There needs to be however more efficiency put into the process of validating just what is personal vs. professional mail, with a more insightful series of policies put in place to define acceptable use of e-mail and communications systems (Breaux, Anton, 2008).
Clearly, being able to guard against personal data of employees being accessed, sold or used in any way needs to have even more stringent rules associated with it (Breaux, Anton, 2008). The fact that so many companies today have their employee database compromised and then selectively sold off to telemarketers, it is clear that higher penalties need to be put into place for it professionals who either have lax security in place to allow this to happen, or unfortunately make the terrible mistake of thinking this is a way to make extra cash. As has been seen from the cases of overt theft of employee data, it has…...

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References

Breaux, T., & Anton, a.. (2008). Analyzing Regulatory Rules for Privacy and Security Requirements. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 34(1), 5-20.

Doss, Erini, & Loui, Michael C. (1995). Ethics and the privacy of electronic mail. Information Society, 11(3), 223.

Lautsch, John C.. (1985). Information Privacy and the MIS Manager. The Journal of Information Systems Management, 2(2), 79.

Patel, M.. (2009). The Threat from Within. Risk Management, 56(5), 8-9.

Protecting Personal Information
When considering the ever-changing and highly competitive global landscape of business today, large firms must be able to effectively globalize their operations in order to reach a greater potential client base, stay at the cutting edge of their respective fields and sustain profitability in the long-term. With the current exponential growth of technology and computerization of business and learning, consumers have become much more connected to the businesses they patronize (Kurzweil, 2001). Accordingly, companies are faced with the continuous task of finding new ways to understand and subsequently accommodate the needs of those customers, while simultaneously securing lucrative business models and job environments. In accomplishing the aforementioned objectives, firms must also be able to supply a secure environment in which clients can feel safe in accessing the products and services of the business. Knowing that many organizations are utilizing the highly effective means of online systems construction…...

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Bibliography

Allen, C., & Morris, C. (2007). Information Sharing Mechanisms to Improve Homeland Security. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from  http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/expectmore/issue_summary/issueDetailedPlan_24.pdf 

Berghel, H. (2000). Identity Theft, Social Security Numbers, and the Web. Communications of the ACM, 43 (2).

Chou, N., Ledesma, R., Teraguchi, Y., & Mitchell, J.C. (2004). Client-Side Defense Against Web-Based Identity Theft. 11th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. San Diego, CA.

Jagatic, T.N., Johnson, N.A., & Jakobsson, M. (2007). Social Phishing. Communications of the ACM, 50 (10), 94-100.

In particular, employees can feel as though they have a lack of privacy and that they are constantly being micro-managed. Studies have shown that workers who are monitored through outlets such as call centres have elevated levels of depression and anxiety (Holman, 2002). As the worker loses their autonomy, it is also common for them to lose a substantial degree of intrinsic motivation.
Another negative consequence of employee monitoring is that workers often lose trust in the organization and feel that the company does not support them. In some cases, there may be an invasion of privacy as the worker's private information becomes visible to data monitoring systems. In order to avoid worker dissatisfaction, it is imperative that companies implement communication strategies that ensure that workers feel supported and do not expose confidential information. When hiring an employee, a company should clearly explain all employee monitoring strategies utilized and justify…...

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References

Alder, G.S., Noel, T.W., & Ambrose, M.L. (2006). Clarifying the effects of Internet monitoring on job attitudes: The mediating role of employee trust. Information and Management, 43(7), 894-903.

Ciocchetti, C.A. (2011). The eavesdropping employer: A twenty-first century framework for employee monitoring. American Business Law Journal, 48(2), 285-369.

Holman, D. (2002). Employee well-being in call centres. Human Resource Management Journal, 12(4), 35-50.

