Peer Pressure
define peer pressure describe how it can be positive or negative describe how negative consequences most important because of the problems describe what will be covered: causes, impact, solutions
Causes of Peer Pressure
normal part of growing up psychology of adolescence
Impact of Peer Pressure
describe it as a positive force deviance ( alcohol, drugs, crime, antisocial behavior)
pressure is there but only impacts a few and then contributes, rather than causes
Emotional Impact of Peer Pressure
pressure to fit in with other, low self-esteem if people cannot fit in depression, anorexia, suicide long-lasting, with this potentially determining a person's entire life
Paragraph 4: Solution to the Problem
you cannot eliminate peer pressure, but you can use it as a positive force education of teenagers in school programs education of parents to provide support
Conclusion
peer pressure is normal and cannot be eliminated peer pressure can be turned from a negative force to a positive one
Peer Pressure
Peer pressure is describes…...
mlaWorks Cited
Bachman, J.G., & O'Malley, P.M. "Self-esteem in Young Men: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Educational and Occupational Attainment." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 (1977): 365-380.
Berk, L.E. Development Through the Lifespan. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2004.
Butcher, J.M., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J.M. Abnormal Psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2004.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "Preparing Youth for Peer Pressure." 2005. Retrieved 27 April, 2005. URL: http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/CA-0047/default.asp
Peer pressure. Our teachers think about it, our parents worry about it, and we have to deal with it every day. In fact, the words "peer pressure" are thrown about as if it is always a bad thing. I believe, however, that there is a good side as well as a bad side to it.
We all know what peer pressure is. It is the influence your friends have over you that changes the choices you make. A good example of negative peer pressure is drinking. Many teens drink. Our teachers know it, our parents know it, and we see it first-hand. If peer pressure results in someone becoming seriously impaired, especially if that person then feels he or she has to drive somewhere, then obviously the peer pressure in this case was negative. A classic example of this would be sorority and fraternity hazing. Every year we hear in the…...
Although the teen's parents may be the pillars of good and upright community and society, generally the teen is looking outward for role models. Many good role models can be found within the community in the form of sports coaches, teachers, community leaders and so forth. When a parent sees that a teen admires an individual that is of good character and lives a lifestyle that is upright and acceptable, the parent should encourage and assist the teen in interaction with that role model so that the enforcement of those standards will integrate with the teen's standards as well as thinking and reasoning processes.
It is very important to beef up the encouraging and positive talk and to infuse the teen with self-confidence. As hard as it may be, avoiding too much negativity and avoiding constant criticism as well as avoiding condemnation can be considered key in fostering healthy development…...
mlaBibliography
Maxwell, Kimberly a. (2002) Friendship, Peers, Influence, Teenagers, Behavior Journal of Youth and Adolescence. New York August 2002, Vol. 31. Issue. 4 p. 267
Meyerhoff, Michael K. (1999) Peer Pressure Protection. Pediatrics for Parents 1999. Vo. 18, Issue 7 P. 8
Stone, Robin D. (2004) the Company They Keep. Essence June 2004, Vol.35 Issue 2 p. 218
Peer Influences and Peer Relationships (2004) Focus Adolescent Services [Online] located at http://www.focusas.com/PeerInfluence.html
The findings of this study support the view that the effects of peer pressure are related to earlier processes in childhood. This has led to the recognized research imperative to "...include longitudinal data from both peer and family contexts in studies of trajectories leading to adolescent problem behaviors" (p.45). In other words, the study points to the importance of a more holistic approach to understanding the motivational impetus and effects of peer pressure which takes into account both home experiences and experiences with peers and the way that these factors in combination effect development in children and young adults. As the study states: "What children learn at home from their parents, they bring to the peer group" (Garnier & Stein, 2002, p 45).
Types of peer pressure
The literature also refers to the different types of peer pressure and influences that have been defined and classified. These different types are important…...
mlaReferences
Boujlaleb N. (2006) Adolescents and Peer Pressure. 2006. Retrieved June 18, 2007 at www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000778584http://www.aui.ma/VPAA/cads/research/cad-research-student-06-adolescents-peer.pdf
Bradley, G., & Wildman, K. (2002). Psychosocial Predictors of Emerging Adults' Risk and Reckless Behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(4), 253+. Retrieved June 18, 2007, from Questia database:
Other factors included family problems and family substance abuse.
