Personality
The term personality can simply be defined as a person's unique image; what makes them different from other people in terms of attitudes, abilities, capacity, interests, behavioral modes, and individual structures, and determines how they interact with the environment. It is crucial for people to identify and understand their own personalities, because only then will they be able to uncover those things that are important to them and which require their time, effort, and commitment. Moreover, knowing our personalities opens up opportunities for us to discover our weaknesses and, hence, improve how we relate and interact with others in a diverse environment. It is for these reasons that I took the initiative to undertake the Big Five Personality Test, which I must say was a worthy cause and helped me understand my personality for my own good, but more importantly, for the good of the people around me.
The test results…...
mlaReferences
Out of Service. (2014). The Big Five Personality Test. Out of Service. Retrieved 12 September 2014 from http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/results/?oR=0.55&cR=0.833&eR=0.812&aR=0.806&nR=0.188
Santrock, J.W. (2010). Life Span Development (13th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill
Extroverted managers enjoy most high-stress decision-making situations. They may are prone to the errors typical of managers who make decisions quickly and rely on biases and heuristics, but the stress level of the situation is less a factor. These managers are more stressed by having to spend long hours researching and carefully considering decisions. They will have made up their mind early in the process and not understand the point of progressing further.
Open managers are stressed most by routine decisions. Such decisions are viewed a tedious, and will therefore receive less attention. This leads to decision-making that fails to consider the full scope of information.
Agreeable managers are stressed by situations that are antagonistic in nature. Decisions that have a negative impact on others, such as layoffs, cause them the most stress. They are prone to delay on such decisions and may choose to mitigate the damage they cause rather than…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Cox, B., Borger, S., Taylor, S., Fuentes, K., Ross, L. (1999). Anxiety sensitivity and the five-factor model of personality. Behavior Research and Therapy. Vol. 37, 7, 633-641.
Hartman, R. & Betz, N. (2007). The five factor model and career self-efficacy: General and domain-specific relationships. Journal of Career Assessment. Vol. 15, 2, 145-161.
Matthews, G., Emo, A., Funke, G., Zeidner, M., Roberts, R., Costa, P. & Schulze, R. (2006). Emotional intelligence, personality and task-induced stress. Journal of Exp Psychol Appl. Vol.12, 2, 96-107.
Page, J., Bruch, M. & Haase, R. (2008). Role of perfectionism and five-factor model traits in career indecision. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 45, 8, 811-815.
Personality
Different people possess different personality traits. In seeking to define individuals' core personalities, researchers have in the past outlined/identified several core personality dimensions. This text concerns itself with the 'Big 5' personality traits.
The 'Big 5' Personality Traits
Personality in the words of Griffin and Moorhead (2011) "is the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another." As the authors point out, there exists a need for managers to familiarize themselves with various primary personality attributes and the impact they have on the behavior of people in organizational situations. Numerous personality traits have been identified in the past. However, in an attempt to ease the description and analysis of personalities, researchers have in recent times identified several generalized personality traits (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2007). The 'Big Five' personality traits according to Nelson and Quick (2007) "include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience." In the section…...
mlaReferences
Griffin, R.W. & Moorhead, G. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations (10th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Hellriegel, D. & Slocum, J.W. (2007). Organizational Behavior (11th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson Higher Education.
Nelson, D.L. & Quick, J.C. (2007). Understanding Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson Higher Education.
Five Factor Model
Personality traits
The Five Factor Model of personality traits:
Evaluating universal and non-universal constructs of personality
The Five Factor Model of personality traits suggests that all human beings can be judged according to the degree to which they manifest five specific traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It is true that "lexical studies, which examine personality factors in trait adjectives from different languages, have had somewhat mixed results [regarding their universality]. E, A, and C. factors almost always appear, but N. And O. sometimes do not" yet the concepts themselves still seem to exist cross-culturally (McCrae, n.d.: 2). The degree to which societies value different qualities may vary, but the universal presence of these qualities is noteworthy. For example, "extraverts are lively, cheerful, and sociable; introverts are sober and taciturn… Conscientiousness is seen in organization, punctuality, and purposefulness" (McCrae n.d.: 2). The United States may value extroversion more so than…...
mlaReferences
Allik, Juri, Realo, Anu & Mottus, Rene, Borkenau, Peter, Peter Kuppens, Hr-eb?'c-kova, '
Martina. (2010). How people see others is different from how people see themselves:
A replicable pattern across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
99 (5): 870 -- 882.
Agreeableness & Workplace Diversity
Agreeableness and Workplace Diversity
The Big Five framework of personality traits is a common psychological categorization of very broad dimensions of human personality (Hurtz & Donovan, 2000). The five dimensions are surgency, agreeableness, adjustment, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Each dimension consists of multiple traits that may be applicable to an individual's personality. Together the Big Five comprise the Five Factor Model (FFM).