Identity theft is a kind of theft that involves someone stealing the identity of someone else by assuming that person's identity (Lai, Li, & Hsieh, 2012). This is usually a method of gaining access to the person's resources like credit cards and other things in the person's name. This is considered a white-collar crime and it has gained popularity amongst criminals. According to statistics, each year hundreds of thousands of people have their identities stolen. The thieves will use the person's personal information like bank account numbers, credit card numbers, social security numbers, and insurance information to purchase goods fraudulently. The Federal Trade Commission has reported that over 7 million people were victims of identity theft in the past year. This is quite a huge number, and it indicates identity theft is a growing in the United States. When someone manages to use another person's personal information to obtain credit,…...

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References

Holt, T. J., & Turner, M. G. (2012). Examining risks and protective factors of online identity theft. Deviant Behavior, 33(4), 308-323.

Lai, F., Li, D., & Hsieh, C.-T. (2012). Fighting identity theft: The coping perspective. Decision Support Systems, 52(2), 353-363.

Saleh, Z. (2013). The Impact of Identity Theft on Perceived Security and Trusting E-Commerce. Journal of Internet Banking and E-Commerce, 18(2), 1-11.

Personally Identifiable Information is any information that pertains directly to an individual's identity, such as SSN, birthdate, etc., and any information that can be linked to an individual, such as health records, education records, IP address, etc. (McCallister, Grance, Scarfone, 2010). When it comes to ethically protecting the PII of clients and workers in organizations, information technology and information systems must be engaged in order to ensure that cyber security is a top concern especially in a digital era where information is power and where hacking accounts and firms is a probable threat no matter what one's business is. The task of approaching PII from an ethical standpoint where regard for clients' and workers' personal information stored by the organization is one that factors into risk assessment and risk management guidelines used in order to create cyber security networks (Vacca, 2009).
However, PII is something that may also be collected by…...

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References

McCallister, E., Grance, T., Scarfone, K. (2010). Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality

of Personally Identifiable Information (PII): Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST. Retrieved from  http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-122/sp800-122.pdf 

Vacca, J. (2009). Computer and Information Security Handbook. Burlington, MA:

Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

Included among the demographic data to be collected are: age and sex of the student, the type of school (private or public), the nature of internet access most frequently used (home, public library, school, others), primary guardian and relationship to the guardian (parent, grandparent, sister, etc.).
A simple t-test will determine whether there is a significant difference in the frequency of posting scores between boys and girls or the 11-12 and 13-14 yr age groups. Frequency scores of Internet access location, relative availability of Internet access, and website types where personal information is posted will be compared using simple analysis of variance.

I can be varied depending on the youth population of the covered area

References

Berson, I. And Berson, M. (2005). Challenging online behaviors of youth: Findings from a comparative analysis of young people in the United States and New Zealand. Social Science Computer Review, 23(1), 29-38. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from…...

The responsibility to seek out and use the most appropriate form of protection for a particular system lies with its user. If a user does not regard these duties with the appropriate seriousness, the consequences could be dire indeed. Another very threatening form of computer crime is the phishing scam.

Phishing

Phishing involves email from an apparently legitimate source such as a bank or other place of business that requires the user to respond with personal information. Most commonly, banks are used as a front for these scams. The most common messages of this type is that a user's account has been disabled and will only be reinstated once the apparent company has received the specific requested data. When a user sends this data, the criminal can then use it for his or her own purposes, such as identity theft or credit card fraud.

According to WiredSafety.org (2011), phishing criminals target a very…...

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References

AllAboutCookies (2011). What other steps can I take to protect my privacy online? Retrieved from:  http://www.allaboutcookies.org/faqs/protect.html 

Bickell, K.D. (2011). 4 Tips for Malware Protection. Retrieved from: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/4-Tips-for-Malware-Protection/1038740

Bukisa (2010, Nov 8). Protecting Your Identity and personal information over the Internet. Retrieved from:  http://www.bukisa.com/articles/390310_protecting-your-idemtity-and-personal-information-over-the-internet 

McCandlish, S. (2002). EFF's Top 12 Ways to Protect Your Online Privacy. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from:  http://www.eff.org/wp/effs-top-12-ways-protect-your-online-privacy

trackedinamerica.org.
Some of the violations of civil and human rights that have resulted for the PA include "aggressive deportations, crackdowns at borders, surveillance of mosques and homes...destroyed livelihoods, splintered families and the loss of a sense of belonging and citizenship," the group asserts on their eb site. Moreover, many peace activists, demonstrators at anti-war rallies, animal-rights groups, student organizations, and critics of the U.S. policy towards Cuba, have been monitored and added to FBI and CIA databases as potential "enemies of America."