Two common aspects occurred in all three blocks: first, interaction between the individual and the collective perspective; and second, the relationship between the subject's interior (e.g., individual, family) and exterior (e.g., environment and peer pressure) facets (Alvarez, et all 2006)."
One of the interviews revealed a combination of peer pressure and family problems as the catalyst for her drug debut.
Female, 16 years old: never had any kind of communication with my parents, I always found refuge with people who I thought were my friends. At home I always had fights with my Mom, and then I felt emotionally really bad. Then in high school I met a guy, he always said "let's go," and I thought: What a wonderful thing if he accepts me, and one day he said "Try this," and it was all over after that."
Adolescent peer pressure is not…...
mlaReferences
Alberg, Anthony J.; Kalesan, Bindu; Stine, Joan (2006). The joint influence of parental modeling and positive parental concern on cigarette smoking in middle and high school students. Journal of School Health
Alvarez-Nemegyei, Jose; Nuno-Gutierrez, Bertha Lidia; Rodriguez-Cerda, Oscar (2006) Why do adolescents use drugs? A common sense explanatory model from the social actor's perspective.
Journal of Adolescence
Boeck, Thilo; Dunkerton, Leigh; Kemshall, Hazel; Marsland, Louise (2006) Young people, pathways and crime: beyond risk factors.(United Kingdom). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
Accordingly, family-based prevention programs for youth have been developed, which significantly delay initiation of alcohol use by improving parenting skills and family bonding.
During adolescence, peers play a large part in a young person's life and typically replace family as the center of a teen's social and leisure activities. But teenagers have various peer relationships, and they interact with many peer groups. Often "peer cultures" have very different values and norms. Thus, the adult perception of peers as a "united front of dangerous influence" is inaccurate. More often than not, peers reinforce family values, but they have the potential to encourage problem behaviors as well. Although the negative influence of peers is over-emphasized, more can be done to help teenagers experience the family and the peer group as mutually constructive environments. To accomplish this, families, communities, churches, schools, 4-H and other youth groups must work together (Haydock 45).
orks Cited
Arata, C.M.,…...
mlaWorks Cited
Arata, C.M., J. Stafford, and M.S. Tims. "High School Drinking and Its Consequences." Adolescence 38.151 (2003): 567-79.
Borsari, B., and K.B. Carey. "Peer Influences on College Drinking: A Review of the Research." J. Subst Abuse 13.4 (2001): 391-424.
Haydock, a. "Alcohol Education in Primary Schools." Nurs Stand 13.6 (1998): 43-6.
Makela, K. "Drinking, the Majority Fallacy, Cognitive Dissonance and Social Pressure." Addiction 92.6 (1997): 729-36.
Soul Cycle
It is a funny thing about how Soul Cycle and other usually over-priced fitness and similar classes pervade popular culture nowadays. It is also not all that uncommon to hear mentions of CrossFit and other fitness phenomenon in the normal daily lexicon of language. The author of this report will define whether popular workout classes meet the common definition of popular culture and why that might be the case. The author will talk about the thinkers talked about in the readings viewed Soul Cycle. hether the authors approve or disapprove of the nature of the classes will be discussed. The author will conclude with a revised personal perspective about the matter in its entirety. hile people becoming and keeping fit is a good thing, there are some aspects of Soul Cycle and similar classes that are a little concerning and perplexing.
Analysis
In the author's opinion, the over-priced fitness classes mentioned…...
mlaWorks Cited
Edwards, Tim. Cultural Theory. London: Sage Publications, 2007. Print.
Gans, Herbert J. Popular Culture And High Culture; An Analysis And Evaluation Of Taste. New York: Basic Books, 1975. Print.
Grigoriadis, Vanessa. 'The Cult-Y High Of Soulcycle -- "And The Sport'S Celebrity Following'. Vanity Fair. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Sept. 2015.
Horkheimer, Max, Theodor W Adorno, and Gunzelin Schmid Noerr. Dialectic Of Enlightenment. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002. Print.
