Pain
As a neonatal intensive care nurse, I need to be aware of special considerations when working with my patients. Pain in neonates may have serious consequences for the development of the child, especially with regards to the serious risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006). Long-term pain could be indicators of serious issues. Because of this, "the prevention of pain in neonates should be the goal of all caregivers, because repeated painful exposures have the potential for deleterious consequences," (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006, p. 2231).

Barriers to optimal pain management begins with the fact that neonates cannot verbalize their pain, and therefore, depend on the astute observation and wisdom of others around them to recognize, assess, and manage pain (The oyal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 2015). Not all nurses may be familiar with the gamut of signs that indicate the presence of pain, especially those that are less experienced.…...

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References

American Academy of Pediatrics (2006). Prevention and management of pain in the neonate. Pediatrics 118(5): 2231-2241.

The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne (2015). Neonatal pain assessment. Retrieved online:  http://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Neonatal_Pain_Assessment/

Pain Management in Post-Operative Patients
Pain suffered patients undergoing surgery. The severity pain vary patient. It nurse caring patient postoperative phase manages patient's pain. Questions arise pain assessment, nurses estimation mismanagement patient pain, modes administration medical orders pain management suitable.

Pain Management in Post-Operative Patients

Effective pain control in post-operative patients is essential in ensuring patient's quick recovery, earlier mobilization and lower cost and higher patient satisfaction. The immune system of patients who have undergone surgery is suppressed owing to the surgery. The suppression is proportionate to the level of invasion by the surgery thereby, necessitating proportionate pain management measures. For effective post-operative pain management, consider the patient's physics, physiology, age and type of surgery (Vadivelu et al., 2010).

Tissue damage in surgical procedures is inevitable and results in pain to patients depending on their age, sex, and the degree of invasion by the surgery. Inadequacy of pain relief yields held up mobilization, further…...

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Reference

BUVANENDRAN, A., KROIN, J.S., DELLA VALLE, C.J. & KARI M. 2010. Perioperative oral pregabalin reduces chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. . Anesth Analg., 110, 199-207.

B-Y-KYILMAZ, F.E. 2010. Postoperative pain characteristics in Turkish orthopaedic patients. Pain Management Nursing, 11, 76-84.

ELVIR-LAZO, O.L. & WHITE, P.F. 2010. Postoperative pain management after ambulatory surgery: role of multimodal analgesia. Anesthesiol Clin, 28, 217-224.

HILL, C.W.L. & JONES, G.R. 2007. Strategic Management: An Intergrated Approach, Stamford, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Pain Management
Oregon State Board

Treatment Method for Pain Management

Treatment Method for Pain Management

Treatment Method for Pain Management

Education equirement by Oregon State Board of Nursing (OSBN)

The Oregon State Board of Nursing (OSBN) is responsible for checking and monitoring the education requirements of the registered nurses. There is a standard pain management requirement for every licensed health care provider in the state of Oregon regarding pain management. It has been made mandatory to complete seven hours of pain management. Out of which one hour should be of course offered by Oregon Pain Management Commission. This course is available online.

Selected Method for Pain Management

The method of pain management selected for discussion here in the paper is Acupuncture. This treatment has been used in various parts of Asia for centuries and has had some popularity in the world recently. While some are skeptical to this treatment, there are also many others who say the pain…...

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References

Hopwood V, Lewith G. (2003). Acupuncture trials and methodological considerations. Clinical Acupuncture Oriental Medicine, 3:192 -- 9.

Kaptchuk, Ted J. (2002). The placebo effect in alternative medicine: can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance? Ann Intern Med. 136(11):817 -- 825.

MacPherson H, White A, Cummings M, et al. (2002). Standards for reporting interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture: the STRICTA recommendations. Clinical Acupuncture Oriental Med, 3:6 -- 9.

Schnyer RN, Allen JJ. (2002). Bridging the gap in complementary and alternative medicine research: manualization as a means of promoting standardization and flexibility of treatment in clinical trials of acupuncture. Journal of Alternative Complement Medicine; 8:623 -- 34.

