again depends upon your research question(s). The least desirable question is to want to know "everything that happened." Your literature review should help lead…...

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Bibliography

Audet, Michael (2005) Teacher Professional Growth Plans: A Case Study of the Chilliwack School District. 21 April 2005. Online available at  http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/retrieve/2221/etd1914.pdf 

Creswell, J.W. (1998) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Lenz, Pamela A. (2005) Perceived Influence on School Effectiveness: Chapters I-III. January 2005. Online available at http://www.education.duq.edu/pdf/Talking_Paper-Lenz.pdf

Yin R.K. 1994: Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Second Edition, Sage Publications London

Sources of data

*Two literature searches were conducted in order to generate conditions of nurse satisfaction. One search centered on variables of work satisfaction described in relevant job satisfaction theories. The other search probed applicable reviews and meta-analysis for factors of job satisfaction relevant to the nurse profession.

The literature, in the first case, was plumbed for studies that provided theoretical insight into the concept of job satisfaction. Terms such as 'job satisfaction' and 'theory' were used to aid the research.

In the second case, research was conducted by using terms such as 'nursing', 'job satisfaction' and 'factors'. The resulting Meta analyses and literature reviews were thoroughly analyzed and only those relevant to the intent of the study retained. They had to, in other words, be congruent to the nursing profession and related to satisfaction that the employee gained from his or her job.

'Nurse satisfaction' as a result was, accordingly, broken down and…...

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References

Breakwell, G., Hammond, S. & Fife-Schaw, C. (2000). Research methods in psychology. USA: Sage

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EFILWC). Measuring job satisfaction in surveys - Comparative analytical report. Retrieved on 10/30/2011 from:

www.eurofound.europa.eu

Lloyd S, Streiner D, Shannon S. Predictive validity of the emergency physician and global job satisfaction instruments. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:234 -- 241.

Biopsychosocial Assessment: Student Name: Caitlyn Age: 17 Gender: Female Social-Cultural Information: Caucasian, female, Christian Grade level: high school - senior yearPresenting problem: Developmental crisis (process of growing and developing through various periods of life): had a normal childhood attending dance classes after school, getting involved in extracurricular activities with school and after that revolved around dancing, has chosen to teach dance in community school as well Disabilities: none Previous Mental Health Issues/Treatment: Stress to meet dance schedule/therapy sessions to let out and develop through stressful problems, yoga and breathing exercises Situational and environmental factors impacting the problem: pressure from mother to meet the demands of a dancer\\\'s lifeFamily History: Who is in the family? Caitlyn lives with her mother Describe family environment. The family environment is generally positive but Caitlyn\\\'s mother does put pressure on Caitlyn to meet the demands of a professional dancer and she has been doing that…...

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ReferencesDeSocio JE. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of comorbid eating disorders and mood disorders. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019. MM, Quadflieg N, Crosby RD, Koch S. Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa: Results from a large clinical longitudinal study. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50(9):1018–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22736.Galmiche M, Déchelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(5): 140–13. Oxford, United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2263 .Murray SB. Updates in the treatment of eating disorders in 2018: A year in review in eating disorders: The journal of treatment & prevention. Eating Disorders. 2019;27(1):6–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2019. 1567155.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Eating disorders: Recognition and treatment. NICE (2017).Savidaki, M., Demirtoka, S. and Rodríguez-Jiménez, R. Re-inhabiting one’s body: A pilot study on the effects of dance movement therapy on body image and alexithymia in eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders, (2020) 8:22.https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12355.Fichter

Timmons (1994) in his study presents a three-dimensional model of practical application of a good idea:
Comprehensive evaluation of the opportunity;

Comprehensive evaluation of one's own expertise and inclination; and Comprehensive evaluation of the resources gathering process to maintain the launch of business venture.

Long and McMullan (1984) propose that application of a good idea depends on two processes; namely, elaboration and evaluation. Singh (1998) found that those entrepreneurs who spend more time studying the pros and cons of an idea before embarking on its application tend to set up fewer businesses than those who spend less time in the elaboration and evaluation phase. However, Singh (1998) points out that higher majority of successful entrepreneurs are those who spend more time in elaboration and evaluation.

1.4 Traits of entrepreneurs

Wright et al. (1997a) studied motivational drivers of entrepreneurs and found that entrepreneurs are primarily driven by either one or both factors. They divided entrepreneurs…...

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References

Adler, P. & Kwon, S. (2000). Social capital: The good, the bad and the ugly. In E. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and social capital: Foundations and applications (pp. 80-115). Boston: Butterworth-Heineman.

Aldrich, H. & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton and R. Smilor (Eds), the art and science of entrepreneurship (pp. 3-23). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Aldrich, H., Rosen, B., and Woodward, W. (1987) "The impact of social networks on business foundings and profit: a longitudinal study," in Churchill, N.C., Hornaday, J.A., Kirchoff, B.A. et al. (eds) Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Welles-ley, MA: Babson College.

Amabile, T.M. (1988) "A model of creativity and innovation in organizations," in Staw, B. And Cummings, L.L. (eds) Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Exercising
This study looked at whether low-level exercise, performed while sitting, might help ease the fatigue experienced by many women who were being treated with chemotherapy for advanced-stage cancer.

This study was intriguing because fatigue can be a long-lasting consequence of cancer and its treatment, sometimes persisting for years after treatments have been ended. Other studies have demonstrated that exercise can be beneficial for patients with fatigue, but it seems likely that those who already feel fatigued from cancer or its treatments might have difficulty embarking on exercise programs without having the burden of being sick with cancer.

The authors made an interesting connection between low-level exercises used with elderly patients who cannot participate in more vigorous programs, realizing that any level of movement seems to benefit people. They were also insightful and compassionate in their understanding that the patients they worked with might not be up to the types of exercise recommended…...

