Addictive Paradigm
A paradigm is a conceptual model. It puts a frame around ideas and assumptions in order to give a sense of direction for understanding and action. In the field of alcoholism and addiction, the frames of reference most commonly used until recently have encased pictures in the frames of the personal: struggles, challenges, control and acceptance that come with looking alcohol and what it does to one as an individual. It is the "me" who is powerless against this mysterious (though possibly biochemical) force of compulsion, and thus it is "I" who must come to terms with the reality it imposes. The step programs that most people know reflect this understanding and take the initiative to bring together people who are framed by a similar life.

A different picture gets framed when one looks at the issues of drugs and addiction from a social constructs perspective; a conceptualization that turns…...

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REFERENCES

Adams, J. (2008). Fragmented Intimacy: Addiction in a social world. Springer Science. Auckland, NZ.

Wikipedia (2011). Framing (Social Sciences). Viewable at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_ (social_sciences).

They would do so in a fashion ideally, so as to not merely prepare students to take the test in rote fashion, but to make the new information a vital part of the extant educational process. (SEDL, 2004)
Such instructional leadership is subject to quality controls in-house. As part of the paradigm, public school teachers are consistently and regularly evaluated by administers, while administers receive feedback in a concrete and constructive fashion through evaluations by instructors, students, and parents that come into contact with them. Learning becomes a holistic experience of the school, and there is a strong trust, responsibility and faith placed in teachers by administers as teachers are assumed to have a vested interest in, and a sense of history of, the school community.

It is said that "while administrators' visions tend to focus on district- or school- wide instructional issues, teachers' visions tend to address teacher roles and…...

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Works Cited

Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL) (2004) "Leadership Characteristics that Promote School Change." Official SEDL Website. Retrieved 4 Dec 2004 at  http://www.sedl.org/change/leadership/character.html

The rules of this paradigm are that government usually perform formal inquiries because they hope to establish trends for funding or new educational models, while social research does not have to follow these rules, instead, they study social problems and divides that affect adult and distance learners, and seek to solve those problems through social change and reorganization.
Finally, the paradigm that exists between the institution and the adult learner is often one of opposition, rather than support. Research shows that the institution has certain requirements or "rules" that the student must follow, such as number of credits taken, types of classes to take for a degree, and even counseling and number of lessons per course requirements. These all tend to serve the institution's needs and perspectives, while ignoring the needs and perspectives of the learner. This paradigm needs to change as well, because it does not create a framework…...

An article of the Physics Department at the Weber State University argues that Kuhn's complicated view is due to the essential nebulous character of the paradigm itself. Given this situation then, the authors at the Weber University argue that Kuhn's model is not entirely applicable as one cannot entirely know the features and characteristics of a paradigm, such as its components or its evolution. They go on by offering the example of the atoms, which, despite the extensive years of research and analysis, continue to be used in terms of assumption and controlled experiments. Given this situation, in which it may be difficult to control and foresee the movement and actions of atoms, the professors at Weber conclude that it is rather impossible to foresee the evolution of science as a whole, and even less so include it in a paradigm.

The final critique brought to Kuhn relies in the actual…...

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James Franklin (2000) looks at Kuhn's work from a different angle, and finds that the paradigm theory is the same in science as it is in terms of human interactions: "Kuhn's thesis is that scientific theories are no better than ones in the humanities. The idea that science is all theoretical talk and negotiation, which never really establishes anything, is one that caused trouble long ago for Galileo." Furthermore, Franklin looks at the content of the book and finds several inconsistencies. Probably the most relevant example in this sense is constituted by the classification of several "unsustainable" theories. The author of the article points out that Kuhn did not clarify the understanding of the appellative "unsustainable," nor its context, be it logic or philosophical. Either way, Franklin argues that the use of this adjective in the given context is inappropriate. "If it means that there are a number of observed results that would be unlikely if the theory were true, then one is back in the realm of logic, of the bad old philosophy of science that studied the relation of evidence to hypothesis. Naturally, Kuhn is not keen to emphasize that direction. But if "unsustainable" is a purely psychological matter, a kind of collective disgust by a salon des refuses of younger scientists who simply think their elders are too smug, then it is impossible to see why it should have any standing as science" (Franklin).