ID CHIPS: An article in ABA Journal (Tebo, 2006) points out that employees of some companies are being asked to have ID chips implanted in their arms so their employers "can monitor their movements," Tebo writes. And while the company that is using these ID chips, (www.Cityatcher.com) can rightly say absolute security is pivotal to their customers, many experts, the article continues, "worry that the law is not keeping pace…...

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Works Cited

American Civil Liberties Union. (2006). Federal Court Strikes down NSA Warrantless

Surveillance Program. Retrieved 27 Oct. 2006 at  http://www.aclu.org/safefree/nsaspying/26489prs20060817.html .

Berghel, Hal. (2006). Phishing Monger and Posers. Communications of the ACM, 49(4), 21-25.

Eggan, Dan. (2005). Bush Authorized Domestic Spying. Washington Post, Retrieved 27 Oct, 2006, at  http://www.washingtonpost.com .

Personal Professional Healthcare Communication Paper
What is Healthcare Communication?

Communication can be generally defined and the method of imparting information from a source to targets. The process of sharing thus has its own set of rules and for human communication the written and spoken words are used. There is also a series of communication called non-verbal which is also significant. There are behaviors that show what a person thinks or feels is also communication. (Berry, 2007)

These types of communication applies in the health care settings too. Health communication may be defined as the study of the means of communication and its strategies not only to communicate to individuals but to the community thus creating decisions on health questions. Thus for the health service the communication within itself and the society concerned with individual and public health, is a very important field that requires specialization and research in medical information communication between the…...

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References

Berry, Dianne. (2007) "Health Communication: Theory and Practice." Open University Press:

Maidenhead, England.

Diebold Institute for Public Policy Studies. (1995) "Healthcare Info structures: The

Development of Information-Based Infrastructures for the Healthcare Industry." Praeger: Westport, CT.

Information Technology holds great promise for improving the way a government serves its citizens in various services it conducts to the citizens. This rapid adoption of information technology has produced substantial benefits to the citizens, tax payers, and businesses alike. It is therefore recommended for every particular government to develop digital services to streamline all its operations. One area where governments should enhance its key functions is the establishment of online tax preparation services for the citizens.
It is quite obvious that the government is actively involved in taxation, and this is where the provision of information technology makes the entire process easier and more efficient. Electronic provision of tax forms and other tax information is very beneficial to the residents and falls within the traditional scope of government's activity. This is why government must actively engage tax payers in electronic filing since it is appropriate in boosting the efficiency of…...

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Bibliography

Arcot (2009) Arcot Fraud Detection and Risk Analysis for eCommerce Transactions

Solution Guide. Available http://www.arcot.com/resources/docs/Arcot_Fraud_Detection_&_Risk_Analysis_for_eCommerce_Transactions.pdf

A definition from Webopedia "Data Center Tiers" (HTML). Webopedia. 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.

A document from the Uptime Institute describing the different tiers (click through the download page) "Data Center Site Infrastructure Tier Standard: Topology" (PDF). Uptime Institute. 2010-02-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.

They have a moral obligation to the South African people in this area for many reasons. First, they have an obligation to make certain that they can participate in the global economy to give their citizens the same chances for advancement as other nations. Secondly, they have a moral obligation to do everything possible to keep their citizens safe.
When one discusses the topic of security in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), much of the discussion focuses on the technology itself. Currently, the South African banking industry is attempting to establish standards that represent best practices in information security (Tshinu, Botha, and Herselman, 2008). These measures currently focus on the technological aspects of information security. However, the development of industry-wide best practices must take all sources of vulnerability into consideration, including the moral and ethical responsibility to keep information safe.