Schizophrenia is considered to be one of the most sever psychiatric disorders. The incidence of the condition each year is approximately 15 in every 100,000 people, and the lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia is 0.7% (Tandon et al., 2008). Family history and genetics have been identified as contributing to the development of schizophrenia in 80% of cases (Tandon et al., 2008). Some environmental factors associated with increased likelihood of the development of schizophrenia include prenatal malnutrition or infection, use of cannabis, birth complications, and winter birth (Tandon et al., 2008). However, the mechanisms by which genetic and genetic-environmental factors interact to cause the onset of schizophrenia are not well understood. It is important that effective treatments be developed to help individuals cope with this serious and debilitating psychiatric disorder. What types of therapies outside of pharmaceuticals have been found to be successful in the treatment of schizophrenia? Is any type…...

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References

Eack, S.M., Hogarty, G.E., Cho, R.Y., Prasad, K.M., Greenwald, D.P., Hogarty, S.S., Keshavan, M.S. (2010). Neuroprotective effects of cognitive enhancement therapy against gray matter loss in early schizophrenia: results from a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(7), 674-82.

Gorczynski, P., Faulkner, G. (2010). Exercise therapy for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12(5), CD004412.

Laan, W., Grobbee, D.E., Selten, J.P., Heijnen, C.J., Kahn, R.S., Burger, H. (2010). Adjuvent aspirin therapy reduces symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(5), 520-7.

Tandon, R., Keshavon, M.S., Nasrallah, H.A. (2008). Schizophrenia, "just the facts" what we know in 2008. Schizophrenia Research, 102(1-3), 1-18.

assist students with literacy difficulties. The studies all used the academic classroom as the center of education and tested different learning methods.
Factors that influence the book selection process of students with special needs" is a study to learn how students with special needs react to choosing their own reading material. The results show that these children use a similar process as that of other students. The students with special needs do use more factors then typical children but it is clear that they want to read the same stories as typical children.

Many studies have concluded that choice is a necessary motivator to children and has a positive impact on their education. The most natural forum for self-selection is learning to read. Every child has different interests, unique needs and backgrounds and therefore tends to choose different books to read. There are different factors that affect children's book selection. These…...

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Bibliography

Factors That Influence The Book Selection Process of Students With Special Needs" by Swartz and Hendricks.

Journal of Adolescents Adult Literacy 43:7 April 2000 pages 608-617

Writing Instruction For Struggling Adolescent Readers: A Gradual Release Model" by Fisher and Frey.

Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 46:5 February 2003 pages 396-404

Dorrepaal, Thomaes, Smit, van Balkom, et al. (2010) address the topic of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Complex PTSD) which often occurs following a history of child abuse. Complex PTSD has associated features in addition to the normal symptoms of PTSD that make it much more difficult to treat. As social workers will most likely encounter clients/patients suffering from PTSD symptoms and patients suffering from child abuse this topic is relevant to social work practice.
The researchers are primarily interested in knowing if stabilizing treatment normally used for PTSD and other psychiatric disorders is effective for patients with Complex PTSD, particularly women with PTSD and childhood sexual abuse. The research question is evaluative.

Literature eview

As this study is in the brief communications section does not contain an in depth literature review. The literature review in this study simply describes the features associated with Complex PTSD and presents the questions of the researchers and…...

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References

Dorrepaal, E., Thomaes, K., Smit, J.H., van Balkom, A.J., van Dyck, R., Veltman, D.J., & Draijer, N. (2010). Stabilizing group treatment for complex posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse based on psycho-education and cognitive behavioral therapy: A pilot study. Child abuse & neglect, 34(4), 284-288.

Runyon, R.P., Coleman, K.A., & Pittenger, D.J. (2000). Fundamentals of behavioral statistics

(9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). New York:

1. The effectiveness of body-worn cameras on police officers in reducing use of force incidents
2. The impact of race and ethnicity on sentencing outcomes in the criminal justice system
3. The prevalence of wrongful convictions and the factors contributing to them
4. The relationship between mental health and incarceration rates
5. The role of technology in criminal investigations and solving cold cases
6. The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates
7. The implementation of restorative justice practices in the criminal justice system
8. The use of facial recognition technology in identifying and apprehending suspects
9. The impact of drug legalization on crime rates
10. The relationship....

1. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices

Explore the implementation and outcomes of restorative justice programs in reducing recidivism, fostering victim-offender reconciliation, and promoting community healing.

2. The Impact of Implicit Bias on Sentencing Disparities

Investigate the role of unconscious biases in sentencing decisions, examining the extent to which race, gender, or other factors influence the severity of punishments.

3. The Role of Community Policing in Reducing Crime and Building Trust

Analyze the effectiveness of community policing strategies in fostering trust between law enforcement and the communities they serve, and its impact on crime prevention and community well-being.

4. The Use of....

Findings on the Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients

Inflammation is a complex biological process that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various chronic diseases, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis patients are particularly susceptible to chronic inflammation due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and impaired immune function.

Dietary patterns have been implicated in the regulation of systemic inflammation, and several studies have investigated the association between specific dietary patterns and inflammation in hemodialysis patients.

Observational Studies

Observational studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between pro-inflammatory dietary patterns and elevated inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients.....

Crafting a Compelling Research Question: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction: The Cornerstone of Research

A research question serves as the driving force behind any scientific investigation. It delineates the specific objective, guides the research process, and ultimately shapes the findings. Crafting a well-formulated research question is not merely a matter of forming a query; it requires a thoughtful consideration of the research area, its existing knowledge base, and the potential implications of the study. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the process involved in writing a compelling research question, encompassing:

1. Defining the Research Area and Context

The first step in writing a....