Of the five dimensions, agreeableness is probably the least well understood. It references tendencies to attempt to work well with others. Adjectives that best describe agreeableness in a person include compassionate, friendly, social, warm, and easygoing. Many who fall into this category are highly social and make friends easily. In personality assessments those who score highest for agreeableness respond favorably to statements such I am kind to people, warm and caring, I cooperate with others easily, I consider myself as a high performer, and I usually…...
mlaReferences
Esque, T.J, & Gilmore, E.R (2003). Making an Impact; Building a Top Performing Organization from the Bottom up. Performance Improvement, 42(1), 47 -- 49.
Hurtz, G.M., & Donovan, J.J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, (85), 869-879.
Westerman, J.W. & Simmons, B.L. (2007). The effects of work environment on the personality-performance relationship: an exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Issue, (23), 339-97.
Zimmerman, R.D. (2008). Understanding the Impact of Personality Traits on Individuals Turnover Decision: A Meta-Analytical Path Model. Personnel Psychology Journal. (54), 93-107
Individuals Who May Become Violent
The headlines today are replete with anecdotal accounts of people described as "the quiet type" who then go on to commit inexplicable violent acts. Conversely, in other cases, violent acts are committed by people who are presciently described as "a bomb waiting to explode" Furthermore, it is also reasonable to suggest that virtually anyone can become violent under certain circumstances. To determine the facts, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed literature concerning the characteristics of individuals who may become violent and a discussion concerning how these characteristics contribute to increased violence in those who are mentally ill. A summary of the research and important findings concerning predispositions to violence are provided in the conclusion.
eview and Discussion
There are a number of factors that can contribute to a predisposition to violence, including gender, personality traits such as impulsive-aggressive behaviors, marital status and various environmental…...
mlaReferences
Antonius, D. & Sinclair, S.J. (2013, August 1). Assessing the heterogeneity of aggressive behavior traits: Exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the reactive and instrumental aggression personality assessment inventory (PAI) scales. Violence and Victims, 28(4),
587-591.
Kumar, P.N. & Rajmohan, V. (2013, October-December). An exploratory analysis of personality factors contributed to suicide attempts. Indian Journal of Psychological
Medicine, 35(4), 378-383.
Five Factor Personality Test (http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/) was developed for use in online psychological research. It consists of forty-one questions and is based on the "Big Five" model that states that there are five main dimensions necessary to broadly describe human personality. The five factors are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. After taking the test and reading the results, I was surprised at the accuracy of the test in profiling me the way I see myself.
My score on the extraversion factor was about average. This factor refers to preferences and behaviors in social situations. I believe it is accurate to say that I am generally comfortable in most social situations and yet I prefer that I am not the center of attention. Both of these qualities have served me well in the workplace. In my position, I am often called upon to meet new people and talk to them about the…...
The component traits are the weakest and most loosely related of any of the other four factors of personality and thus the weakest in replication studies (257).
People who are considered to be "open" often express their creativity, intellectual curiosity, and their need for variety in characteristic ways across a variety of mediums (Leary & Hoyle 259). They are usually quite verbally fluent, humorous, and expressive in their interpersonal interactions (259). Open individuals will often decorate their living and working spaces in ways that reflect who they believe themselves to be as individuals. They will often have a variety of books and magazines around, which is why it is easy for researchers to pick up on the clues of an open individual.
Interestingly enough, researchers have found that open people use fewer past tense verbs and enjoy frequenting restaurants, bars, and coffee shops. Open people will tend to join their personal…...
mlaWorks Cited
Buss, David M. & Hawley, Patricia H. The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences.
USA: Oxford University Press; 1st Edition, 2010.
John, Oliver P., Robins, Richard W., & Pervin, Lawrence a. Handbook of Personality, Third
Edition: Theory and Research. The Guilford Press; Third Edition, 2010.
setup of the management team of the new department and the manner in which the team leadership members would be chosen centered in their personality assessments, psychoanalytical individualities and professional experience and competencies within the industry. In addition, the memorandum will offer an explanation of how the personality assessment results of each and every member were put together to create methods of leadership which are centered on the situational interests or conditional interests with regards to operational earnestness and cultural dissimilarities of the members for this project.
Evaluate the personality assessment results
Northouse (2013) opines that, the human behavior methodology includes the different manners in which one can look at leaders and also their followers or subordinates. esearch studies undertaken by Carl Jung (1993) have been in correlation with the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) research study that was employed to evaluate the performance of an individual by making use of four…...
mlaReferences
Arvidsson, M., Johansson, C., Asa, E., and Akselsson, R. (2007). Situational leadership in air traffic control. Journal of Air Transportation, 12 (1), 67-86.
