Packaging Materials Comparison
In the contemporary era, there is a hot debate going on regarding the usage of paper-based shipping container, wood-based shipping container, plastic-based shipping container or retail shipping package. Thus, this controversial issue regarding the usage of the mentioned containers and packaging in a variety of supply chains in the commodities' shipment has led to numerous dissimilar views about the appropriateness of the methods. This is the reason why it is exceedingly necessary to do a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the four packaging items.

Paper-Based Shipping Container: Different commodities are packaged in paper materials that possess different levels of strength. It depends on the items/commodities that which type of paper packaging would be used for their packing. In general, paper-bags, cartons and corrugated papers are used as paper-based containers. As a consequence, the importance of a paper-based shipping container for a majority of can be understood…...

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References

Levesque, P.J. (2011). The Shipping Point: The Rise of China and the Future of Retail Supply Chain Management. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.

Paine, F.A., & Paine, H.Y. (1992). A Handbook of Food Packaging. London: Springer.

Among the disadvantages that wood packaging has is the fact that they largely contribute to the environmental degradation as wood is cut and in most cases not replaced at the same rate at which they are cut. This mode is also bulky as compared to the other means of packaging like paper. It also suffers the same fate as paper since it cannot adequately protect the goods from moisture and water. It is also worth noting that the wood used can also contain unwanted and invasive species of wood parasites that can be transported from one country to another, this means they need to be treated before transport yet this is costly (Pallets, 2008).

The plastic-based packaging has of late been one of the most widely used means of packaging. This is due to the fact that it can handle best the perishable goods during the transportation period. The plastic packaging…...

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References

Food Communications Information Services, (2012). Irish Food Packaging Information Service: Paper and Paperboards. Retrieved February 22, 2012 from  http://www.ucc.ie/fcis/PKpaper_and_paperboards.htm 

Pallets, (2008). Wooden pallets advantages and disadvantages. Retrieved February 22, 2012 from  http://pallets.indinf.com/wooden-pallets-pros-and-cons.html 

Rodale, (2012). Protect Your Health: Shrink Your Plastic Profile. Retrieved February 22, 2012 from http://www.rodale.com/disadvantages-plastic

Traditionally, beer bottles are made of glass -- a packaging material that has been around for thousands of years. Glass has been used to bottle beer since the early 20th century (Brody, Bugusu, Han, et al., 2008). ecently, Miller Brewing company became one of the first big-name brewing companies to use plastic instead of glass for beer bottles. Plastic has been shunned in beer packaging because of plastic is just porous enough to allow carbon dioxide gas to escape, also allowing oxygen in -- thereby spoiling the beer. Nanotechnology has allowed the carbonated beverage industry and beer firms specifically to capitalize on the lightweight and unbreakable features of plastic without sacrificing product shelf life or quality. Clay is the most common nanoparticle type used in the manufacture of plastic beer bottles. The addition of clay to the plastic extends the shelf life of the product to about six months (Silvestre…...

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References

Brody, A.L., Bugusu, B., Han, J. H. et al. (2008). Innovative Food Packaging Solutions. Journal of Food Science 73(8): R107-R116.

"Food Packaging Using Nanotechnology Methods: an Overview of 'Smart Packaging' and 'Active Packaging'" AXONano. 25 July, 2005. Retrieved online:  http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?Articleid=1317 

"Nano in packaging," (n.d.). Retreived online:  http://www.nanoandme.org/nano-products/packaging/ 

Philpott, T. (2014). Are nanoparticles from packaging getting into your food? Mother Jones. 11 June, 2014. Retrieved online:  http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2014/06/nano-sized-particles-food-packaging-how-big-problem

That type of printing can be selected.
To be considered is quality and cost effectiveness. The choice have to be made on the value chain to improve prove packaging and create efficiencies. Can the method cut cost and increase revenue? And how efficient is the productive process? Are some of the questions that have to be asked; along with the consideration of the suppliers, and the volume-based cost structure are some of the major considerations in this respect. There must be chosen the least cost and high efficiency process for bulk printing. (Sand, 2010)

The question then is if it will be o-set, gravure or "exo" the consideration then is between these high-volume printing methods, the 'Web O-set, otogravure, and Flexography.' (Keif; Goglio, 2005) the three processes can be used for this purpose and the advantage sought must be in terms of quality, cost and efficiency. Considering the web o-set it…...