An article of the Physics Department at the Weber State University argues that Kuhn's complicated view is due to the essential nebulous character of the paradigm itself. Given this situation then, the authors at the Weber University argue that Kuhn's model is not entirely applicable as one cannot entirely know the features and characteristics of a paradigm, such as its components or its evolution. They go on by offering the example of the atoms, which, despite the extensive years of research and analysis, continue to be used in terms of assumption and controlled experiments. Given this situation, in which it may be difficult to control and foresee the movement and actions of atoms, the professors at Weber conclude that it is rather impossible to foresee the evolution of science as a whole, and even less so include it in a paradigm.

The final critique brought to Kuhn relies in the actual choice of words. Critics argue that the concept of paradigm is generally vague, and as such fails to offer consistency and reliability throughout the research and theory formulation process. Despite this criticism however, the author of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions promoted the concept of paradigm in its understanding of "a collection of beliefs shared by scientists, a set of agreements about how problems are to be understood" (Emory University, Division of Educational Studies).

Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American scientist, historian and philosopher who wrote a controversial book in 1962 called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and from an early age expressed interest in science, particularly physics; obtaining his BS degree in physics from Harvard in 1943. He stayed at Harvard for his MS and PhD, and credits the period of the late 1940s in helping him develop his views on the history and philosophy of science. He taught at Berkeley until 1964, and then moved to Princeton from 1964 to 1979, moving to MIT until 1991. Kuhn died in 1996 from lung cancer, but left a long tradition of scientific articles, books and student input (Fuller, 2000)
This book introduced the term "paradigm shift" and made several claims surrounding the manner in which we understand scientific knowledge, process that knowledge, and use that knowledge to come up…...

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Works Cited

Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains. (2011, June). Retrieved from nwlink.com:  http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html 

Fuller, S. (2000). ThomasKuhn: A Philosophical History From Our Time.

Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Gould, S. (2007, March). Puntuated Equilibrium. Retrieved from PBS.org:

From forms of development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of social revolution. The changes in the economic foundation lead sooner or later to the transformation of the whole immense superstructure." (Marx, p. 1)
This ideology would give way to more focused application of the Conflict Paradigm in smaller-scale contexts. For example, the text by Dhami & Olsson (2008) reports, Egon Brunswick first and Kenneth Hammond thereafter, would be instrumental in making the Social Conflict Theory applicable to interpersonal relations. Here, both thinkers advanced the concept that conflict may be understood also as the natural state of relations between individuals. This conflict may not be inherently hostile in nature but both thinkers bring research to the notion that 'cognitive conflict' finds individuals sometimes at cross-purposes even when working cooperatively. The text by Dhami & Olsson notes, "for instance, different parties may have…...

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Works Cited:

Dhami, M.K. & Olsson, H. (2008). Evolution of the Interpersonal Conflict Paradigm. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(7).

Marx, K. (1859). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Marxists.org.

"This means that there will be as many different forms of postmodernism as there were high modernisms in place, since the former are at least initially specific and local reactions against those models."
One of the key transitional moments from modernism to postmodernism, frequently cited by a number of sources, is Marcel Duchamp's decision to display a urinal in an art gallery; this disruptive moment effectively shattered previous paradigms, thus giving way to an "opening up" of boundaries in art that Duchamp perceived as restrictive.

In art, one of the more recognizable features of postmodernism is pastiche.

Pastiche is contingent on the paradigm of "the death of the author," or the end of individualism, as it was previously known under Modernism. As it is impossible to be original, to have a unique style because "everything has been done before," postmodernist discourse is concerned with using previous styles in a playful fashion, almost…...

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Works Cited

Jameson, Frederic. "Postmodernism and Consumer Society." Retrieved May 14, 2008, at http://evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com/jameson_postmodernism_consumer.htm.

Kermode, Frank. The Sense of an Ending. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Kermode, p. 24.

Jameson.