Therefore, the development of best practices cannot ignore the human factor…...

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REFERENCES

Anderson, R. & Moore, T. 2006. "The Economics of Information Security." Science [Online] 314 (5799), pp.610-613, October 27, 2006. Available at:

  (Accessed June 20, 2010).http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/Papers/toulouse-summary.pdf 

Anderson, R. & Moore, T. 2007. "The Economics of Information Security: A Survey and Open Questions." Fourth Bi-annual Conference on the Economics of the Software and Internet Industries. January 19-20, 2007: Toulouse, France. [Online] Available at:

Another study found that there are many different strategies that are utilized when information technology is developed within the federal government and many of these tend to come not from the top managers but from the management instead (Gupta, Holladay, & Mahoney, 2000).
Much of this has to do with the fact that the top managers in the federal government are often political appointees and therefore know somewhat less about the inner workings of the organization when it comes to specific technological systems (Gupta, Holladay, & Mahoney, 2000). The middle managers are the ones who generally look for strategies to develop other types of information technology and are often comparable to the end users within other studies (Gupta, Holladay, & Mahoney, 2000). Unlike the managers who deal specifically with management information systems, or the other executive managers within the company, these middle managers actually understand many of the challenges and…...

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Works Cited

Adams, a. & Sasse, M.A. (1999). Users Are Not the Enemy. Communications of the ACM, 42(12), 40-46.

Bocco, G., and Sanchez, R. (1995). Quantifying urban growth using GIS: The case of Tijuana, Mexico (1973-1993). Geo Info Systems 5(10), 18-19.

Bohnet, D. (1995). Integration of socio-economic data into GIS -- a case study of the CRDA. Proceedings of the AfricaGIS 95 conference, Abidjan, March 5-10.

Broadbent, M., Weill, P., & St. Clair, D. (1999) the Implications of Information Technology Infrastructure for Business Process Redesign. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 159-182.

Blogs and social networking have altered our daily usage of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Of that, we can be certain. But how exactly has this change evolved, and what specific effects is it having on Internet and Web usage patterns around the world? This paper addresses the history of blogs and social media, and shows their state of development now. This brief introduction will segue into a discussion of the various personal and professional applications for both blogging and social media. Additionally, sections on political applications and implications will round out the discussion on how social media and blogging have changed the ways people communicate and receive information. Finally, it would be remiss to ignore the confluence of hardware, software, coding, applications, and protocols that have led to revolutions in the ways people use their digital devices. Tablets and smartphones are the physical manifestations of the changes…...

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References

Barnes, S.B. (2006). A privacy paradox: Social networking in the United States. First Monday 11(9).

Boyd, D. (n.d.). Friends, Friendsters, and MySpace Top 8: Writing Community Into Being on Social Network Sites. CiteSeer. Retrieved online:  http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.79.5665 

Bryant, T. (2006). Social software in academia. Educase Quarterly. 2. 2006.

DiMicco, J., Millen, D.R., Geyer, W., Dugan, C., Brownholtz, B. & Muller, M. (2008). Motivations for social networking at work. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work. Pp. 711-720.

protect the privacy of the individual via EU Directive for Protection of Personal Data
The internet revolutionized the human life as we know it. It established a culture of liberty aided by not just ingenuousness but also standardized protocols. This was achieved by transmitting the essential products for business-related growth, adopting a model of governance with no formal existence of regulations along with free availability of abundant software packages. This internet revolution can't be underestimated as it has its pros and cons, which also comes under discussion in this paper. With the surging popularity of internet, there happen to be a plethora of new dilemmas knocking at the door. There are tons of merits of Internet for that matter while its demerits have been ignored and hidden along the sidelines. These issues have materialized in the preceding decade and the demand is urgent to solidify a legislation which is tasked…...

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References

Andrew, S. (2011). The Federal Trade Commission and Privacy: Defining Enforcement and Encouraging the Adoption of Best Practices, 48 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 809, 854 -- 56.

