Billboard Advertising: "Litter on a Stick?"
This paper examines the issue of billboard advertising from the premise that it is a feature of modern American life that needs to be regulated by the federal government. It examines the history of such regulation as has already been enacted. It examines the effects of those regulations. It also examines the attitude of the public toward outdoor advertising, particularly billboards. And it gives some supporting case histories regarding the effect of billboards on citizens' lives.

And it makes comments on the possible adjuncts to billboard advertising such as hot-air balloons. The sources used included federal government websites, websites of organizations working in the field of billboard regulation, a large est Coast newspaper, and an international magazine published in the U.K. about France, as well as a U.S. media publication.

Billboard Advertising: "Litter on a Stick?"

ithout the automobile, there would have been no need for advertising billboards,…...

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Works Cited

History and Overview of the Federal Outdoor Advertising Control Program. (2003) Retrieved July 5, 2003.  http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/realestate/oacprog.htm .

Ascents of Freedom. (2003). Reportage. France magazine, 18.

Barrows, Matthew. (2002). The signs have ears: Two billboards will scan car radios and tailor pitches to match listening preferences. Retrieved July 8, 2003. http://www.sacbee.com/content/news/story/5349258p-6338265c.html

Billboard Control: Fighting Visual Pollution. (2002) Retrieved July 6, 2003.  http://www.scenic.org/fact1.htm .

Web-based, print, media, and outdoor advertising techniques can be used for successful marketing. It also details the principles of marketing, along with its definition to establish a clear understanding of the subject at start. From the viewers' as well as marketer's perspective, the paper also gives the importance of different communication media, their impact, background, statistical findings, analytical comparison and their effectiveness in relative terms of advertising costs and audience exposure. In conclusion, the examples of non-profit and profit-based organizations are studied and noted for their advertising strategies.
Marketing Definitions

Marketing Principles

Product

Place

Price

Promotion

Marketing Principles Summary

External / Uncontrollable

Internal / Controllable

Marketing on the Web

Paid Advertising Strategies

Test Areas to Check OI

Media Advertising

adio and Television Advertising

Outdoor Advertising

The Outdoor Advertising History 9

The Evolution in Outdoor Advertising 9

Growth in Viewers' Exposure 10

Print Advertising 11

Cases in Point 12

Non-Profit Social Organization 12

Profit-Based Organization 13

Conclusion

eferences

Marketing: A eview of Successful Marketing Techniques

Marketing Definitions

According to Tim Cohn's Definition of Marketing:

My definition of marketing…...

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References

Cohn, Tim. Marketing Definition. Advanced Marketing Consultants, Inc. 2002. Marketing

Principles.com. www.marketingprinciples.com

Gary Davis Media. Radio vs. TV: Radio Advertising vs. Television Advertising. 2002.

Television Advertising.Com.

The same can also be said of corporate organisation that has in their possession accumulated research capacity which enables it to deliver unique products and services from its competitors.
1.2.7 To increase market share.

Advertising can also be used to increase the market share of an organisation resulting from the acceptance of the products but the consumer and subsequent recognition of the brand.

1.3 FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISEMENT

Advertising as a promotional mix element is expected to play some functions. Organisations usually employ advertisement to play the following functions.

1.3.1 To distinguish products from their competitors

Advertising has been found to be a useful promotional tool when it comes to distinguishing between the products of an organisation from their competitors. There are so many products in the market. Sometime the same types of products are competing in one market. It is even the case that other manufacture may imitate the products of another organisation though with…...

Companies use advertising plans to build awareness about their product. Company uses different plans to promote their sales. It uses trade show plan to demonstrate what they are selling, sales promotion plan for incremental sales, public relations plan for free ads, internet plan for instant distribution of product specifications and information, customer service plan to repeat sales, research plan to monitor activities regarding the products and customer satisfaction and last but not least marketing plan which helps to identify when to market, how to market and who are the target audience for the product (Luther, 2011).
Marketing plan must cover the below 12 areas to form an effective marketing plan to increase sales (Wong, 2010).