Peer Pressure on Children / Teenagers
As part of the growing up process, children of pre-adolescence and teenage years begin to question adult standards and tend to distance themselves from their parents in order to develop their independent personalities. At this stage of their lives, it is only natural for them to turn to their peers for advice, guidance, and for using them as a sounding board to try out their new ideas and values. Conforming to the crowd is also an important consideration for most young people. As a result, they come under 'peer pressure' to do as others do. Although such peer pressure may not always be a negative influence, at times it leads to seriously negative consequences. In this paper I shall look at the growing up process, outline the negative and positive influence of peer pressure on teenagers, and discuss how parents can help to minimize its…...
mlaReferences
Bernstein, N. (2005). "Sex and peer pressure." MSNBC. Retrieved on May 22, 2005 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6867362/
Borba, M. (2005)."Bucking Peer Pressure." Keep Kids Healthy. Retrieved on May 22, 2005 from http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/parenting_tips/bucking_peer_pressure.html
Davis, J.L. (2003). "Teenagers: Why Do They Rebel?" WebMDHealth. Retrieved on May 22, 2005 from http://my.webmd.com/content/article/72/81675.htm
Lashbrook, J.T. (2000). Fitting In: Exploring the Emotional Dimension of Adolescent Peer Pressure. Adolescence, 35(140), 747. Retrieved May 25, 2005, from Questia database, http://www.questia.com .
Teens Abuse Drugs
Peer pressure is not simply a phase teens go through. "It can be a negative force in the lives of children and adolescents, often resulting in their experimentation with tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs." (Preparing Youth for Peer Pressure) This report was written to advocate my thesis: Teens abuse drugs because of peer pressure. Peer pressure for this report should be defined as the influence of peers or friends.
Drugs are a serious problem for teens today. "In 1997, one in 10 12- to 17-year-olds reported using marijuana or hashish in the prior month. One in 20 reported having used some other illicit drug, including cocaine, crack, heroin or LSD. By the time our teens become seniors in high school, half will have tried an illegal drug." (Horn) The average age of illegal drug initiation continues to decline and the time between initiation and onset is also narrowing.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Helping Your Teen Deal With Peer Pressure. Ed. PageWise. PageWise. 6 May 2004 http://ca.essortment.com/teenspeerspres_rkde.htm.
Horn, Wade F. "Drug Conversation an Eye-Opener for Dad." The Washington Times [Washington] December 15, 1998.
Morgan, H. Wayne. Drugs in America: A Social History, 1800-1980. Syracuse: Syracuse UP, 1981.
Preparing Youth for Peer Pressure. Ed. PRIMEDIA Company. PRIMEDIA Company. 6 May 2004 http://parentingteens.about.com/cs/peerpressure/?terms=positive+youth .
In conclusion, regardless of what the adolescent says about being fine or being self involved, parents need to be there to help them deal with the problems that come from puberty. They can also advice their children on issues they are facing and share their own experience as everyone has gone through puberty. They should also not ban the talk of sex as a lot of parents see it as a way of encouraging their children to indulge in premarital sexual activities. This will enable them give their children the correct advise instead of relying on their uninformed friends. It will enable their children develop positive self-esteem and body image which is important for their development.
eferences
Body Image and Adolescents (n.d.) retrieved 22 Apr. 2010, from www.epi.umn.edu/let/pubs/img/adol_ch13.pdf]
Encyclopedia of Children's Health. (2010). Definition: Adolescence. etrieved 22 Apr. from http://www.healthofchildren.com/A/Adolescence.html
Gutgesell, M.E., & Payne, N. (2004). Issues of Adolescent Psychological
Development in the 21st Century.…...
mlaReferences
Body Image and Adolescents (n.d.) retrieved 22 Apr. 2010, from www.epi.umn.edu/let/pubs/img/adol_ch13.pdf]
Encyclopedia of Children's Health. (2010). Definition: Adolescence. Retrieved 22 Apr. from http://www.healthofchildren.com/A/Adolescence.html
Gutgesell, M.E., & Payne, N. (2004). Issues of Adolescent Psychological
Development in the 21st Century. Paediatrics in Review, 25(3), 79-85.
