It will focus discovering the treatment option, or combination of options that results in the lowest incidence of recidivism for the longest period following the treatment. It is difficult to predict future events, therefore the research will take a historical perspective on the problem.
This study will compare recidivism rates for the four most common treatments used for pedophile offenders. It will only consider treatment for those that were convicted of their crimes. It will compare those that received group therapy only, cognitive behavioral therapy only, treatment with SSIs only, and chemical castration only. Many treatment plans include a combination of treatments. Therefore, a comparison of the most common treatment combinations found during the course of the research will be compared as well. The most common treatment combinations include Group therapy and cognitive therapy, SSIs and cognitive therapy, chemical castration and cognitive therapy. The most common combination treatment involves use…...
mlaReferences
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition), 302.2.
Barbaree, H.E., & Seto, M.C. (1997). Pedophilia: Assessment and Treatment. Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. 175-193.
Berlin, F. (2000). Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation. Am J. Psychiatry 157: 838.
Bradford, J.M.W. (2000). The Treatment of Sexual Deviation Using a Pharmacological Approach.
Introduction
Few psychological disorders are as stigmatized as pedophilia. From the Greek meaning “love of children,” pedophilia is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as “recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children,” (Muller, 2016, p. 1). The media perpetuates stigma by semantically linking pedophilia with child sexual abuse or child molestation. In fact, pedophilia refers only to the desire or fantasy, but not to the behavior. Differentiating between pedophilia and child molestation is important both for dispelling myths and for promoting effective interventions for people with pedophilia.
What is Pedophilia?
Pedophilia literally meals love of children, but more specifically refers to having a sexual attracting to children. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual describes pedophilia as “recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children,” (Muller, 2016, p. 1). For a brief time…...
mlaReferences
Berlin, F.S. (2014). Pedophilia and DSM-V. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 42:404 –7, 2014. Carroll, J. (2015). Screw-turnizing the Governess’s touching story. Sigma Tau Delta Review 12(2015): 16-29. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36879703/review.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1519442786&Signature=4O3HxQm%2BiSNZrbwU90A1BrKxEzA%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Horror_of_My_Other_Self_Transformat.pdf#page=16Fazio, R.L., Dyshniku, F., Lykins, A.D., et al (2015). Leg length versus torso length in pedophilia. Sexual Abuse 29(5): 500-514.Firsthand Productions (2016). I, Pedophile. CBC. http://www.cbc.ca/firsthand/features/four-misconceptions-about-pedophilesHall, R.C.W. & Hall, R.C.W. (2007). A profile of pedophilia. Mayo Clinical Proceedings 82(4): 457-471.Harper, C.A., Bartels, R.M. & Hogue, T.E. (2016). Reducing stigma and punitive attitudes toward pedophiles through narrative humanization. Sexual Abuse, https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063216681561Imhoff, R. & Jahnke, S. (2017). Determinants of Punitive Attitudes Toward People with Pedophilia: Dissecting Effects of the Label and Intentionality Ascriptions. Archieves of Sexual Behavior 47(2): 353-361.Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R. & Hoyer, J. (2015). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia. Archives of Sexual Behavior 44(1): 21-34.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.881.9053&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Paraphila
The ancient philosopher Plato claimed that all immoral behavior was the result of some disorder in the soul (Gert and Culver, 2009, p. 489). Although very few people now hold this view, deviant sexual behavior is often considered symptomatic of a mental disorder. However, not all deviant behaviors fit the clinical definition. For example, if a heterosexual man becomes aroused by dressing in women's clothing, it is considered by most people to be abnormal behavior. However, his behavior may be ego-syntonic, meaning that the man is not troubled by either the impulses or by acting them out. Such an individual would not seek treatment. He is not a danger to himself or to anyone else and unless there were objections on the part of his wife or significant other, there is no compelling reason, in the man's mind, to manage his impulses or behavior. As Bhugra and McMullen (2010, p.…...
mlaReferences
Bhugra, D., Popelyuk, D., and McMullen, I. (2010). Paraphilas across cultures: Contexts and controversies. Journal of Sex Research 47(2-3), pp. 242-256.
Gert, B., and Culver, C.M. (2009). Sex, immorality, and mental disorders. Journal of Medicine & Philosophy 34(5), pp. 487-495.
Gordon, H. (2008). The treatment of paraphilias: An historical perspective. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health 18(2), pp. 79-87.
Hall, Ryan C.W., and Hall, Richard C.W. (2007). A profile of pedophilia: Definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes and forensic issues.
