The metaphysical constructivists who are successful hardly take the truth of a substantive normative claim for granted.
Transcendence

In his phenomenological descriptions, Levinas used various accounts of transcendence to refer to the tradition and divergence of phenomenology in relation to Heidegger. His transcendences enacted the irreducible urge by oneself to get past the limitations of their social and physical states or conditions. Transcendence of the Other as described by Levinas is the state beyond materialism and within finite being. Through this, Levinas established the limits of phenomenology from within its boundaries. Totality and Infinity, therefore, transcends to "ethical optics," which seek to fulfill and surpass phenomenology metaphysically, reaching out to the Other. In his explanations, Levinas develops his philosophical beginnings of phenomenology through the inflections of transcendence as the need for escapism, variations on eing, responsibility and beyond and Other-in-the-same. Rational ideologies from these aspects depict human experience conjoined to intentionality.

Need…...

mla

Bibliography

Bergo Bettina, "Emmanuel Levinas," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2011): URL Accessed on 24th November, 2012.

Bergo Bettina, "Emmanuel Levinas," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2011): URL   Accessed on 24th November 2012.http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/levinas/#InfTraVarBei 

Carla Bagnoli, "Constructivism in Metaethics." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2011): URL Accessed on 23rd November.

Dalton Drew, the Vaccination of the Infinite: Levinas Metaphysical Desire and the Call of the Other, New York: print, 2011.

Ethnography, case study, narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory
Ethnography

The qualitative research format of the ethnography began in the discipline of anthropology. Ethnography "is a long-term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion and, optimally, participation in that group" (Ethnography, 2013, Colorado State University Writing Guides.). The researcher embraces his or her outsider perspective and contrasts his or her own responses to participating in group rituals and actions with the reactions of the 'inside' representatives of a different culture. The potential subjects of ethnography may span from an obscure African tribe to a group of high school football players. One of the most famous ethnographies ever written was Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa, although ethnographies are often criticized if they provide insufficient depth about the culture being studied and promote rather than prevent misunderstanding.

One example of ethnography might be a study of adolescents growing up…...

mla

References

Ethnography. (2013). Colorado State University Writing Guides. Retrieved:

 http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?pageid=1345 

Grounded theory. (2013). Colorado State University Writing Guides. Retrieved:

 http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?pageid=1349

Intellectually my mind was saying: how could this happen in an open and public place with dozens of people walking in the area? There was also a sense of moral anger at the way that social rules and norms were being so openly being flouted. This feeling was strong and related to the physical sense of disgust and distress that I felt at the situation.
Reciprocity

The above aspects, the physical, mental and emotional, were certainly intertwined in this experience. It is difficult to say which was more dominant; however, the physical and the bodily sensations where central and seemed to inform the intellectual and social aspects.

hat is clear for the experience is that the physical and bodily aspects and feelings were a cardinal factor in the understanding or the comprehension of the situation as a whole.

4. Analysis

The experience recounted above shows the validity and the importance of the views of…...

mla

Works Cited

Liu, Xiusheng. Mencius, Hume, and Sensibility Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Jan., 2002), pp. 75-97

Social Theory in the View of Phenomenology: Alfred Schutz
ho was Alfred Schutz, and why was his work on social theory and phenomenology so important? This is an important question that must be answered here, and will be answered, but there are other issues that must be examined as well. It is important to have an understanding of social theory and an understanding of phenomenology before Schutz is discussed too thoroughly, or what kind of contribution he made will not be as evident. Since he is no longer living, what he has done can only be discussed in the context of the past, up until the year he died, which was 1959. However, many of the works that bear his name and involve him very strongly were published after that time. This would indicate that those that published these works found that they were still very relevant.

This is similar to…...

mla

Works Cited

Barber, M. 2002. Alfred Schutz. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. .edu/entries/schutzhttp://www.plato.stanford

Brandom, R. 1994. Making it eplicit. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Embree, L. 1997. What is Phenomenology? Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology. http://www.phenomenologycenter.org/phenom.htm

Embree, L. 1999. The ethical-political side of Schutz: his contributions at the 1956 institute on ethics concerned with barriers to equality of opportunity. In Schutzian Social Science, ed. L. Embree.

Grounded theory and phenomenology
Phenomenology and Grounded theory are the most widely recognized methodologies to qualitative research utilized by medical practitioners. Despite the fact that there are distinctions between the two, they have share much in common.