Moreover, fully three-quarters of the surveyed nurses reported that the lack of adequate assessment of cancer pain was a significant barrier to effective pain management, and almost as many (72%) reported a lack of clinician knowledge as representing yet another significant barrier to effective pain management (Vorthern and ard 1992). Given the complexity of the pain experience, helping caregivers provide appropriate levels of pain management is particularly challenging. Many caregivers may be reluctant to provide adequate levels of opioids for pain management in the home based on fears of addiction, levels of tolerance, potential side effects of the drugs and whether increased opioid treatment reflecting disease progression (Aranda et al. 2003). Although the sample used in their study was relatively small (n=75), Aranda et al. (2003) conclude that, "The increasing role of the family in managing the patient's pain in the home environment and a recognition that family beliefs…...

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Works Cited

Aranda, S. Yatesp, Edwards H., Skerman, K. And McCarthy, a. (2004). "Barriers to effective cancer pain management: a survey of Australian family caregivers."

European Journal of Cancer Care 13: 336 -- 343.

Baker, Kylie. (2005). "Recent advances in the neurophysiology of chronic pain."

Emergency Medicine Australasia 17: 65-72.

Hospice caregivers have moral obligations to the patient and the patient's caregivers. The author clarifies that in the hospice, the patient's family members are, in fact, the primary caregivers under the situation. The best that nurses can do is to use strategies, which will incorporate family members into delivering the best palliative care possible. Failure to achieve the best results can create much moral anguish and sense of failure in nurses. Nevertheless, nurses who resort to this step should be convinced that they do what is right and worthy of praise.
Summary and Conclusion

Managing the pain experience of hospitalized children, cancer patients in home care or older adults in community dwelling is the responsibility of health care professionals. The nurse is a mainstay and front liner in the health care team in all settings.Therefore, it is her primary responsibility to know and perform the most and the best she can…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kirk, T.W. (2007). Managing pain, managing ethics. 8 (1):25-34. Pain Management

Nursing: Elsevier Science, Inc. Retrieved on April 15, 2009 from  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/557072 

Kortesluoma, R.L, Nikkonen, M., and Serlo, W ( 2008). "You just have to make the pain go away" -- children's experiences of pain. 9 (4); 143-9. Pain Management

Nursing: Elsevier Science, Inc. Retrieved on April 15, 2009 from  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/585567

The study observed that post training pain documented by physicians and nurses increased from 61% and 76% to 78% and 85% respectively. Also noticeable was the increase in dosage of analgesia from 40% to 63% and of morphine from 10% to 17% while intravenous morphine dosage increased from 2.45 to 4.6 mg. The visual analogue scale score, which is an indicator of pain, also showed a marked reduction from 2. 9 cm to 2.1 cm post training suggesting a significant improvement in pain management and patient satisfaction.[10] This cohort study clearly showed that pain management in the ED can be considerably improved by providing appropriate training for the ED staff and by implementing pain management guidelines for the ED.
Addictive Personality and Psuedo Addiction

One of the major issues revolving around pain care medication is the possibility of abuse. While in most cases patients are under treated there is also a…...

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Bibliography

1) James Ducharme, MDCM, FRCP, DABEM, 'The Future of Pain Management in Emergency Medicine', Emerg Med Clin N. Am 23 (2005) 467-475

2) Liesl A. Curtis, MD, FACEP & Todd D. Morrell, MD, 'Pain Management in the Emergency Department' Emergency Medicine Practice, 2006, Vol 8, No 7

3) Linda L. Lawrence, MD, FACEP, 'Legal Issues in Pain Management: Striking the Balance', Emerg Med Clin N. Am 23 (2005) 573-584

4) Walter Allen Fink Jr., DO, FAAEM, FACEP, 'The Pathophysiology of Acute Pain', Emerg Med Clin N. Am 23 (2005) 277-284

Findings showed that medication was the most common treatment, followed by physiotherapy and no treatment. The majority preferred physiotherapy and no surgery was the third most popular choice. Their preferences and choices evolved from previous experience. They did not perceive their pain as severe enough to require surgery. (Mitchell & Hurley).
A revised regimen for Sid consists of 10 parts. These are a record of his general medical history for a total and comprehensive picture; the use of the four assessment tools mentioned earlier in this paper; his complete and updated pain history; instruction on chronic pain, opioids and opiate therapy; information about non-pharmacological treatment options for chronic pain; continuation of interrupted physiotherapy treatment sessions; conduct of training on self-management and pain control; warning about the risks of smoking; counseling on depression; matching preferences with evidence-based guidelines recommended for chronic pain; and hiring caregivers for himself and his wife.