Peers and Parental Influence
The issue of peer influence and pressure is one which has received considerable attention in recent research on child and adolescent development. There is a growing consensus that peer influence is just as, if not more, important in adolescence than parental guidance. Some researchers claim that peer pressure is more important for aspects of adolescent education than parental influences. As Anita M. Smith, Vice President of The Institute for Youth Development, has stated; "From the time children are toddlers participate in play groups, parents wonder and worry about what seems to be an ever powerful and permeating force in our children's lives - the influence of their peers." (Smith) There is also a realization of the influence and power of peer pressure among adolescents themselves." Most children freely acknowledge the reality of peer pressure in their lives. The majority of adolescents who participated in IYD focus groups…...
mlaWorks Cited
Adolescent Rebellion can be Quelled. May 22, 2007. http://kidsgrowth.com/resources/articledetail.cfm?id=56
Boujlaleb N. Adolescents and Peer Pressure. 2006. May 22, 2007. http://www.aui.ma/VPAA/cads/research/cad-research-student-06-adolescents-peer.pdf
Kawaguchi D. " Peer Effects on Substance Use Among American Teenagers."
Population Economics, 2, (2004): 351-367.
Of the almost 7,000 girls surveys, only a small percent exhibited behavior indicative of being overly concerned with body image.
The interpretation of the data is consistent, but does not totally support the unstated hypothesis that the media as well as peer pressure play a large part in how young girls feel about themselves and their body image. The conclusion they came to was that the media and peers have an influence on young girls and body image and that the media should use more models and women the look normal or like most of the young girls themselves so that eating disorder prevention programs can be more effective. The reality is that only one percent (1%) of the girls showed signs of behavior that was indicative of being affected by their peers and the media. However, a large percentage of this 1% did not show signs of improvement one…...
mlaReferences
Field, a.E., Camargo, Jr., C.A., Taylor, C.B., Berkey, C.S., Colditz, G.A. (1999). Relation of peer and media influences to the development of purging behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 153(11), 1184-1189.
Gerhard, T. (2008). Bias: Considerations for research practice. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65(22), 2159-2168.
Miller, K.D., Rahman, Z.U., Sledge, Jr., G.W. (2001). Selection bias in clinical trials. Breast Disease, 14(1), 31-40.
Winship, C.W., and Mare, R.D. (1992). Models for sample selection bias. Annual Review of Sociology, 18(1), 327-350.
Pressures to Conform or Obey
Western nations pride themselves on allowing their citizens freedom to choose for themselves their paths and destinies. However, psychological and sociological pressures often trump government-granted freedoms, especially in certain situations.
Sociology is the examination of the social lives of humans, groups, and societies, often defined as the study of social interactions. It is a relatively new academic discipline that evolved in the early 19th century throughout Europe and America. It deals with the social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions.
In fact, sociology is concerned with our behavior as social beings; as a result the sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the examination of global social processes. In a broad sense, sociology manifests the scientific examination of social groups, the entities through…...
mlaBibliography
Orwell, George. (1949). 1984. New York: Bantam.
Janis, Irving. (1972). Groupthink. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Aperture. (2005). The New Workplace. New York: Aperture.
KidsHealth.org. (2005). Dealing with peer pressure. http://kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/friend/peer_pressure.html .
Peer Advisement Program at Queens College attracted me when I heard about it through other students. I have friends and relatives who have gone through the program with various problems related to school and home and they have always come away with excellent solutions and plans of actions for those problems. I was attracted because of the information I received about the program from my fellow students and I decided I would like to be a part of any team that succeeds in helping students help themselves.
What is it you that you hope to gain from being a Peer Adviser?
I hope to gain insight through being a Peer Adviser about the profession of counseling. I have always enjoyed assisting friends and family members figure out how to address problems they encountered. Through this interaction, the field of counseling has tugged at the back of my mind for many years. Whether…...
This has affected me in many ways. I'm afraid to spend money, and I am stressed about rising gas prices and that kind of thing that I have no control over. I do not drive very much, I try to eat very cheaply, and yet, it seems that worry about money and about school has pretty much taken over my life.
A final pressure I am feeling right now is family pressure. It is not nearly as bad as the other two pressures going on in my life, but it is there, and it certainly affects me. My parents expect me to do well in college, and to get a good job. They have always put pressure on me to get good grades, and in high school, that was easy. My classes are harder now, and my grades are not as good as they were in high school. I feel…...
Cyberbullying is an extremely popular topic for academic essays and speeches. In fact, we have several example essays on the cyberbullying and bullying. It is similar to traditional in-person bullying in many ways, but because of the reach of internet devices it is often considered more serious and damaging than many methods of in-person bullying. That is because victims describe being unable to get away from cyberbullying and to the fact that once it is online, the it is permanent. This has led to people taking a more serious approach to bullying. Here is an....
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