Premature Sexualisation
Public hysteria or "sex panic" involving the "sexualisation" of children may be getting a decent outing in Australia at the present moment, but it is certainly nothing new: fifty years ago it was Elvis Presley's hips that portended imminent moral collapse, two hundred and fifty and a dance craze called the "waltz" was considered immodest and the "emo kids" of the late eighteenth century were committing suicide after reading The Sorrows of Young Werther. The more recent alarmism -- typified by Emma Rush and Andrea La Nauze's discussion paper on the "sexualisation of children" in the media, or Miranda Devine's predictable whipping-up of outrage over the 2008 ill Henson photo exhibition -- is nothing new in this regard. (At this point, the new youth-related sex scandals can barely keep up with advances in technology, as the Saint Kilda's schoolgirl suddenly resorts to apologizing via YouTube, after conducting a…...
mlaBibliography
Crews, Frederick. (1995). The Memory Wars: Freud's Legacy in Dispute. New York: New York Review of Books Editions.
Devine, Miranda. (2008). "Moral Backlash Over Sexing Up Of Children." Sydney Morning Herald 22 May 2008.
www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/moral-backlash-over-sexing-up-of-our-children/2008/05/21/1211182891875.html?
Egan, R. Danielle and Gail Hawkes. 2008. "Endangered Girls and Incendiary Objects: Unpacking the Discourse on Sexualization." Sexuality and Culture (December 2008) 12.4: 291-311.
Celibacy and Sexual Deviance by Priests
Many psychologists have suggested that clergy who take a vow of celibacy are more likely to engage in sexual deviance than clergy who are allowed to marry. Many others argue that this is completely untrue. This research paper aims to examine these points-of-view to either prove or disprove the relationship between celibacy and sexual deviances by priests.
In today's society, the Catholic Church is confronted with two important issues regarding sexuality. The first is the scandal of sexual abuse of children by priests, which is a highly publicized issue that it damaging the reputation of the Catholic Church in the United States. The second is the question of whether priest should take a vow of celibacy and remain unmarried.
In order to fully address this hypothesis, it is important to address these questions but not regard them as two aspects of one problem.
While the number of priests…...
mlaBibliography
Berry, Jason. Lead Us Not Into Temptation: Catholic Priests and the Sexual Abuse of Children. Doubleday, 1992.
Burkett, Elinor, and Frank Bruni. A Gospel of Shame: Children, Sexual Abuse, and the Catholic Church. Viking, 1993.
Hudson, Dean. Ten Myths About Priestly Pedophilia. Crisis, July, 2001.
Isely, P. Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church: A Historical and Contemporary Review. Pastoral Psychology, 1997.
Internet Luring and Pedophiles
hile criminals have been escaping justice on the basis of technicalities for decades, when it comes to sexual predators of children using the Internet, some judges are blazing new trails into the terrain of protecting the criminals and punishing the victims, and diminishing the results of police work as well. In Maryland, recently, a judge "overturned the conviction of a man arrested after he traveled to meet with a state trooper who had posed online as a teen-age girl. The judge said the trooper did not meet the criteria of a victim." (Drake 2001)
To say that sting operation resulted in a big zero is putting it mildly. The predator was not only free to lure victims again; he could be pretty certain he'd get away with it because it was unlikely, at least in Maryland, that the 'victim' would be an undercover cop.
No wonder Laura Lippman, former…...
mlaWorks Cited
Docherty, Alan. "Don't shoot the messenger." New Statesman 19 Aug. 2002: 15.
Drake, John. "Anti-pedophile unit prowls the Web. The Washington Times. May 29, 2001. Page Number: 4.
Fagan, Amy. "Lawmen ask help on online pedophiles: Schools, parents urged to join fight against Internet predators." The Washington Times 8 Nov. 1997: 3.
Hersh, Melanie L. "Is COPA a cop out? The Child Online Privacy Protection Act as proof that parents, not government should be protecting children's interests on the Internet." Fordham Urban Law Journal 28.6 (2001): 1831+.
I also predicted that the difference in heterosocial competence between child molesters and non-sex-offenders would be significantly larger than the difference between rapists and non-sex-offenders. This hypothesis was also supported (Dreznick, 2003,pg 170)."
The researcher also hypothesized that the variation in heterosocial competence amongst child molesters and nonincarcerated non-sex-offenders would be considerably larger than the variation amongst child molesters and incarcerated non-sex-offenders (Dreznick, 2003). The findings of the meta-analysis were consistent with this hypothesis.
The author of this meta-analysis concluded that because child molesters have significant problems with heterosocial skills social skills training may assist in the treatment of these individuals. However the author points out that the treatment of heterosocial skills is only one component of an overall treatment program. Other components of a treatment program may include anger management and increasing empathy for the children that are victimized (Dreznick, 2003).
Additionally the author points out certain limitations of the study.…...
mlaBibliography
Denov, M.S. (2003). The Myth of Innocence: Sexual Scripts and the Recognition of Child Sexual Abuse by Female Perpetrators. The Journal of Sex Research, 40(3), 303+.