Marketing plan must have the executive summary

Introduction about the marketing plan and the product

Analysis of the market situation for the product.

Analysis of the target customers

Analysis of the competition for the product

Analysis of the financial requirement of plan

7.…...

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Bibliography:

Luther, William M. (2011), "The Marketing Plan: How to prepare and Implement It," AMACOM Div American Mgmt Association.

Wong, Ken K. (20100, "Approved Marketing Plans for new Products and Services," iUniverse, Anselmo, Donna. (2010), "Marketing Demystified," McGraw-Hill Professional.

Thomas, Lorrie. (2010), "The McGraw Hill 36-Hour Course: Online Marketing," McGraw-Hill Professional.

Rognerud, Jon. (2010), "Ultimate Guide to Search Engine Optimization: Drive Traffic, Boost Conversion Rates and Make Tons of Money," Entrepreneur Press.

Advertising Effectiveness and Consumer Memory
The relationship between psychology and advertising is not a new one -- in fact, it is fundamental to the birth of modern advertising in America. Edward Bernays, the father of marketing, was the nephew of none other than Sigmund Freud, and used Freud's sense that "man was motivated by passion" to manipulate the senses of consumers and plant seeds of desire within consumer memory (Jones, 2000, p. 283). Since the days of Bernays, all evidence indicates that marketers have utilized cognitive psychology in order to assist advertising effectiveness in relation to consumer memory. This paper will discuss this evidence and research surrounding this association and critically analyze and discuss it.

A Complex elationship

Developing brand awareness and brand loyalty are two of the biggest factors in successful marketing. Establishing either requires an effective campaign that essentially implants the brand in the mind of the consumer in a way…...

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References

Aaker, D, Biel, A (2013) Brand Equity and Advertising: Advertising's Role in Building

Strong Brands, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Bloemer, J, Kasper, H (1995) The complex relationship between consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty, Journal of Economic Psychology, 16(2): 311-329.

Festinger, L (1957) A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, CA: Stanford University Press.

External and Internal Environments
External & Internal Environments Business

CBS Outdoor Americas Inc. (NYSE: CBSO) leases ad space in the category known as Out-of-Home (OOH) advertising throughout the United States, Canada, and Latin America (oss Sorkin, 2014). CBS Outdoor went public in April 2014 and separated from CBS ?Corporation (NYSE: CBS.A and CBS), the broadcaster and owner of Showtime, as the final step following its initial public offering (IPO) (oss Sorkin, 2014). The shares of CBS Outdoor rose 18% since the IPO in March 2014 (oss Sorkin, 2014). CBS Outdoor offers a range of outdoor advertising options that are designed to target somewhat different markets: Billboards, bus and railroad media, mobile billboards, specialty advertising signs, sports media, street furniture, and walls (oss Sorkin, 2014). A specialty of CBS Outdoor is an extensive multi-media digital inventory in many of these markets, and highly sophisticated mobile interactive capabilities that extend to all of the…...

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References

Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2013). Strategic management: Concept and cases: Competiveness and globalization (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Levin, M. (2012, February). Was study of digital billboard safety botched? Fair Warning. NBC News. Retrieved  http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/02/14/10400036-was-study-of-digital-billboard-safety-botched 

Ross Sorkin, A. (2014). CBS Outdoor in $690 million deal for advertising assets. Dealbook. The New York Times. Retreived  http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/21/cbs-outdoor-in-690-million-deal-for-outdoor-advertising-assets/?emc=edit_dlbkpm_20140721&nl=business&nlid=54745473 

Hansen, M.T. And Birkinshaw, J. (2007, June). The innovation value chain. The Harvard Business Review. Retreived  http://hbr.org/2007/06/the-innovation-value-chain/ar/1

(Snyder & Deono quoted in Kjeldal 2003, Introduction section, ¶ 6).
The results from the study Kjeldal (2003) conducted with 70 participants in two stages suggest that the word association responses high self-monitors (HSMs) produce reflect selective activation of a personally meaningful, experiential, system. The responses low self-monitors (LSMs) produce, on the other hand, indicate an intellective factual system.