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References

Keif, Malcolm G; Goglio, Tom. (2005) "Identifying High-Volume Printing Processes" Visual

Communications Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp: 42-47.

Henson, Jerry; Pfaff, Michael R. (n. d.) "The ABC's of Flexo for Folding Cartons: IDS

Packaging White Paper" Mark Andy Inc. Retrieved 22 February, 2012 from http://www.idspackaging.com/Common/Paper/Paper_36/the%20ABCs%20of%20Flexo%20for%20Folding%20Cartons.htm

In some cases, reliability and the quality of service as well as the type of relationship that was involved between companies were of equal or even greater importance than cost. In the final analysis, it is reasonable to conclude that even when an optimum mix of these four supply chain elements is developed, the process is never truly completed but rather requires ongoing oversight from logistics managers to ensure that their supply chains are as efficient as possible.
eferences

Boyson, S., Harrington, L.H. & Corsi, T.M. (2004). In real time: Managing the new supply chain. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Carter, J.. & Ferrin, B.G. (1995). The impact of transportation costs on supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 16(1), 189-190.

Chapman, K. & Ellinger, a.E. (2009). Constructing impact factors to measure the influence of supply chain management and logistics journals. Journal of Business Logistics, 30(2),

197-198.

Mollenkopf, D., Closs, D., Twede, D., Lee, S. & Burgess,…...

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References

Boyson, S., Harrington, L.H. & Corsi, T.M. (2004). In real time: Managing the new supply chain. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Carter, J.R. & Ferrin, B.G. (1995). The impact of transportation costs on supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 16(1), 189-190.

Chapman, K. & Ellinger, a.E. (2009). Constructing impact factors to measure the influence of supply chain management and logistics journals. Journal of Business Logistics, 30(2),

197-198.

etail Packaging Printing
Instructions Assume task developing retail packaging a product. The product package produced a small town China shipped sold United States. The product small runs package a folding carton a color print.

Since the company is looking at doing small runs at first, flexography method of printing is considered. Flexography uses a flexible relief image which is made on thin and flexible printing plates that are made of rubber. This is what is used to press on larger areas of solid color. Flexography can be used to print on various materials which include cellophane, metallic films, and polythene. Since the company needs to print packaging materials which are expected to be made of cellophane and polythene, flexography is deemed to be the most cost-effective solution for short runs. Lithographic printing is also another option.

ationale for flexographic printing

Flexographic printing unlike lithographic printing which is an offset process uses flexible plates that…...

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References

Eisenstein, E.L. (2012). The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mattern, J. (2003). The Printing Press: An Information Revolution. New York: PowerKids Press.

NIRR Board. (2009). The Complete Book On Printing Technology. Delhi: NIIR Project Consultancy Services.

Most state and federal regulations related to the transportation of hazardous materials were first established in 1975 with the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. The Act broadly defines hazardous materials as anything that “may pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property,” (OSHA, 2017). In practice, hazardous materials generally include explosives, hazardous waste, gasses, radioactive material, flammable or combustible materials, and harmful chemicals. However, each state would have its own regulations, which sometimes conflicted with neighboring states or federal regulations. Further complicating the issues related to safe transport of hazardous materials was the fact that a large number of federal, state, and local agencies would have different jurisdictions and subject to different regulations or laws, such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Federal Railway Administration (FRA), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) (Federal Motor Carrier…...

Taguchi also expanded the focus of quality cost analysis and shifted his emphasis to improving production methods and service. As well as quality control in production, quality control was necessary in product planning and design, process design, and production services after purchase. Taguchi's quality loss function was designed to measure the success or failure of quality control in an absolute fashion, over the entire lifecycle of the item (Taguchi, 2010, Business Dictionary).
Question 2: What factors contribute to a manager's decision to recall a manufactured product? Support your answers with specific examples. How can managers within a service organization improve sales and control costs when utilizing the Taguchi quality control method? Give examples.

First and foremost, the question of product safety must be on the minds of managers when making the decision to recall a manufactured product: a product that has a defect in its design (such as an SUV that…...