General Medical…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Benedict, D.G. (2008). Walking the tightrope: chronic pain and substance abuse.

4 (8) Journal for Nurse Practitioner Elsevier Science, Inc. Retrieved on October

:5, 2010 from  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/581261 

Brevik, H., et al. (2008). Assessment of pain. 101 (1) British Journal of Anaesthesia:

(Levin & Feldman, 2006, p. 298)
Open Ended Questions

1. Please list and elaborate on any specific concerns about pharmacological pain management that I can help you with?

2. Please list and elaborate on any specific questions about complimentary options for pain management that you have after briefly looking at the material I have offered you?

3. Can I define any terminology that you have about non-pharmacological pain management techniques, just make a list for me and we will talk about it tomorrow prior to discharge?

Proposed Grade

This internet assessment assignment deserves a grade of a, as the plan clearly responds tot the needs of the patient and caregiver with special attention to the willingness and aptitude of the patient herself to explore the topic, while still wishing to stay inside the confines of effective and evidence-based treatments. The comparison of materials to nursing text book as well as a text on evidence-based nursing…...

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References

Alternative Medicine Foundation: Pain Management: An Alternative and Complementary Medicine Resource Guide at  http://www.amfoundation.org/pain.htm 

Cancer Treatment Centers of America: Pain Management at  http://www.cancercenter.com/complementary-alternative-medicine/pain-management.cfm 

Levin, R.F. & Feldman, H.R. (Eds.). (2006). Teaching Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: A Guide for Academic and Clinical Settings. New York: Springer.

Menefee, L.A. PhD; Monti, D.A. MD (Nov 2005) Nonpharmacologic and Complementary

Pain Management
Within a nursing home there are many elderly people who have come to get care from the facilities. Most of the elderly people are suffering from chronic illnesses and due to these conditions they experience a lot of pain and discomfort. The pain and discomfort has a lot of negative impact on the lives of the elderly in the nursing home. These impacts are particularly felt on an individuals well being and on their communication. It makes the patients feel very uncomfortable and they are not at peace. All the time an individual is restless trying to find a way to relieve their pain and discomfort. A person experiencing pain and discomfort is also not active. They can not carry out any activity since their body is not in a position to do anything as a result of the pain and discomfort (Severson, 2012).Their bodies do not function properly…...

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References

Scott, J., Baluch, A., Kaye, A. (2010).Pain Management in the elderly population. Retrieved May 12, 2013 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096211/ 

Severson, D.(2012).How to manage chronic pain in the elderly. Retrieved May 12, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/how_4929178_manage-chronic-pain-elderly.html

The better the pain management is in any case, regardless of age, the more likely a patient is to recover fully and in comfort and not feel afraid when injury or illness occur. From a clinical nursing perspective this is essential to the development of a more holistic level of treatment. Future research should attempt to analyze real time occurrence of treatment as a way to adapt pain assessment tools to younger children and also improve the qualitative and quantitative data on this issue.
eferences

Alexander J, Manno M. (2003) Underuse of Analgesia in Very Young Pediatric Patients

With Isolated Painful Injuries. Annals of Emergency Medicine.41:617 -622.

Campbell, C.S. (1988). Pain Perception in Infants. The Hastings Center eport, 18(2), 3-12.

Chan, L. ussel, T.J. oback N. (1998) Parental Perception of the Adequacy of Pain Control in Their Child After Discharge from the Emergency Department. Pediatric Emergency Care, 14, 251-253.

Huston, a.C. (2002). eforms and Child…...

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References

Alexander J, Manno M. (2003) Underuse of Analgesia in Very Young Pediatric Patients

With Isolated Painful Injuries. Annals of Emergency Medicine.41:617 -622.