Both assume an interpretivist strategy in which the researcher tries to investigate genuine scenarios, and require a high level of face-to-face interaction between the researcher and the group or individual being analyzed. This is manifested in form of observations or interviews. Phenomenology and Grounded theory aim to gather and investigate information from participants' viewpoints and attempt to guarantee their feelings are not affected by preconceived ideas. For them to realize this, they include participants in data analysis to expand the validity of the findings frequently. In short, Phenomenology and Grounded theory both look to investigate people's encounters in the setting of the world in which they live (Cassell & Symon, 2009).

Since both methodologies have…...

mla

References

Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2014). Introduction to nursing research: Incorporating evidence-based practice. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Cassell, C., & Symon, G. (2009). Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research. London: SAGE Publ

Tesch, R. (2010). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. New York: Falmer Press

grounded theory and phenomenology differ in how the data is treated (Creswell, Hanson, Plano, and Morales, 2007, p. 248-255). While both collect information from a large number of participants, grounded theory results in the development of a theoretical model based on the data. This model is then tested for its ability to predict a specific outcome. By comparison, researchers using a phenomenological approach try to identify common experiences among the study subjects.
An example of a grounded theory approach would be researchers examining how therapists use cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating victims of trauma. One or more outcome measures would typically be identified, such as patient quality of life improvements. The goal would be identifying common factors that increase the efficacy of treatment, thereby validating the model. By comparison, a phenomenological study design would collect the experiences of therapists and patients in order to identify the essence of a successful treatment…...

mla

References

Carr, Catherine, d'Ardenne, Patricia, Sloboda, Ann, Scott, Carleen, Wang, Duolao, and Priebe, Stefan. (2012). Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85, 179-202.

Creswell, John W., Hanson, William E., Plano, Vicki L. Clark, and Morales, Alejandro. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. Counseling Psychologist, 35, 236-266.

Questions and answers coding also enhances the ability of the researcher to debrief the interview process effectively and efficiently thus the opportunity to facilitate data collection process (Compton, 2009).
Categories

There are several categories in the execution of interviews in the process of collecting data. This interview falls under the category of individual interview. This is because of its nature and coding method thus a reflection of face-to-face encounter between the interviewer and the interviewee. The interviewer in this category focuses on the achievement of in-depth information in relation to the research questions and objectives. The researcher also focuses on the description of the experience of the participant with reference to the military encounter thus the opportunity to understand the developments and interactions within the military context. This category of interview is vital for the enhancement of understanding of the relevant events and concepts in relation to the research questions (Hamilton,…...

mla

References

Pringle, J., Drummond, J., McLafferty, E., & Hendry, C. (2011). Interpretative

phenomenological analysis: a discussion and critique. Nurse Researcher, 18(3), 20-24.

Pringle, J., Hendry, C., & McLafferty, E. (2011). Phenomenological approaches: challenges and choices. Nurse Researcher, 18(2), 7-18.

Clifton, J. (2012). Conversation Analysis in Dialogue With Stocks of Interactional Knowledge:

Philosophical Overview and Underpinnings
The way we think about a phenomenon has greatly and definitely been influenced by phenomenology which is a school of philosophy with wide spread recognition. Phenomenology which has its origins in European disciplines remains one of the most debated and most sought after interesting debates of this century. It has received immense worldwide recognition and it has application in nearly all subjects such as science and technology, medical science and education in general. Due to the philosophical and methodological strengths it enjoys, it has remained relatively free from fierce criticisms, unlike other research designs that employ the qualitative approach. It is an all-encompassing term that covers all areas in a wide range of research approaches and philosophical movements (Kafle, 2013).

Initiated by Husserl (1859-1838), the phenomenological movement is a new and radical way of approaching philosophy. Theorists who came later such as Heidegger (1889-1976) remodeled the extrapolation of…...

mla

References

Caelli, K., (2000). The changing face of phenomenological research: traditional and American

Crotty, M., (1996). Phenomenology and Nursing Research. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.

Dowling, M. (2007).From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches. International journal of nursing studies, 44(1), 131-142.

Englander, M. & Robinson, P. (2009). A phenomenological pedagogical method for educating nurses and caregivers how to increase their own sensitivity to their empathic abilities. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research & Clinical Studies, 4/2009, No. 94, Vol. 29, 38 -- 40.

equal amount of studies are conducted using qualitative methodologies. Each of the approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Quantitative research involves a numerical approach with quantitative data abounding. Qualitative research involves an approach that calls for a more thought or ideal process focusing on the participant's perceptions, ideals and feelings. Phenomenology certainly falls into the qualitative approach to research. As one recent study determined "phenomenology is a qualitative method of inquiry in which researchers attempt to discover the meaning of lived experiences by human beings as they exist in the world" (Chamberlain, 2009, p. 52).

