As a result, this protection was removed to increase the supply and ensure that the public has access to affordable drugs. ("Pharmaceutical Companies," n.d., pp. 97-99)
Some of the negative implications of this decision are that there could be large amounts of generic drugs produced. This is because the various protections were removed to the point, that a number of players could begin manufacturing the medication. Over the course of time, this could destroy any kind of financial incentive in these areas. Once this occurs, it means that any kind of profit motives for these firms to sell drugs in these areas will decrease. This is when the available supply could decline, because there is too much competition. ("Pharmaceutical Companies," n.d., pp. 97-99)
At the same time, the quality of products could be inferior. This is because many firms will have select procedures in place to ensure that everyone is receiving…...
mlaBibliography
Global Report. (2009). UNAIDS. Retrieved from: http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdf
Pharmaceutical Companies. (n.d.)., 94 -- 103.
Hunter, S. (2003). Black Death. New York, NY: McMillian
Poku, N. (2005). AIDS in Africa. Cambridge: Poulty.
Paxil, Claritin vs. Allegra, etcetera.
However, all of that being allowed -- even if it did not add prohibitive costs, the packaging and marketing of drugs to consumers is absurd. A patient used to go to a doctor and ask for a doctor's expertise and advice in how to treat an ailment he or she was suffering. Now, patients see drugs advertised like cosmetics, and are encouraged to self-diagnose themselves as having a certain conditions, or to think that their condition is worse than it is, like a case of insomnia that might be better treated with less coffee during the day than a pill at night. Doctors are beset by patients demanding drugs, and drug reps pushing drugs, so is it any wonder than Americans are overmedicated, given that neither patients nor doctors are immune to advertising? The sad thing is that drugs cannot be ethically marketed like other…...
Pharmaceutical Companies and Physicians: A Discussion The power of pharmaceutical companies cannot and should not be underestimated in any manner. Their power is immense as is their influence and more consumers need to understand how they constantly shape the industries of health, medicine and wellness. However, it’s important to acknowledge the intensity of the connection between doctors and pharmaceutical companies. This is a connection that begins when doctors are in medical school—they are subjected to a barrage of gifts, meals, trinkets and drug samples that starts early and continues on throughout their professional careers (Kshirsagar &Vu, 2016). Clearly this rapport creates a conflict of interest that can be damaging to the healthcare system. In order to protect themselves, consumers and citizens everywhere should demand a greater level of transparency in regards to how doctors are being compensated among other things. This paper will discuss in depth the necessity for a higher level…...
Management
Case Analysis: Pharma, Intellectual Property
Prior to 2003, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry heavily restricted intellectual property rights that would allow African countries and others ravaged by AIDS to receive generic medicine
There are a great deal of shocking statistics regarding the global populations living with and dying from AIDS, particularly in the age group of 15 -- 19
Health is a factors that is considered relative to a country's wealth; in Africa, a continent that is rich in natural resources, yet those resources are not controlled by the indigenous peoples, the number of people with AIDS is yet another way that Africa's extreme poverty demonstrates itself
Most of the people in the world who died from AIDS annually, are those from the southern parts of Africa
Pharmaceutical treatments are not cheap or instantaneous; the industry booms and will continue to do so for years to come because of the nature of the treatments and economies
Intellectual…...
mlaReferences:
Shah, Anup. "Pharmaceutical Companies and AIDS." Global Issues: Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All, Web, Available from: 2013 February 18.http://www.globalissues.org/article/53/pharmaceutical-corporations-and-aids .
UNAIDS. "2002 Report on the Global HIV / AIDS Epidemic." Provided.
Q1. Which factors have contributed most to the increase in drug expenditure?
One notable healthcare trend in recent years has been the steady climb in drug expenditures. Improvements in technology and the aging of the population are two commonly-cited factors, as the population is living longer, has a higher rate of chronic health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, and suffers multiple comorbid health conditions, pharmaceutical companies have risen to the challenge (and profited tremendously) from these concurrent developments. According to La Fleur, Fish, & Brixner (2008), during the years 1996-2000, “the average number of prescriptions per person also rose—from 7.3 to 10.4.1” (par. 5). But this alone cannot explain the increase, and there was also a significant increase (14%) in the amount of money pharmaceutical companies spent advertising to consumers, particularly older consumers (La Fleur, et al., 2008).