Betts, S.C., Santoro, M.D. (2007). Integrating leadership theories and team research: a conceptual framework based on level of analysis and type of control. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 11(1), 1-17.
James, M. (2003). Using the myers-briggs type indicator as a tool for leadership development? apply with caution. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(1), 68.
Jung, C.G. (1993). Psychological types. New York, NY: Modern Library.
BPD patients may occasionally show apparent remission or normalcy in traits such as neuroticism, while hysteric or depressive personality disordered-patients will manifest these traits more consistently. This also highlights the level of 'hope' one should have about what is seen as an improving sign during treatment. While a marked reduction in neuroticism might be a sign of responsiveness in a depressive personality type, in a BPD patient it may merely be another manifestation of the illness, part of the BPD cycle, of finding someone or someone to fixate upon to ease the patient's lack of a sense of core identity. In particular, neuroticism and conscientiousness "showed greater mean-level change, with neuroticism declining faster and conscientiousness increasing faster, in the BPD group" as compared with other traits in the FFM (Hopwood 2009, p.806).
BPD's controversial nature as a diagnosis is not seriously disputed by the authors, and opponents of the diagnosis…...
mlaReferences
Hopwood, C.J. (et al. 2009, November). The stability of personality traits in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Abnormal Psychology, 118(4):806-15.
Oldham, John M. (2004, July 1). Borderline personality disorder: An overview. The Psychiatric
Times. Retrieved July 19, 2010 at http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/borderline-personality/content/article/10168/53976
Prue" Alice Munro. 750-1000 words. personality traits characters motivation. kind character Prue, weak, strong, determined, optimistic, arrogant, afraid, timid, shy. Is character dynamic, static, protagonist, antagonist epiphany.
Alice Munro's short story "Prue" puts across an account in the life of a middle-aged woman as she struggles to make it through her late forties on her own. The story's protagonist is apparently capable to understand the importance of youth and feels that it is not abnormal for her to be denied matters that are typically available to young people. Prue accepts her faith but considers that her condition is not critical, as she believes that she is entitled to fight for her well-being. Her relationship with Gordon, "a helpless, baffled soul, squirming around inside his doughty forties" (Munro, p. 132) is essential in having readers understand more in regard to Prue. It is obvious that their connection is principally based on…...
Skills and Personality Traits of a Computer Programmer
Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the detailed instructions, called programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions. They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming-advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools-have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization.
Computer programs tell the computer what to do, which information to identify and access, how to process it, and what equipment to use. Programs vary widely depending upon the type of information to be accessed or generated. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on board an aircraft for pilots training in a flight simulator. Although simple programs can be written in…...
mlaBibliography
California Employment Development Department. "What Does A Computer Programmer Do?" California Occupational Guide Number 81. 2002. June 14, 2005. .
Commonwealth of Virginia. "Career Guide For Computer Programmer." June 14, 2005. .
Humber College. "Computer Programmer." 2005. June 14, 2005. .
California Employment Development Department "What Does A Computer Programmer Do?" California Occupational Guide Number 81. 2002. June 14, 2005. .
NEO Personality Inventory – 4 (NEO-4) This personality test was formulated by tweaking the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). While NEO-PI-R provides information on the five personality domains namely Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism, the NEO-4 only offers information on four of these domains. The omitted domain is Neuroticism. The developers of the NEO-4 test have indicated that the test is suitable for use in employment and personal counseling settings that involve activities like career development, career counseling, and employee training. This is where these four domains mainly focus upon. The four domains used for the NEO-4 test will avail information regarding many aspects of the individual's personality. According to the developers of the test, it is possible to interpret the four domains at the global factor level. There are six personal styles that can be interpreted from the four domains. These styles are interactions, interests, attitudes, activity,…...
mlaMReferences
Allik, J., Church, A. T., Ortiz, F. A., Rossier, J., H?ebí?ková, M., De Fruyt, F., . . . McCrae, R. R. (2017). Mean profiles of the NEO personality inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(3), 402-420.Dwan, T., Ownsworth, T., Donovan, C., & Lo, A. H. Y. (2017). Reliability of the NEO Five Factor Inventory short form for assessing personality after stroke. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(7), 1157-1168.Helle, A. C., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2017). Maladaptive personality trait models: Validating the five-factor model maladaptive trait measures with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and NEO Personality Inventory. Assessment, 1073191117709071.McAbee, S. T., & Oswald, F. L. (2013). The criterion-related validity of personality measures for predicting GPA: A meta-analytic validity competition. Psychological assessment, 25(2), 532.McCrae, R. R., Kurtz, J. E., Yamagata, S., & Terracciano, A. (2011). Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity. Personality and social psychology review, 15(1), 28-50.Stepp, S. D., Yu, L., Miller, J. D., Hallquist, M. N., Trull, T. J., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2012). Integrating competing dimensional models of personality: Linking the SNAP, TCI, and NEO using Item Response Theory. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(2), 107.Takahashi, M., Shirayama, Y., Muneoka, K., Suzuki, M., Sato, K., & Hashimoto, K. (2013). Low openness on the revised NEO personality inventory as a risk factor for treatment-resistant depression. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e71964.