Transactionally, leaders work with their followers rather than mandating the rules and regulations of the company. Instead there is a respect and consideration for each individual within the company. Each individual's needs, abilities and aspirations are taken into account to ensure that each person enjoys work satisfaction. Entities such as labor unions and other committees focused on the needs of the worker have been instated as part of this paradigm.

The transactional-functional paradigm of management thus incorporates all the social ideals that have evolved in society over the last century. Leadership has changed from autocratic and traditional to a more flexible paradigm. It is therefore clear that management has evolved to accommodate the society within which companies function.

Evolution thus ensures the survival not only of a species, but also of a company in business. The transactional-transformational paradigm in its very nature entails evolution. It is a transaction between managers and their…...

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Bibliography

Beal, George M, Joe M. Bohlen, and J. Neil Raudabaugh.

Leadership and dynamic group action.

Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1963.

Fiedler, Fred E. And Chemers, Martin M. Leadership and effective management. Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman and co., 1974.

Sociological Paradigms: Structural Functionalism, Conflict, And Symbolic Interactionism
In the field of sociology, there are three paradigms that reflect the ideologies, concepts and ideas prevalently used in sociological studies and research: structural functionalism, social conflict and symbolic interactionism. These paradigms are categorized as such because of their differences; however, they also complement each other because each provides information and explanation about social phenomena in various perspectives. Hence, each paradigm complements the other.

Structural functionalism is the first paradigm that emerged from study of sociology. Structural functionalism was patterned after the principle of empiricism, wherein objectivity and scientific and logical thinking are valued. Structural functionalists believe that social phenomena can be explained objectively and empirically. An objective explanation of social phenomenon involves looking at the phenomenon based on information that is observed by the social scientist. Thus, one must gather facts and information that proves how such phenomenon occurs -- to know why…...

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Bibliography

McClelland, K. (2000). "Theoretical perspectives in Sociology." Available at  http://web.grinnell.edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/IntroTheoriesIndex.html .

He describes Kuhn's specific concepts and shows the philosopher's evolution in thought on the topic. The Encyclopedia of Social Theory has as its objective the education of people searching for information on a specific topic. As such, the site is useful for those looking for information on Kuhn. The site also appears reliable, as it is part of a large network of articles. The author also cites a variety of sources as the basis of his writing.
ilson, Kenneth G. (2001). Review: The Road since Structure: Philosophical Essays, 1970-1993, with an Autobiographical Interview and Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History of Our Times in Physics Today:

http://www.physicstoday.org/pt/vol-54/iss-3/p53.html

The review begins by addressing the issue of history and how it relates to science. This is made relevant to Kuhn's concept of the paradigm, and how paradigm shifts are a necessary part of historical development. It is a useful site, in that it provides not…...

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Wilson, Kenneth G. (2001). Review: The Road since Structure: Philosophical Essays, 1970-1993, with an Autobiographical Interview and Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History of Our Times in Physics Today:

http://www.physicstoday.org/pt/vol-54/iss-3/p53.html

The review begins by addressing the issue of history and how it relates to science. This is made relevant to Kuhn's concept of the paradigm, and how paradigm shifts are a necessary part of historical development. It is a useful site, in that it provides not only an overview of current works relating to Kuhn's views, but also a multiplicity of dimensions relating to these views. Indeed the review describes potential shortcomings in Kuhn's concept, in that it does not address a very wide range of actions needed to accomplish a true paradigm shift. The author does concede Kuhn's vast contribution to the field of studying science. In general, the Physics Today site exists to inform students of science regarding developments and studies in the field. Hence I believe that it is both a useful and legitimate site, in that it addresses more than one point of vies relating to Kuhn's concept. The site is legitimized not only by the fact that it appears in Physics Today, but also by the fact that it focuses on the sources reviewed, rather than solely on the author's opinions.