2. Decision Making Process Theories

Dr. onnie Halpern-Felsher (2009), an Associate Professor at theUniversity of California, San Francisco, identifies a number decision-making criteria in her report, "Adolescent decision making: an overview." According to Halpern-Felsher, determinations of definitions for a competent decision, the process of how the decision was made, differ dramatically. The actual behavior or outcome, albeit, does not determine competent decision making, however, during the normative model of decision-making process, one does consider the consequences to not choosing a particular behavior or a specific event.

Normative models of decision making, commonly utilized in…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

'Advertising, Public Relations' N.d. < > [25 May 2009].http://courses.umass.edu/bmat352/lectures_and_readings/KA_16.pdf

Bahaudin, M & Jue, A 2005. 'Deceptive and Subliminal Advertising in Corporate America: Value Adder or Value Destroyer?', Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. Nova Southeastern University Wayne Huizenga Graduate School of Business. HighBeam Research. Available from: <   > [20 May 2009].http://www.highbeam.com 

Barnard, N & Ehrenberg, A 1997. 'Advertising: Strongly Persuasive or Nudging',

Journal of Advertising Research - January/February 1997.

Business
Internet Advertising

What group sponsors the site and what is the organization's purpose?

There is absolutely no contact or other information on the group sponsoring this site at the site itself. A search of the group's name, Internet Marketing and Advertising Association, yields the information that the group is located in Rochester, New York, and is a group of businesspeople devoted to developing advertising alternatives for the Web. Other than that, the site itself yields no information, and even more perplexing, there is no contact or advertising information on the site, so it is difficult to see how businesses find out how to advertise on the site, or contact anyone to add their listing to the site. However, a search of "who is" at Internic.net indicates the registrant is "Ultimate Search" with a mailing address in Hong Kong. The.org indicates this is a non-profit Web site, so it seems the organization is…...

Marketing Communication Process
Google Inc.

Google Inc. is an U.S. based multinational public corporation that operates primarily in the internet search function, cloud computing, as well as a range of different advertising solutions. The company is large and extremely multifaceted. Google develops a large number of services and products that are part of a larger suite of Google products. These products are offered for free to the end users and Google primarily generates the company's revenue stream from advertising. Although Google sells advertising through AdWords and other platforms, it must also promote itself with a marketing communication strategy.

Google has grown from modest roots to become one of the most admired companies in the world today. The company's official mission statement is "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful." However, the company is also known for something of an unofficial slogan which is "Don't be evil." This slogan…...

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References

Davis, B. (2014, January 27). 12 inspiring marketing campaigns from Google. Retrieved from Econsultancy:  https://econsultancy.com/blog/64204-12-inspiring-marketing-campaigns-from-google/ 

Liedtke, M., & Tessler, J. (2011, July 24). Google Confirms FTC Antitrust Investigation. Retrieved from Huffington Post Tech:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/24/google-confirms-ftc-antitrust-investigation_n_883951.html 

Nudd, T. (2014, December 17). 14 Brilliant Outdoor Ads That Rocked the Real World in 2014 Beautiful, subversive, playful and magical. Retrieved from Adweek:  http://www.adweek.com/adfreak/14-brilliant-outdoor-ads-rocked-real-world-2014-161999 

Orey, M. (2009, April 28). Google's PR Campaign. Retrieved from Bloomberg Business:  http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2009-04-28/googles-pr-campaign

Advertising and Globalization
Advertising and globalisation in India

Wellington, New Zealand

http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/7LynneCiochetto.pdf

The article reviewed focuses on India and contemporary advertising however uses the history of the industry's development in India and a discussion of the broader international trends in marketing for context. The introduction of advertising in India has impact the society and the various cultures found in India on multiple fronts. During the 1990's, advertising in India has seen a massive expansion; especially in regards to foreign advertisements. As India has steadily developed from an underdeveloped country to a more modern economy.