Campbell, C.S. (1988). Pain Perception in Infants. The Hastings Center Report, 18(2), 3-12.

Chan, L. Russel, T.J. Roback N. (1998) Parental Perception of the Adequacy of Pain Control in Their Child After Discharge from the Emergency Department. Pediatric Emergency Care, 14, 251-253.

Pain Management: Ethical Issues
Pain Management

The most ethical way to approach the pain management. Explanation.

It is acceptable as long as the patient understands the risks

Successful pain relief, particularly during patients' end-of-life (EOL) phase, is a key ethical duty based on the values of patient autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and, chiefly, the double effect concept. Pain management's practical groundwork starts with comprehensive evaluation, which integrates "WILDA" (i.e., Words, Intensity of pain, Location, Duration, and alleviating / aggravating factors) and takes into account overall pain elements: i.e., physical, spiritual, emotional and social pain. Opioids represent pain management's pharmacologic necessity in case of life-limiting disease, and must be administered or prescribed depending on pain severity, taking into consideration the psychological and functional significance of pain intensity. A number of misunderstandings act as obstacles to successful pain management. These misunderstandings include: the notion that opioid tolerance or dependence constitutes a form of drug addiction, that they…...

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References

Fine, R. L. (2007). Ethical and practical issues with opioids in life-limiting illness. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent), 20(1), 5-12.

In reviewing this study, we do not know the exact parameters and methods of the way that the studies were done before this leading one to view the results with some further questions.
The results of this particular study include that "institutional models, clinical pathways and consultation services are three alternative models for the integration of care processes in cancer pain management" (rink-Huis, van Achterberg & Schoonhoven, 2000). The pain consultation service, that the researchers believed was the foundation of the pain management care regimen, was in fact a "stand-alone model that was integrated into the clinical pathway" and not the care regimen itself (rink-Huis, van Achterberg & Schoonhoven, 2000). It seems that the results also include those patients most benefit from a pain management process that involves components of all three models- the institutional, clinical and consultation. In evaluating the patients progress though, a standardized set of measures must…...

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Bibliography

Brink-Huis, A., van Achterberg, T., & Schoonhoven, L. (200). Pain management: a review of organisation models with integrated processes for the management of pain in adult cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 1986-2000.

The Campbell Collaboration. 2011. What is a systematic review?. Retrieved from  http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/what_is_a_systematic_review/index.php

Provider Education for Chronic Pain Management
Today, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest healthcare provider in the United States and one of the largest in the world. In fact, fully half of the physicians in the United States receive their training at a VA healthcare facility. This paper provides a description and explanation of the complex health care system to provide a framework for enhancing VA medical support staff knowledge of chronic pain management via a monthly "pain management" newsletter designed to improve pain management outcomes for veterans. In addition, an examination of the various levels of interprofessional team that would be required for the optimal operation of the multidisciplinary pain management delivery system and supporting rationale for each level is followed by a discussion concerning the core abilities required for each team member of the interprofessional pain management team, including suggestions for role responsibilities of each team…...

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References

Boschert, S. (2009, February). Many health workers need to bone up on pain management.

Clinical Psychiatry News, 32(2), 82.

Clark, M.E. & Norton, C. (2009). Interdisciplinary pain team training program. Tampa:

Chronic Rehabilitation Program.

Pain Management Assessment
WHAT it TAKES

ecause moderate to severe postoperative pain is a common experience among patients, pain management is an essential part of nursing care (Yuceer, 2011). Nurses must evaluate the pain, teach the patient appropriate strategies in dealing with it, implement a treatment plan and monitor the results, educate the patient's family on it and record the outcomes of pain management. It is thus clear that the nurse's effective approach to pain management is of primary importance in reducing patient pain and discomfort after surgery. Studies, however, suggest that nurses' current inadequate management of patients' postoperative pain relates to her level of training and preparedness (Yuceer).

This study aims at assessing the results of a continuous quality improvement program on acute pain management of surgical patients by nurses. It will answer these questions: 1. What is this quality improvement program and how does it improve present pain management standards? 2.…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carlson, C.L. (2009). Use of three evidence-based postoperative pain assessment practices by registered nurses. Vol. 10 # 4, Pain Management Nursing: Medscape.

Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from  http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/715639 

Guardini, I.., et al. (2008). The effectiveness of continuing education in postoperative pain management: results from a follow-up study. Vol. 39 # 6, Journal of Continuing

Education in Nursing: PubMed Central. Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557287

This is because every person has a different pain management need. Therefore, there is a need to have a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach to the management of chronic pain. The four components of the experience of pain by the patient are as follows. The first component is the physical sensation that is felt. Second are the automatic thoughts that come as a result of the gross pain being experienced. Third are the uncomfortable emotional reactions that the patient has to deal with from the pain. Fourth are the self-defeating behaviors that are as a result of the thinking and the feelings of the patient. This is the approach that is in use in Sierra Tucson Hospital in Tucson, Arizona Merskey, 1994()
Studies have indicated that as the patient continues to experience the pain and as the pain becomes chronic, the mood of the patient is grossly affected and their motivation toward the…...

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References

Crombie, I.K., Davies, H.T.O., & Macrae, W.A. (1994). Entering the Loop: Assessing the Contribution of Pain Clinics in Northern Britain. Quality of Life Research, 3, S35-S38.

Dusek, J.A., Finch, M., Plotnikoff, G., & Knutson, L. (2009). Best Practices in Integrative Medicine: Inpatient Pain Management Minneapolis, Minnesota: The Bravewell Collaborative.

Fordyce, W.E. (1994). Pain and Suffering: What Is the Unit? Quality of Life Research, 3, S51-S56.

Jason, E.O., Klapow, J.C., & Casebeer, L. (2000). Evaluating the Relationship between Pain Presentation and Health-Related Quality of Life in Outpatients with Metastatic or Recurrent Neoplastic Disease. Quality of Life Research, 9(7), 855-863.

There are so many interesting topics to discuss surrounding the opioid epidemic,  There are debatable discussions about its root causes and questions of whether public response has been different given the impacted demographics.  Therefore, looking at any of the questions can provide opportunities for debate.  Before debating the topic, it is important to understand some of the facts about the epidemic.  In 2019, over 70,000 people died from drug overdose, 1.6 million people had an opioid disorder, 745,000 used heroin, 1.6 million misused prescription pain relievers for the first time, and 0.1....

Outline for an Essay on the Opioid Epidemic

I. Introduction

a. Overview of the opioid epidemic.

b. Brief history and how it evolved into a crisis.

II. The Scale of the Epidemic (500 words)

a. Statistics on opioid addiction, overdoses, and deaths.

b. The impact on various demographics and regions.

III. Causes of the Opioid Epidemic (600 words)

a. Over-prescription of painkillers and pharmaceutical companies' roles.

b. Economic factors and healthcare system issues.

c. Social and psychological factors contributing to addiction.

IV. Effects of the Opioid Epidemic (600 words)

a. On individuals (health, psychological impact, and....

1. The root causes of the opioid epidemic and how society can address them
2. The impact of opioid addiction on individuals, families, and communities
3. The role of pharmaceutical companies in fueling the opioid epidemic
4. The connection between mental health and opioid addiction
5. Strategies for preventing opioid addiction and promoting safe pain management
6. The criminal justice system's response to the opioid epidemic
7. The stigma surrounding opioid addiction and its impact on individuals seeking help
8. The economic costs of the opioid epidemic on healthcare systems and society
9. The role of healthcare providers in addressing the opioid epidemic
10. The potential for harm reduction....

1. The link between childhood trauma and the development of anxiety and depression in adulthood
2. The role of genetics in predisposing individuals to anxiety and depression
3. How cultural factors influence the expression and treatment of anxiety and depression
4. The impact of social media on mental health and its contribution to feelings of anxiety and depression
5. The relationship between sleep disorders and the development of anxiety and depression
6. The efficacy of alternative therapies such as mindfulness, acupuncture, and yoga in treating anxiety and depression
7. The correlation between gut health and mental health, specifically the role of the gut-brain axis in anxiety....