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References

Cost variance (CV). (2010). Project Management Knowledge: Definitions. Retrieved April 17,

2010 at  http://www.project-management-knowledge.com/definitions/c/cost-variance-cv/ 

Kaner, Cem. (1996). Quality cost analysis: Benefits and risks. Quality Control Handbook.

Retrieved April 17, 2010 at http://www.kaner.com/qualcost.htm

SOW Cost Estimate
Statement of Work

[Date published]

[Presenter's name]

Time and materials

Client's administrator

Relocation of Office Headquarter

Engagement duration

Begin date

eb' 2012

End date

eb' 2012

Schedule of rates [Include fixed-rate costs for items such as equipment and hourly rates for employee time and service.]

Item description

Delivery schedule

(Business days)

Cost

(estimate)

desks (with associated chairs)

day- 1st eb 2012

day- 1st eb 2012

Coffee Tables

day- 2nd eb 2012

Armchairs

Small Items (120 X 160 boxes)

rames

day 3rd eb 2012

Computers (with monitors)

day- 1st eb 2012

Payment terms

Phase

Completion date

Payments due

Phase 1 -- Movement of urniture and Computers

2nd eb 2012

$965

Phase 2 -- Movement of rames and Small Items

3rd eb 2012

$350

Phase 3- Cleaning, Organizing and Arranging relocated items at new premesis

4th eb 2012

$100

Statement of work

Assumptions

ollowing assumptions are to be made for the project.

All costs include packaging costs, labor wage rates, vehicle rent and fuel rent.

The client will provide all the items that are to be relocated to the new site.

All the packaging material including cardboard boxes, bubble wraps, tapes etc. are part of contractors…...

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Full name

3/2/2012 Statement of Work Page 2

3/2/2012 Statement of Work Page 5

Research indicates that supply chains help organizations attain competitive advantage. In turn, the successes or letdowns of such supply chains are determined in the open market by the end consumers. Rendering the fitting product, at the fitting price, at the fitting time to the consumer is not only the fundamental aspect to competitive success but also the vital element to survival (Christopher and Towill, 2001). Owing to the fact that the intricacy of supply chains in the present day, partly as a result of globalization and out-sourcing, the manner in which supply chains are structured can make a difference between an organization generating profit or loss. Different types of structures avail the management the choice to select the one that best suits consumer expectations. However, it is imperative for such chosen pipelines to go hand in hand with the business strategy of the supply chain (Christopher and Towill, 2002). In…...

In the meantime, we have not sufficiently developed alternate energy technologies. In the last few decades, nations that were too poor to benefit from the Industrial evolution have begun dramatically increasing their consumption of fossil fuels as larger proportions of their populations become able to afford modern conveniences. As a result, societies in China (in particular) are now experiencing the exact same problems once experienced by European industrial cities immediately after the Industrial evolution (Poiman & Poiman, 2007).
Meanwhile, in the First-World nations, production and consumption habits in relation to other byproducts of fossil fuels have been exploited to produce a wide variety of goods made from plastics and other petroleum-based products (Poiman & Poiman, 2007). A consumption-oriented mentality has generated incredible volumes of trash that, because if its petroleum-based composition, is not biodegradable. Modern consumer goods, and even the packaging materials used to ship them, contain large amounts of…...

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References

Attfield, R. (2003). Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty-First Century.

Cambridge, UK: Polity.

Poiman, L.P. And Poiman, P. (2007). Environmental Ethics: Readings in Theory and Application. Florence, KY: Wadsworth-Cengage.

Marketing
Pricing Strategies

The pricing of a product or service is an important aspect of the marketing mix. The pricing of a product will need to be set at a level that will support the firms' long-term profitability; even were there are short-term market penetration strategies or loss leading prices, the ultimate aim of the firm is for the generation of revenues and creation of profit. The pricing strategy chosen by a firm will depend on a number of factors; these will include the market conditions and strategies of the competing or complimentary products, as well as the level of differentiation and the market position that the firm us seeking to gain (Kotler and Keller, 2011). Two examples may be used to assess the way pricing strategies may be formulated; a media distributor and aspirin.

Media Distributor

A media distributor, such as NetFlix or Love Film, has a limited amount of overheads. The media…...