In this work Denov argues that the traditional sexual scripts for women prevent society from viewing women as sexual predators. The author uses existing research concerning female predators to prove this assertion. The author concludes that female child molesters exist on a much larger scale than has been generally accepted.
Dreznick, M.T. (2003). Heterosocial Competence of Rapists and Child Molesters: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 40(2), 170+.
In this meta-analysis the author investigates the correlation between heterosocial competence and child molestation. The author combined the results of several existing studies to illustrate this correlation. Dreznick found that a lack of heterosocial competence contribute to the decision to molest children.
("Supreme Court ejects..." 2002) More constitutional problems have been encountered in the law's battle against child pornography as a federal court in September 2004 outlawed a Pennsylvania State law that required internet service providers (ISPs) to block websites containing child pornography. The Court considered the technology used in the blocking of such sites as clumsy that could cause "massive suppression" of constitutionally protected speech.
Apart from conducting a legal "balancing act" between the protection of children from sexual exploitation against the protection of free speech and free thought by the law makers, the campaign against child porn on the Internet is also hampered by its "borderless" characteristics. In order to counter differences in porn laws of different countries that prevented prosecution of child porn offenders, the United Nations General Assembly adopted an Optional Protocol on the ights of the Child, on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography…...
mlaReferences
FAQ on Child Pornography on the Internet." (2004). Antichildporn.org (ACPO). Retrieved on February 7, 2005 at http://www.antichildporn.org/faq-on-cp.htm
Internet Crimes against Children." (2001). U.S. Department of Justice. Updated December 28, 2004. Retrieved on February 7, 2005 at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/bulletins/internet_2_2001/welcome.html
Kid Porn Easier to Get and Share." (2002). Protecting Children Online: CBS News. June 25, 2002. Retrieved on February 7, 2005 at http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/06/25/eveningnews/main513313.shtml
Magid, Larry. (2002). "Net users can help fight child porn." Mercury News. March 21, 2002. Retrieved on February 7, 2005 at http://www.pcanswer.com/articles/sjm_childporn.htm
hurt your children; I love your children.' So thundered Fr. Percival D'Silva, trembling, in his sermon at the lessed Sacrament Church in Chevy Chase, MD," wrote Maureen Dowd in her weekly column in the New York Times (Dowd, 2002). Fr. Percival has been one of the few to speak out against the defensive attitude of the Catholic Church -- one of obfuscation, dishonesty and callousness to the victims. Fr. Percival called for Cardinal ernard Law of oston, co-indicted in several child abuse cases, to resign.
The Catholic Church has been rocked recently by allegations of sexual abuses -- especially against children. The problem is not isolated but all pervading. The cases of child, sexual abuses are about the same percentage as the general population. Most of the cases are not, in the strictest sense pedophilic -- sex with pre-pubescent children, but ephebophilia -- abuse of adolescent children. In a comprehensive…...
mlaBibliography
Biechler, James E. (1999) "A Question of Rights: Celibacy and Pedophilia" Extracted from web site: http://astro.ocis.temple.edu/~arcc/rights7.htm
Cannon, Angie & Sheler, Jeffery L. (2002) "Catholics in Crisis." U.S. News & World Report,
April 1.
Dowd, Maureen (2002) "Rome Fiddles, We Burn." New York Times, March 27.
Sexual Violent Predators Act
The state of Kansas enacted the Sexually Violent Predators Act on May 11, 1994 which attempted a procedure for the civil commitment of sexually violent predators. The law stated that because there was a small number of individuals who engage in violent sexual predation, and that these persons have a high likelihood of repeating their crimes but because they did not have a mental disease or defect which could allow for their commitment to a treatment facility, there was a need for a way to keep these individuals in confinement. As a result the Kansas legislature enacted the Sexually Violent Predators Act which "sets forth a procedure for the involuntary commitment of individuals who had been convicted and incarcerated for a sexually violent offense." (King 1438) In effect the state of Kansas wanted a way to keep violent sexual predators incarcerated beyond their sentences and created a…...
mlaWorks Cited
Hunt, Derald, and Devallis Rutledge. California Criminal Law Concepts. Pearson Learning Solutions, 2013. Print.
Kansas v. Hendricks. 521 U.S. 346. Supreme Court of the United States. 1997. Legal
Information Institute. Web 7 April 2014.
Addictive Virus" -- later to become the thirteenth chapter of their bestselling book Affluenza -- John De Graaf, David ann, and Thomas H. Naylor engage in a highly rhetorical comparison of addictive shopping to physical addictions such as alcoholism and drug addiction and behavioral addictions like compulsive gambling. It becomes clear shortly into their paper that their purpose is largely alarmist and moralistic, rather than medically or therapeutically intended: none of the authors has any medical or psychiatric credentials. I hope by addressing three aspects of their paper -- their rhetorical strategy, their shifts in focus, and in particular their examples presented as evidence, particularly their closing example -- that I may show the ways in which their thoughts actually confuse rather than clarify issues of behavioral addiction.