Prices for drugs have themselves increased, much more so in recent decades…...
mlaReferences
La Fleur, J., Fish, L, & Brixner, D. I. (2008). Trends in pharmaceutical expenditures: The impact on drug benefit design. American Health & Drug Benefits, 1(4), 29–34. Retrieved from: Why are prescription drug prices rising and how to they affect the US fiscal outlook? (2019). Peter G. Peterson Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/11/why - are-prescription-drug-prices-rising-and-how-do-they-affect-the-us-fiscal-outlookhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106630/
(Drug Creation Process: Learn and Confirm, a new Paradigm for Clinical Development at Wyeth)
Pharmaceuticals - a knowledge driven industry:
Pharmaceuticals happen to be one of the most extremely 'Knowledge Driven' industries that is always in a state of change. Human, animal, and environmental health remains the topmost interest of the society. Diversities in life form and infections render grave challenges to the formulation of particular and targeted solutions. Drug discovery is an elaborate process needing almost a decade at a cost of 300 million U.S. dollars to get a new drug to the market. Hence the long waiting period in between 'learning', knowledge generation' and its changeover to 'value added knowledge' requires the building of Proprietary Knowledge' that is of immense value in setting up and maintaining a worldwide creative gesture. One of our major competitors Merck and Co holds expertise in medicinal preparations & chemistry of N-Heterocyclics liquid crystalline…...
mlaReferences
Drug Creation Process: Learn and Confirm, a new Paradigm for Clinical Development at Wyeth. 2007. Retrieved 14 October, 2007 at http://www.wyeth.com/research/drugprocess
Ganguli, Prabuddha. Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Intellectual Wealth and Asset
Protection. Retrieved 14 October, 2007 at http://www.sristi.org/mdpipr2005/other_readings/or%2026.doc
Global Pharmaceutical Contract Manufacturing Markets. Retrieved 14 October, 2007 at http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=A918-01-00-00-00
Jurox is a small pharmaceutical company specialising in niche markets that relies primarily on focused research to create new products to fill certain niche markets.
Jurox began to experience problems with the many projects underway not achieving significant results as well as operating inefficiently and at high cost. While the company does not expect the majority of research to result in feasible products, it does expect this research to be carried out efficiently so that new projects can begin in different areas.
The company analysed the problem and decided that the organisational structure was the source of the problem. The organisational structure was a flat structure organised by function, with separate departments handling each stage of the project and then passing it on to the next department. The original process was for accounting to determine the financial feasibility, marketing to assess the marketing potential, research and development to create the product, marketing…...
Consultant Cover Letter
CEO, Capellon Pharmaceuticals
This memo serves as an introduction to my consulting services and a briefing of the work I have just completed for Capellon. I met with Alexi Parsons two weeks earlier to outline a plan for my consultation and to set this day as the target for completion of my research. Below, I describe my perspective of the challenges Capellon faces, my research findings, and my recommendations to you and the board of directors.
Challenges. Productivity and morale have decreased company-wide. Resources have been heavily allocated to the marketing department, but year-over-year sales fell markedly.
Staff resisted required changes in policies and interactions have been sophomoric. Consequently, turnover had reached unacceptable levels that threaten to mare the company's reputation in the industry. The marketing manager does not have leeway to function effectively and is chronically micromanaged by superiors who do not understand the operations of the business unit. Upper…...
New communication technologies require stricter scrutiny, as well. The threat of reprisal is the most effective measure against intellectual property right infringements, and for this reason one of the most essential actions that can be taken in this regard -- and frequently is -- is the filing of civil and criminal charges against companies that infringe upon these rights in an aggressive and uncompromising manner (Long 2000). This not only limits damages, but dissuades future infringement.
Protecting Other Firms
efraining from infringing on another company's tangible and intellectual property rights might be seem to be a simple task, but it does require that certain actions are taken by pharmaceutical company managers. First and foremost, knowledge of the property right laws in effect must be obtained and thoroughly understood in order to refrain from infringing upon them. With this knowledge in place, managers can ensure that any similarities that develop between their…...
mlaReferences
Ghauri, P. & Rao, P. (2008). "Intellectual property, pharmaceutical MNEs and the developing world." Accessed 17 January 2010. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W5M-4SY6YJR-3&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1171065541&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e667e8f8848aae7fd6fe1c222ed046d6
GTN. (2004). "Intellectual property summary." Accessed 17 January 2010. http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidtrade/issues/ipr.html
Kaufman, J. (2008). "Intellectual Property Rights and the Pharmaceutical Industry." Accessed 17 January 2010. http://www.america.gov/st/econ-english/2008/April/20080429230451myleen0.4181027.html
Long, C. (2000). "Intellectual property rights in emerging markets." Accessed 17 January 2010. http://www.scribd.com/doc/2011460/Intellectual-Property-Rights-in-Emerging-Markets
38 per share on the company's common stock for the first quarter of 2005. The dividend is payable January 3, 2005 to stockholders of records at the close of business on December 3, 2004. Growth in the ZETIA and VYTORIN franchises are expected to continue. T
There are currently several candidates in Phase III that Merck plans to file in 2005 as well as Type 2 diabetes treatment and three vaccines. The fourth-quarter 2004 EPS anticipation is stated to be $0.48 to $0.53, which includes the impact of approximately "$700 to $750 million foregone sales of VIOXX. The result is anticipation by Merck for EPS guidance (2004 full-year) of $2.59 to $2.64. These amounts include withdrawal impact and next years negative affects of the DPS by $0.50 to $0.55."