In conducting an interview like the one for this paper, the author used a phenomenological approach and was rewarded accordingly, and it did lead to some reflective questions. One of the first questions that popped to mind was "how did this woman feel once she had gone through such an experience?" It seems that phenomenological…...

mla

Works Cited

Chamberlain, B.; (2009) Phenomenology: A qualitative method, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Vol. 23, Number 2, pp. 52-53

Gee, J.; Loewenthal, D.; Cayne, J.; (2013) Phenomenological research: The case of empirical phenomenological analysis and the possibility of reverie, Counseling Psychology Review, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 52-62

Moody, S.; Kostohryz, K.; Vereen, L.; (2014) Authentically engaged learning through live supervision: A phenomenological study, Counselor Education and Supervision, Vol. 53, Issue 1, pp. 19-33

Rocha, P.H.; (2012) Rigour in phenomenological research: Reflections of a novice nurse researcher, Nurse Researcher, Vol. 19, issue 3, pp. 16-19

pirit" that explains paragraphs 484 to 490. Your aim should be to identify the philosophical question or problem that the section under question raises, explain it, and address its significance to the broader portion of the text in which it appears, to the text as a whole, or to other themes raised in the course.
There are two parts to the individual will (or to free will):

these are the duties that are universal where free will is joined to reason and certain necessities are imposed that are applied not only to self but also to self-effecting others. In a larger sense, it refers to all the conditions of existence, the 'ought to' standards that are imposed on the self

Usage - This is seen in the realm of 'Manners' where the self-will adopts aspects that Hegel calls 'temper and habit' (486)

Liberty comes from the purposive will realizing its intention and from…...

mla

Source

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Hegel's Philosophy of Mind The Project Gutenberg EBook, March 5, 2012 [Ebook #39064]

 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39064/39064-h/39064-h.html

Assignment 1 Phenomenological psychology focuses on the subjective experiences of individuals. The “founder” of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl presented a cohesive methodology and philosophical framework that laid the foundation for phenomenological psychology. One of the greatest challenges of phenomenological psychology is differentiating between the unique subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals and the need to discern an objective, shared reality. Phenomenological psychology is almost easier to define by what it is not: it is not about using the scientific method to study human behavior, and it is not about studying personality or psychoses. Rather, phenomenological psychology is about understanding the nature of reality itself, through an evaluation of both individual and collective human psychological experience. Husserl set forth principles for ontology in psychology as well as epistemology, which can be especially useful when studying the divergent experiences of those with psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, whose sense of reality is radically different from…...

Husserl and Heidegger’s Phenomenology
Phenomenology refers both to philosophical framework and to epistemological orientation. As epistemology, phenomenology has had major implications for the social sciences, providing the fundamental tenets and methods for qualitative research. Originator of the phenomenological approach, Husserl proposed that human consciousness undergirds experience, but that both must be transcended, acknowledged, and set aside in order to reach the truth of any given phenomenon. Husserl therefore favored the use of descriptive methods, which aim for objectivity as much as possible. Husserl’s student Martin Heidegger rejected the notion that it was even possible at all to ascertain some objective understanding (Reiners, 2012). Instead, Heidegger celebrated what individual ascriptions of meaning had to offer when interpreting phenomena. Whereas Husserl’s epistemology is concerned with how and why people feel, think, or believe what they do, Heidegger’s ontological and hermeneutical methods are more concerned with discerning the nature of consciousness itself and the…...

Hermeneutics
Phenomenology and Hermeneutics

Aside from positivism or quantitative research paradigm, two other paradigms are considered essential in the conduct of research or simply, knowing and understanding a particular event or phenomenon using a particular 'lens'or paradigm / perspective. These two (2) paradigms are qualitative in nature, namely the interpretive and critical paradigms. Critical paradigm is closely associated with the Marxist, feminist, and psychoanalytic schools of thought, while interpretive or symbolic interactionism paradigm is linked with hermeneutics and phenomenology. The focus of the discussions that follow will be on this second paradigm, interpretive paradigm, particularly exploring the hermeneutic and phenomenological schools of thought (Fossey, 2002, p. 719).

In order to understand these schools of thought, it is important to also understand the tradition from which these ideas emerged. Under the interpretive paradigm, truth is considered subjective and variable. In truth-seeking, the researcher recognizes that there are many "truths," and these "truths" are…...

mla

References

Fossey, E., C. Harvey, F. McDermott, and L. Davidson. (2002). "Understanding and evaluating qualitative research." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 36.