Personality
Trait and Factor Theories:
Personality trait and factor theories have been developed as a means of identifying common elements within the personality of different people, indeed the entire populace. Within any given group of people there are common threads of experiences, similar nurturing, and even shared genetic, yet the personality of each member is a unique construction individual elements which work together. Among those who have produced work in this area are aymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck. Each used scientific factor analysis to identify common traits or permanent dispositions of people. Cattell has identified a large number of personality traits, whereas Eysenck's research extracted only three general factors.(mcgraw-hill.com, online) Like Freud who identifies the id, ego and superego as the measurements of the personal mind, will and emotion, the categories identified by these researchers give men the ability to understand the unique functions of the person, emotions and desires.
Allport's Dispositional Theory
Allport…...
mlaResources
Theories of personality, dispositional theories. (2002) McGraw Hill higher education. Accessed 23 Nov 2003. Web Site: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072316799/student_view0/part4/chapter13/chapter_outline.html
Ver Wys. C.
2001) Department of Cognitive Science Renesslear Polytechnic Institute. Accessed 23 Nov 2003. Web Site: http://www.rpi.edu/~verwyc/bandura.htm .
Boeree, G. (1998) Albert Bandura: Personality Theories. Accessed 23 Nov 2003. Web site: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/bandura.html .
personality profiles considered to be part of my strengths. The paper identifies and discusses the specific dimensions that influence my personal strengths and weaknesses.
My Personality Strengths
Conscientiousness and openness to experience are the strengths in my personality traits, I am freshman undergraduate student with the following personality profiles.
Openness to Experience: Openness is one of my strengths in personal profiles that involves active to the imagination, preferring different intellectual curiosity, attentive to my inner feelings, and active in aesthetic sensitivity. With regards to openness, I prefer new experiences over a routing experience because I believe that a new experience will add to my body of knowledge and assist in delivering a wide variety of interests. Creativity is one of my strengths because I believe in developing new ideas rather than relying on traditional old ideas. Moreover, I consider myself to be highly intelligent and knowledgeable. Essentially, openness is correlated with intelligence…...
mlaReference
Locke, E. A. (2001). "Motivation by goal setting." In Golembiewski, Robert T. Handbook of organizational behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 43 -- 56.
There are many different subtopics that could be addressed in an essay about genetics and heredity, from evolution to the nature versus nurture debate. Here are some catchy titles we thought of for some of those essays:
1. Hedgehog vs Fox: A Comparison of Two Distinct Animal Personalities
2. The Hedgehog and the Fox: Exploring Contrasting Approaches to Life
3. Hedgehog or Fox? Understanding Different Philosophies on Problem-Solving
4. Hedgehog vs Fox: The Battle Between Specialization and Versatility
5. In Defense of the Hedgehog: Embracing Depth over Breadth
6. The Fox's Dilemma: Balancing Multiple Perspectives in a Complex World
7. Hedgehog or Fox: Navigating the Dichotomy of Focused Expertise vs Broad Knowledge
8. The Power of Adaptability: Lessons from the Fox and the Hedgehog
9. Embracing Complexity: Finding Harmony Between the Hedgehog and the Fox
10. Hedgehog Pride vs Fox Flexibility: A Debate on the Ideal....
1. The impact of childhood traumas on adult mental health
2. The role of genetics in determining personality traits
3. The effects of social media on self-esteem and body image
4. The psychology of addiction and recovery
5. The relationship between mental health and physical health
6. The influence of gender roles on mental well-being
7. The connection between mindfulness and mental health
8. The psychology of motivation and goal-setting
9. The effects of childhood bullying on long-term mental health
10. The psychology of decision-making and biases in judgment
11. The role of attachment styles in romantic relationships
12. The impact of technology on cognitive development in children
13. The psychology of....
I. Introduction
A. Thesis statement: Define family structure and development and provide a brief overview of its importance.
B. Background information: Discuss the historical evolution of family structures and the factors influencing their development.
II. Types of Family Structures
A. Nuclear family: Characteristics, advantages, and challenges.
B. Extended family: In-depth analysis of kinship networks, living arrangements, and the role of grandparents.
C. Blended family: Formation, dynamics, and the unique challenges faced by stepfamilies.
D. Single-parent family: Prevalence, causes, parenting strategies, and the well-being of children.
III. Stages of Family Development
A. Honeymoon stage: Romantic attachment, adjustment to marriage, and starting a family.
....
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