Merck & Co., Inc. announced in a recent report that they had made submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PROQUAD,…...
mlaBibliography:
"Merck Board Appoints Special Committee to Review VIOXX Withdrawal" 2004 Dec 2 Whitehouse Stations, N.J. [Online] available at: room/press_releases/corporate/2004_1207.htmlhttp://www.merck.com/news
The global pharmaceutical market in 2000 - North America sets the pace (nd) [Online] available at: / news_ story _010 314.htmhttp://www.ims-global.com/insight/news_story/0103
Merck Announces Voluntary Worldwide Withdrawal of Vioxx 2004 Sep 30 [Online] available at: http://www.vioxx.com/rofecoxib/vioxx/hcp/hcp_notification_physicians.jsp
Paraphrased
There are two constant irritations in U.S. pharma companies' relationships internationally:
Some developing nations, such as India, razil and South Africa, are chipping away at the patent situation, trying to shorten the time until the drugs can be brought out in generic form.
The U.S. has supported high prices as the cost for innovation. Since other countries are not playing along, this means that their citizens are benefiting from the innovation paid by Americans.
Conclusion
ig Pharma is at a crossroads today. The previous "great" chronic diseases, like diabetes, heart disease, infectious disease (viral and bacterial) have now been tackled by "blockbuster" drugs.
The high regulatory pressures, price pressures and lack of future such blockbuster markets dictates that pharma companies will have to innovate a lot more in niches -- more products, smaller markets. The large pharma companies which grew up in a time of plenty will therefore have to radically change how they do…...
mlaBibliography
Bureau, U.S. Census. (2001). An Aging World. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
Economist. (2007, October 25). The Pharmaceutical Industry: Beyond the Pill. Economist, p. n.p.
Economist. (2007). World Atlas. London: Economist.
Herper, M. (2007, October 29). Drug Drought. Forbes, p. n.p.
pharmaceuticals in ussia. The writer provides an overview of the history of the topic as well as the current concerns in the field. There were five sources used to complete this paper.
When the Soviet Union dismantled its communist regime and began to rebuild its entire political and economic structure the world cheered and offered its support. It has been more than a decade and while several areas have been enjoying marked success the pharmaceutical field has been fraught with problems. The pharmaceutical industry in ussia has dealt with many problems including fraud, counterfeit and fake products. It is an industry that by its very nature mandates the strict compliance with purity both in manufacturing as well as cost. ussia works towards that compliance while trying to rid itself of the problems that have come with it.
The ussian pharmaceutical market is filled with problems and one of the biggest problems…...
mlaReferences
Privin, Irina (1997). Russia Beckons the Industry., Pharmaceutical Executive, 10-01-1997, pp 88.
Author not available (1996). RUSSIA DISCUSSES QUALITY OF MEDICAL IMPORTS FROM INDIA.., ITAR-TASS, 04-04-1996.
Author not available (1998). AS OF DEC. 8 RUSSIA RAISES IMPORT DUTIES ON ANY PHARMACEUTICALS HAVING A RUSSIAN-MADE ANALOGUE.., A&G Information Services, 12-29-1998.
Startseva, Alla (2002).Fake Drugs Called a $250M Business, THE MOSCOW TIMES., The Moscow Times (Russia), 04-26-2002.
Q1.Why has the attractiveness of the pharmaceutical industry declined so much since the 1980’s? What are the implications of those changes in industry structure for firm strategy?
Despite the tremendous profits garnered by large pharmaceutical companies for so-called blockbuster drugs, pharmaceutical companies must make huge investments in R&D to produce profitable medications. The vast majority of drugs which are developed and tested never go to market. Additionally, once companies produce valuable drugs, they have a limited window on which to capitalize upon a drug’s profitability before its compounds can be sold in the form of a much cheaper generic. The FDA shortened the patient life of drugs from 11-12 years from 17-20, thus vastly reducing the financial ability of companies to cash in on valuable non-generics (Collis & Smith, 2007, p.5).