EDUCATION ADMINISTATION Education Administration: (My) Paradigm eflection PaperA paradigm makes the foundation of how we perceive the world and define it. Our behaviors toward the information gained from the world around us are created by the observations and experiences while living in it. However, some limitations and misrepresentations are imposed by the socially accustomed nature. This paper aims to reflect on the identified paradigm, certain conceptual frameworks, theories, and models incorporated in my doctoral program. It would play a possible role in my future research.I have come across theconstructivist paradigmso far in my doctoral program since I feel we have been given opportunities through which we could learn based on experiences and the knowledge gained from seeing the world through our own eyes (Guba & Lincoln, 2005, p. 195). The reflection of those experiences was built distinctly as this is the basis of the analogy that people infer their meanings…...

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ReferencesAdom, D., Yeboah, A. & Ankrah, A.K. (2016). Constructivism philosophical paradigm: Implication for research, teaching, and learning. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(10), 1-9. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 191–215). Sage Publications Ltd.McGregor, S.L.T. (2018). Understanding and evaluating research: A critical guide. Sage Publications. Ritchie, R. (1995). Constructive action research: A perspective on the process of learning. Educational Action Research, 3(3), 305-322. P. & Hambacher, E. (2014). Authenticity in constructivist inquiry: Assessing an elusive construct. The Qualitative Report, 19(26), 1-13.  https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1418https://doi.org/10.1080/0965079950030305Shamon,

Private companies, however, must begin to take more of this burden on themselves in order to streamline procedures at these points of entry; the more prepared and well-documented each vessel is, the less time (and therefore money) they will have to spend at the various points of entry proving their compliance and security reliability (Lake 2004).
In the ever-changing world of the twenty-first century, corporations and other business entities must begin to shoulder more of the burden of both world and personal security, as their resources far outstrip those of even some of the largest governments, especially when it comes to the ability to deal with their own specific products, vessels, and issues. This new security paradigm does not eliminate the need for government intervention in security -- far from it, in fact -- but it does require a greater deal of planning and cooperation with business entities.

eferences

Intergraph (2009). "Transportation:…...

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References

Intergraph (2009). "Transportation: Secure, manage, and maintain your transportation network." Accessed 24 October 2009.  http://www.intergraph.com/transportation/default.aspx 

Lake, J. (2004). 'Border and Transportation Security: Overview of Congressional Issues." Congressional research service. Accessed 24 October 2009.  http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/RL32705.pdf 

Puget Sound Business Journal (PSBJ) (2009). "Logistics & transportation news." Accessed 24 October 2009.  http://seattle.bizjournals.com/seattle/industries/logistics_transportation/general

theoretical paradigms: symbolic interaction approach, structural-function approach ( identifying manifest function, latent functions, social latent dysfunction) social-conflict approach analyzing euthanasia.
Euthanasia

There is presently much controversy regarding the topic of euthanasia as even though the process gathered many supporters, most of the general public continues to criticize it. It is difficult to determine the exact effect that euthanasia has on the patient, given that some might be unable to fully comprehend everything related to the medical procedure when they are the ones responsible for ordering it. Although some communities are likely to accept euthanasia as being moral, others are very probable to condemn it and relate to it as something that is particularly wrong. There are a series of factors influencing people's perspectives in regard to euthanasia, ranging from the cultural standards that they were accustomed with and until their social status. Examining euthanasia by using theoretical paradigms makes it easier…...

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Works cited:

Hammersley, Martyn. The Dilemma of Qualitative Method: Herbert Blumer and the Chicago Tradition (London: Routledge, 1990)

Tucker, Robert C. Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1961)

Merton, Robert K. Broom, Leonard and Cottrell, Leonard S. eds., Sociology Today; Problems and Prospects (New York: Basic Books, 1959)

Sociology -- Theoretical Paradigms
The Structural-Functionality of the Poor and Poverty

In the study of sociology, three classical paradigms dominate the process of sociological analysis: structural-functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories. The structural-functionalist paradigm posits that individuals and groups in the society play specific roles in society that creates equilibrium to society's dysfunctions. The conflict theory, meanwhile, states that there exists, inevitably, oppression in the society, which results to a struggle by the oppressed group and social revolution that shall create reforms or changes in the society. Lastly, symbolic interactionism theorizes that symbols are the basis of life, and it is through interaction of these symbols that people reach an understanding of what s/he is and how society perceives him/her.