The title alone of the essay gives, in miniature, a fair taste of De Graaf et al.'s rhetorical strategy: the phrase "the…...
mlaWorks Cited
Boyer, Peter J. "The Deliverer: A Pizza Mogul Funds a Moral Crusade." The New Yorker Feb 19, 2007. Accessed 10 Feb 2011 at: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/02/19/070219fa_fact_boyer#ixzz1DejZemmm
De Graaf John, Wann, David, and Naylor, Thomas H. "The Addictive Virus." In Maasik, Sonia and Solomon, Jack, Signs of Life in the U.S.A.: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. Sixth Edition. New York: Beford St. Martin's, 2008. 71-5.
In addition, the threat of being placed in an adult facility not only doesn't lower crime rates among juveniles, but increases their chances of recidivism and violent behavior (Elikann, 1999). As one critic of the current laws stated: "This country's laws recognize that juveniles are too young to drink alcohol, vote, engage in legal contracts and enter into marriage, all because they are still developing mentally and emotionally" (Bilchik, 2003). Yet today, approximately 200,000 young offenders are funneled directly into the adult court system, "the majority for property crimes and drug-related offenses" (Bilchik, 2003). Sadly, while there are situations in which even an adolescent is a "lost cause" and must be kept locked away, the great majority of cases in which juveniles are tried as adults are unnecessary and unwise (Elikann, 1999). Granted, the juvenile justice system is overloaded and needs to change, but channeling children into the adult…...
mlaReferences
Biden, J. (2). Attacking Youth Violence. Criminal Justice Ethics, 17 (1), 1998.
Bilchik, S. (2003). Sentencing Juveniles to Adult Facilities Fails Youths and Society. Corrections Today, 65 (2), 21.
Elikann, P. (1999). Superpredators: The Demonization of Our Children by the Law. Reading, MA: Perseus.
Feld, B. (1997). Abolish the Juvenile Court: Youthfulness, Criminal Responsibility, and Sentencing Policy. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88 (1), 68-136.
However, while I see that Boy Scouts has helped develop my empathy and my planning ability, I know that I continue to struggle with my ability to frame concepts for a group. Servant leadership is not about asserting power, but about developing rightful authority. ather than force a group to do the leader's bidding, a servant leader's role is to persuade people to follow the leader's path. However, it is not really the leader's path that he asks people to follow. On the contrary, because a servant leader listens to people, respects all members of the group, and considers short- and long-term consequences, the path that the servant leader proposes should be one that is best for the group. Of course, that path may not seem best to the group because of competing interests, short-term worldview, or the fact that every plan is going to have pluses and minuses for…...
mlaReferences
Bennis, W., and Thomas, R. (2007). Leading for a lifetime: how defining moments shape leaders of today and tomorrow. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Cress, C., Collier, P., and Reitenauer, V. (2005). Learning through serving: a student guidebook for service-learning across the disciplines. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
Greenleaf, R. (2002). Servant leadership: a journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.
Komives, S., and Wagner, W. (2009). Leadership for a better world: understanding the social change model of leadership development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Second, the Internet allows access to the world and therefore a pedophile can pray on a victim that lives 1000 miles away just as easily as if the intended victim were next door. Technology virtually obliterates geographic distance. A cyberpredator can in fact be more alluring for a disenchanted youth by offering a plane ticket to some exotic location. The enticement of being independent might cause some naive adolescents to travel to meet the cyberpredator, or the cyberpredator can also arrange to fly long distances to meet the intended victim in person.
Third, technology enables long-term and intimate communications that would otherwise not be possible. It would be far more difficult to "groom" children without the Internet except when the pedophile is a member of that child's family or immediate social network without attracting attention. Online grooming can take place over a long period of time, giving the child a chance…...
mlaReferences
Ohio Attorney General. "Internet Safety and Cyber Predator Awareness." Retrieved April 20, 2007 at http://www.ag.state.oh.us/citizen/isafety/index.asp
However, for a non-pedophile child molester, sex drive may have little to do with the assaults and chemical castration may result in the child being sexually assaulted with objects or physically assaulted instead of sexually assaulted. Therefore, before one could attempt to answer this question, it would be critical to know what proportion of convicted child sex offenders are also pedophiles.
Discussion 2: Explanations for Elder Abuse
Which of the theories presented in Chapter 9 of the text explaining elder abuse do you find to be most compelling? Explain.
Before answering this question, be sure to review the PowerPoint presentation on Elder Maltreatment and read the relevant Handout.
Please post one original response. Each original response should be a minimum of 125 words in length.
Like any other type of family violence, there are numerous reasons that someone might engage in elder abuse. It seems clear that stress plays a role in elder abuse,…...
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