Aquilina, K. (2010). Public security vs. privacy in technology law: A balancing act? Computer Law & Security Review. Volume 26, Issue 2, March 2010, Pages 130 -- 143

Asinari, M and Poullet, Y. (2004). Public security vs. data privacy -- Airline passengers' data: adoption of an adequacy decision by the European commission. How will the story end?' Computer Law & Security Report, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 370 -- 376.

Bambauer, D.E. (2013). Privacy vs. Security. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. Vol. 103, No. 3.

Health Information System
Promoting Action Design esearch to create value in healthcare through IT

ecently there has been varying proof showing that health IT reduces costs while improving the standard of care offered. The same factors that had caused delays in reaping benefits from IT investment made in other sectors (i.e. time consuming procedural change) are also very common within the healthcare sector. Due to the current transitive nature of the Healthcare sector, new IT investment is likely not going to provide maximum value unless this new investment is backed up with a total reform of healthcare delivery. The overall ability of healthcare IT value researchers to add value to practice will be severely limited as a result of the traditional ex-post approach to measuring IT and the fact that government spurs significant investment. It may be risky to generalize or compare results from traditional IT value research with those from healthcare…...

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References

Fichman, R., Kohli, R., & Krishnan, R. (2011). The role of information systems in healthcare: Current research and future trends. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 419-428.

Goh, J.M., Gao, G., & Agarwal, R. (n.d.). Evolving work routines: Adaptive routinization of information technology in healthcare. Information Systems Research, 22(3), 565-585.

Hoffnagel, E., Woods, D., & Leveson, N. (2006). Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts. Abingdon: GBR: Ashgate Publishing.

Jones, S., Heaton, P., Riudin, R., & Schneider, E. (2012). Unraveling the IT productivity paradox lessons for health care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(24), 2243-2245.

Intelligence assessment involves the identification, measurement, and evaluation of an individual's cognitive abilities. This process helps to understand an individual's intellectual potential and functioning. Here's a properly spaced format for assessing intelligence:

1. Gathering background information:
- Obtain personal information, such as age, education, and cultural background.
- Collect relevant medical history or developmental milestones.

2. Administering standardized intelligence tests:
- Select appropriate tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) or Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.
- Ensure that the testing environment is quiet and free from distractions.
- Explain the test instructions to the individual and answer any questions.
- Administer....

To help make the internet safer, we can take the following measures:

1. Strengthen password security:
- Use strong and unique passwords for each online account.
- Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate passwords.
- Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.

2. Educate users about phishing and malware:
- Raise awareness about common phishing techniques and the importance of not clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown sources.
- Promote the use of reliable antivirus software and regularly update it.

3. Encourage responsible online behavior:
- Teach users about the potential consequences of sharing personal information online.
-....

Beating Bullying: Proven Strategies for a Bully-Free Environment

 Introduction
Bullying, an unfortunately common occurrence in various social settings, has far-reaching negative consequences for both the victims and the overall community. As such, addressing this issue effectively remains paramount. This essay aims to present effective strategies for combating bullying in schools, workplaces, and online spaces. By exploring proven methods and drawing on the latest research, this comprehensive guide equips readers with actionable steps to create bully-free environments.

 Strategies for Beating Bullying

 1. Fostering a Positive School Culture:
A Collaborative Effort for Bullying Prevention.

- Establishing a clear and consistent anti-bullying policy that outlines expectations, consequences,....

I. Introduction
- Explanation of online shopping and traditional shopping
- Thesis statement: The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast online shopping with traditional shopping in terms of convenience, cost, and customer experience.

II. Convenience
A. Online Shopping
- Explanation of the convenience of shopping from the comfort of your own home
- Availability of 24/7 shopping
- Ability to compare prices easily

B. Traditional Shopping
- Explanation of the convenience of being able to see and touch products before purchasing
- Interaction with sales staff for assistance
- Limited hours of operation

III. Cost
A. Online Shopping
- Discussion on how online shopping can lead to cost savings through discounts....