Given this set of paradigms in the study of sociology, this paper utilizes the structural-functionalist paradigm to discuss and analyze the role that the poor and poverty play in societies today. In discussing…...

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Bibliography

Gans, H. (1971). "The uses of poverty: the poor pay all." Available at: http://www.soc.duke.edu/~jcook/gans.html.

Lambert, B. "Free care for the poor varies widely in Nassau." The New York Times. Available at:  http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/26/nyregion/26charity.html .

Maharaj, D. "When the push for survival is a full-time job." Los Angeles Times. Available at:  http://www.latimes.com/news/specials/world/la-fg-work11jul11,0,7153984.story .

Zoroya, G. "Rise of drug trade threat to Afghanistan's security." USA Today. Available at:  http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-10-26-opium-afghanistan_x.htm .

The religious organization has other-worldly goals, but must adapt to the demands of this world in order to survive. There are generally two kinds of responses to this problem -- the church response and the sect response. The church response is to adapt at the expense of the goals and the sect response is value-rational-to maximize goal commitment at the expense of adaptation (Satow, 1975).
EXAMPLE NATUAL -- Management NEED in Business OGANIZATION

Theories and research concerned with individual performance, employee satisfaction, and reduction of tension between individual and organizational goals deal only with internal aspects of events, relationships, and structures that make up the total organizational system. However, if an organization is seen as an open-energy system, it is apparent that it is dependent for survival and growth upon a variety of energy transfers within the organization and also between the organization and its external environment. It is sure, then,…...

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References

Barnard, C. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University

Friedlander, F., and Pickle, H. (1968). Components of Effectiveness in Small Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly13(2), 289-304

Kanigel, Robert (1997). The One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency. New York:  http://www.leaonline.com/entityImage/?code=200B 

Kloos, B., McCoy, J., Stewart, E., Thomas R.E., Wiley, a., Good,- T.L., Hunt G.D., Moore, T. And Rappaport, J. (1997) Bridging the Gap: A Community-Based, Open Systems Approach to School and Neighborhood Consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 8(2), 175-196

First, we want to reassure you that being confused about nursing worldviews puts you in some good company.  Many nurse practitioners find that the approach that place worldviews at the beginning of nursing inquiry may actually be hampering the development of nursing scholarship and keeping the profession from evolving as quickly and as efficiently as it should.  In addition, the material can become very confusing because different authors use the words paradigm and worldview interchangeably, though they distinguish them from metaparadigms. 

Broadly stated, an individual’s worldview consists of the beliefs and assumptions that the person uses to interpret....

Servant leadership is one of the most highly touted theories of leadership in the last several decades.  It advocates that true leaders serve first.  While it is a secular leadership idea, it is often used in the context of religious leadership and religious leaders, with Jesus being sighted as the best example of a servant leader.  However, while this leadership paradigm is popular, servant leadership has some significant weaknesses that need to be acknowledged and addressed.  When they are, it becomes clear that servant leadership is not an appropriate model in all scenarios. 

One of the....

Title: Navigating the Crossroads of Authority: Exploring the Legitimacy and Limits of Power in Political Theory

Introduction:
At the crux of political theory lies the intricate interplay between authority and power, a dynamic relationship that has sparked debates and shaped paradigms for centuries. This essay delves into the multifaceted concept of legitimacy, interrogating the foundations of authority and the boundaries of power. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary perspectives, we will explore the challenges and complexities of legitimizing power, the tensions between various sources of authority, and the implications for political practice and social justice.

1. The Sources and Foundations of....

Title: "Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Healthcare: A Comprehensive Analysis of Healthcare in 2020 and 2021"

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Title: "The Healthcare Evolution: Analyzing the Impact of 2020-2021 on the Future of Patient Care"

Title: "Healthcare's Pivotal Moment: A Comprehensive Overview of the 2020-2021 Healthcare Journey"

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Title: "Healthcare's Metamorphosis: The....