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References

Drury, C, (2012), Management and Cost Accounting, Cengage Learning EMEA

Hooley G; Nicouland B; Piercy, N, (2011), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, Financial Times/Prentice Hall

Kotler Philip; Keller Kevin, (2011), Marketing Management (13th Edition), Prentice Hall.

Mintzberg Henry, Ahlstrand Bruce, Lampel Joseph B. (2008), Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management, Financial Times / Prentice Hall

This is because the public image that is created can be very good for creating a good reputation and company image. This is mainly fueled by positive consumerism.CS should therefore be integrated into corporate strategy.
Environmental problems

Food Packaging

Almost all parts of the industries that deal with packaging, not excluding food packaging, are facing several environmental problems. For instance, the shops that are dealing with fast-food are receiving a lot of pressure to minimize the quantity of the solid wastes that they are generating (Testin and Vergano, 1991). As a result, the company will result into numerous environmental problems. Packaging is indeed an essential part of modern life style. The loss from packaging is more rampant in the firms that process food and those in the system of distribution. In the countries that are still developing, packaging is a rare thing and sometimes, it does not exist. In such countries, there are…...

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References

Demetrakakes, P. (2004, Oct). Nestle's packaging wraps up the world: a truly international food company combines local and global strategies in packaging its huge array of products

Domberger, S. And Fernandez, P. (1999), Public-Private Partnerships for Service Delivery.

Business Strategy Review, 10: 29 -- 39

Kakabadse, a.P. And Kakabadse, N. (2000a) Sourcing: new face to economies of scale and the emergence of new organizational forms. Knowledge and Process Management 7(2), 107 -- 118.

As the article on SPC (sustainable packaging Coalition) describes, packaging itself contributes to as much as a third of the waste in developed countries. The two articles are closely related in that SPC is all about effective biomimicry in the packaging industry. The new approach to producing sustainable industrial designs is based on life cycle analysis where eliminating waste and conserving energy are key components. The sustainable packaging coalition, a new environmental group is working towards creating new standards for industrial packaging that ensure that products are 'sourced responsibly', designed to be 'safe and effective', 'cost effective' and most importantly, recyclable.
The SPC formed by leading companies is promoting and sharing innovative packaging design solutions that are inspired by nature and therefore environmentally friendly and sustainable. In other words the SPC is working towards innovations in package designs that are modeled on natural systems. The SPC also studies and reports…...

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Bibliography

1) Tim McGee & Dr. Dayna Baumeister, 'Biomimicry',

In Indonesia, this shoreline litter covers about 90% of the upper shore.
How plastic debris affect marine life

There are two major ways in which detrimental effects to marine life occur. One is when these marine animals become snarled up in the marine debris and the other way is when they ingest the plastic wastes. Some of the materials which can cause the snarl up are pieces of fish lines or nets and rings which are used to bind six-pack beverages. These materials can cause the marine animals to drown or suffocate thus killing them. Death can also be an effect of the materials strangling the animals or starvation when the animal is trapped and unable to reach any food. These materials can also cause severe injuries to the animals. Entanglement is especially important to sea lions and seals. These animals are known to have a curious nature like that of…...

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Works cited

Allsopp, Michelle, et al. Plastic Debris in the World's Oceans. Amsterdam: Greenpeace International, 2006. Print.

Arthur, Courtney. Plastic Marine Debris: An in-Depth Look2010. Print.

Dong-Oh, Cho. "The Incentive Program for Fishermen to Collect Marine Debris in Korea." Marine Pollution Bulletin 58.3 (2009): 415-17. Print.

Jose G.B, Derraik. "The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: A Review." Marine Pollution Bulletin 44.9 (2002): 842-52. Print.

I. Introduction
A. Brief explanation of fast food and its popularity
B. Thesis statement: Despite its convenience and quick service, fast food has detrimental effects on individuals' health, environment, and society.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Health Concerns
A. Explanation of the high levels of unhealthy ingredients in fast food (processed meat, trans fats, excessive sodium, and added sugars)
B. Discussion of the health problems caused by regular consumption of fast food, such as obesity, heart diseases, and blood pressure issues

III. Body Paragraph 2: Environmental Impact
A. Explanation of the excessive use of packaging materials in fast food industry
B. Discussion of the environmental consequences of fast food....