The industry structure also changed significantly, as more and more companies began to enter into the fray of developing new drugs.…...
Drug Development (From Nature to the Market)
The process of drug development is a complex one. The pharmaceutical industry is required to adhere to strict governmental regulations, set out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which involve numerous phases of testing and clinical trials, close monitoring of the drug's effects on users, its stability, dosage forms (the preparation), and so on. This paper will describe the drug development process, as it proceeds from nature to the market.
Drugs that eventually make it to the marketplace can come from a variety of sources -- plants, animals, microbes, synthetic chemistry, biotechnology, and even modified molecules. Years of research and billions of dollars are invested by pharmaceutical companies as they seek out new, potential drugs for the market. All of this effort has resulted in the FDA's approval of 1,200 drugs for the marketplace since 1950 (Munos 960). The "recipes" that have gone…...
mlaWorks Cited
Bamelis, Lotte; Evers, Silvia; Spinhoven, Philip; Arntz, Arnoud. "Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of the Clinical Effectiveness of Schema Therapy for Personality Disorders." The American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 171, no. 3 (March 2014): 305-322.
Coustasse A, Kimble CA, Stanton RB, Naylor M. "Could the Pharmaceutical Industry
Benefit from Full-Scale Adoption of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology with New Regulations?" Perspectives in Health Information Management (Fall, 2016). http://perspectives.ahima.org/couldpharmabenefit/
Munos, Bernard. "Lessons from 60 Years of Pharmaceutical Innovation." Nature
Pharmaceutical Industry
The author of this report has been asked to review five Harvard Business Review documents from the recent years that relate to the pharmaceutical industry. From this review, the author is asked to summarize and offer several lessons learned from the cases as it relates to the power and limitations of the pharmaceutical market in addressing medical needs of patients. Indeed, there are some obvious lessons that can be cited in the reports. While pharmaceutical markets can solve a lot of problems and cure a lot of ills, the profit motive and the logistics of helping certain people prevent certain people from being assisted in a timely fashion, if at all.
Lessons Learned
One major challenge of the pharmaceutical industry is getting drugs to market. The process of getting a drug to market is long and arduous. Even when everything goes according to plan, the specter of lawsuits coming when a…...
For a research paper on the significance of the pharmaceutical industry and the business aspects of that, you could consider: * Strategic management of the pharmaceutical companies. * The overall business model for pharmaceutical companies. * Problems that are facing the business aspect of the industry. * How changing laws are affecting the pharmaceutical business. There are others, of course, and you can also narrow down one of the options here to provide something more specific. Maybe pick a particular pharmaceutical company and do an analysis on how the health care law may affect it? Finding a topic that's narrow enough is key, so....
Outline for an Essay on the Opioid Epidemic
I. Introduction
a. Overview of the opioid epidemic.
b. Brief history and how it evolved into a crisis.
II. The Scale of the Epidemic (500 words)
a. Statistics on opioid addiction, overdoses, and deaths.
b. The impact on various demographics and regions.
III. Causes of the Opioid Epidemic (600 words)
a. Over-prescription of painkillers and pharmaceutical companies' roles.
b. Economic factors and healthcare system issues.
c. Social and psychological factors contributing to addiction.
IV. Effects of the Opioid Epidemic (600 words)
a. On individuals (health, psychological impact, and....
1. The root causes of the opioid epidemic and how society can address them
2. The impact of opioid addiction on individuals, families, and communities
3. The role of pharmaceutical companies in fueling the opioid epidemic
4. The connection between mental health and opioid addiction
5. Strategies for preventing opioid addiction and promoting safe pain management
6. The criminal justice system's response to the opioid epidemic
7. The stigma surrounding opioid addiction and its impact on individuals seeking help
8. The economic costs of the opioid epidemic on healthcare systems and society
9. The role of healthcare providers in addressing the opioid epidemic
10. The potential for harm reduction....
Topic 1: The Root Causes of the Opioid Epidemic
Examine the complex interplay of factors contributing to the opioid epidemic, including the role of prescription practices, socioeconomic inequality, and the influence of pharmaceutical companies.
Topic 2: The Socioeconomic Impact of the Opioid Epidemic
Analyze the devastating consequences of the opioid epidemic on communities, including increased crime rates, poverty, and the strain on social services.
Topic 3: The Role of Prescription Practices in Fueling the Epidemic
Investigate the role of doctors, pharmacists, and the healthcare system in the overprescription of opioids and its impact on the epidemic.
Topic 4: The Failure of Law Enforcement....
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