Laverty, S. (2003). "Hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology: a comparison of historical and methodological considerations." International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Vol. 2(3).

This object, though, sets in human consciousness in many divergent ways -- perception, memory, retention, etc. Depending on the manner in which the idea is intentional, the object may be identical but interpreted different and thus a divergent sense of reality for individuals. Opposite of Descartes and Kant, there is no one finite way of describing this object and it is entirely dependent upon the method of reduction and interpretation in which we find meaning. hen we reference a thing, this object, then, we are closer to representing a Platonian version of forms or ideas in that thing -- the thing's essence or idea. Some say that when we describe an identical thing as what we really "see" or measure, it does not mean that this is the entirety of the thing. The ultimate goal of phenomenology, then, is to understand how these different aspects are merged into the…...

mla

WORKS CITED

Phenomenology. (2008). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved from:  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/ 

Annas, J. (2003). Plato: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.

Audi, R., ed. (1999). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Cooper, C. (January 12, 2008). Remarks on Simone Weil's Mysticism. Retrieved from:

Imagining architecture as the structure upon which meaning grows and contributes to the phenomenon of a place is particularly helpful when investigating Holl's Linked Hybrid, because the design expresses a desire to meld the objective, concrete of the building itself to the experience of the residents living and moving within.
Construction on Linked Hybrid began in 2003 and completed in 2009, when Holl's design won the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's award for Best Tall Building (CTBUH 2009). Part of a slew of new developments born out of Beijing's revitalization as a result of its hosting of the 2008 Olympic games, Linked Hybrid is a mixed-use development consisting of "a ring of eight 21-story towers, linked at the 20th floor by gentling sloping public sky bridges, lined with galleries, cafes, restaurants, bars and shops" (Busari 2008). Each tower is rectangular, with some towers being additionally linked at the…...

mla

References

Busari, Stephanie. CNN, "Beijing embraces Brave New World of buildings." Last modified June

24, 2008. Accessed November 6, 2011.

 http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/06/18/beijing.hybrid/index.html .

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "2009 Awards." Last modified October 2009.

1. The Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia: Exploring the Complexities of Brain Abnormalities

- Investigate the structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, including alterations in neurotransmitter systems, connectivity, and neural circuitry.
- Discuss the role of genetic and environmental factors in shaping these brain abnormalities and their contribution to the development of schizophrenia.
- Explore the potential links between neuroinflammation, immune dysfunction, and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

2. Hallucinations and Delusions: Unraveling the Subjective Experiences in Schizophrenia

- Analyze the phenomenology of hallucinations and delusions, examining their characteristic features, content, and impact on the individual's subjective reality.
- Explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these psychotic....

Complex and Thought-Provoking Essay Topics on Research Questions About Life After Death

Topic 1: The Nature and Evidence of Near-Death Experiences

What is the phenomenology of near-death experiences (NDEs)?
Are NDEs veridical experiences of an afterlife?
How can we scientifically investigate and evaluate the authenticity of NDEs?

Topic 2: The Role of Consciousness in Postmortem Survival

Can consciousness exist independently of the physical brain?
What is the nature of consciousness after death?
Are there non-physical realms or dimensions where consciousness continues to reside?

Topic 3: Reincarnation and the Cycle of Rebirth

Is reincarnation a valid concept?
What are the empirical or experiential evidences....

1. Grounded Theory

Grounded theory is an inductive approach to research that seeks to develop a theory from data rather than testing an existing theory. It is often used to study new or complex phenomena. Grounded theory research typically involves:

Collecting data through interviews, observations, or documents
Analyzing the data to identify patterns and themes
Generating a theory that explains the patterns and themes

Distinguishing characteristics of grounded theory:

Inductive approach to research
Focus on developing a theory from data
Iterative process of data collection and analysis
Emphasis on patterns and themes

2. Phenomenology

Phenomenology is a qualitative research method that seeks to understand....

Researchers can differentiate between phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic approaches in qualitative research based on several key factors:

1. Philosophical orientation: Phenomenology focuses on exploring individuals' lived experiences and perceptions, grounded theory aims to develop a theory grounded in the data collected, and ethnography seeks to understand the cultural context in which participants' behaviors and beliefs occur.

2. Research design: Phenomenological research typically involves in-depth interviews or observations to uncover the essence of participants' experiences, grounded theory emphasizes data collection and analysis to develop a theory, and ethnography involves prolonged immersion in the field to observe and document cultural practices.

3. Data analysis:....