With this development, India has attracted a host of international companies who have entered the market. However, compared to other rapidly developing economies like China, India has also focused on developing domestic industries and has often implemented protectionist policies early in its development. This has also had major implications on the development of the marketing industry in India. This analysis will…...

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References

CIA. (2011, September 26). South Asia: India. Retrieved from The World Factbook:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html 

Ciochetto, L. (2004, June 14). Advertising and globalisation in India . Retrieved from Massey University: http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/7LynneCiochetto.pdf

Gomes, I. (2011, June 1). The India Imperative. Retrieved from KPMG:  http://www.kpmg.com/UK/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/PDF/Market%20Sector/High%20Growth%20Markets/india-imperative-summer-2011.pdf 

Maps of India. (2011, January 25). Indian Republic. Retrieved from Maps of India:  http://www.mapsofindia.com/events/republic-day/indian-republic.html

Since Facebook has a lage numbe of uses, eachability of taget maket can be ensued in a moe cost effective way. A fee Facebook page can be used fo a moe inteactive maketing with consumes.
Justification of Rationale

The buying bief is of immense impotance to the plan. The economic cisis has inceased maketing costs of businesses significantly. Most bands that exist in competitive makets look fo cost effective but pime media slots. The maket foces that detemine the advetising costs in vaious media ae vey active. Moeove, the allocated budget fo Geat Smell is limited and the sales have gone down by 2% in the past yea.

The impotance of the buying bief is that it addesses the two most citical aspects of the poduct that is the declining sales along with the competition that exists and the limited budget. Keeping the citical aspects in view, the buying bief helps devising…...

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references/outdoor-advertising-03-11-08.php>.

Sheet1

Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

Network TV:

Prime Time 40/wk 40/wk 1250000

Marketing
In a recent episode of E, a young girl -- 11 years old or so -- had been kidnapped. During recovery, she was killed. In that case, the death was caused by the hubris of an arrogant new E attending physician. But it could have been caused at any time by the kidnapper. According to Dwelle (2004), most abducted children are recovered or killed within the first 3.2 hours; any factor that could reduce the time frame during which the child is missing will reduce the chanced the child will be killed.

The facts and figures alone are powerful marketing tools for the Techno Genie. Statistics say that:

Every 40 seconds another child is reported missing.

One in every 42 children will become abducted, missing, lost or runaway.

Over 2000 children are reported missing each day

Over 725,000 reported missing children every year.

The rate of missing children has increased 444% since 1982.

Added to that,…...

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References

Dwelle, P. (). Abducted, missing, lost and runaway children. Wichita, KS: ChildShield, U.S.A.. etrieved October 26, 2005 from the World Wide Web: www.childprotectionsolution.com

esearch also helps in planning marketing programs through helping to identify new opportunities and thus to evaluate the potential for a new idea and also to identify the areas where the marketing efforts will be concentrated KnowThis LLC, 2012()
esearch also helps to minimize risks. By the marketing managers being able to plan the marketing efforts effectively and they can then identify what is required and to ensure that the development of the programs is highly focused towards the demand in the market. Market research also helps to create benchmarks and to measure progress. Early research helps to highlight any major gaps in the marketing plan which need to be bridged and regular market research helps to show if there are any improvements in sales being brought about by the marketing efforts.

Segmentation and the marketing mix

Segmentation helps greatly in customer retention and acquisition of new clientele. This is because it…...

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References

Cherian, M., Flores, M., & Srinivasan, G. (2008). Critical Success Factors to Collaborate in Cross Border Alliances: Experiences of Indian Manufacturing Enterprises. Paper presented at the SMF conference, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

Horn, L.P. (2011). Online Marketing Strategies for Reaching Today's Teens. [Article]. Young Adult Library Services, 9(2), 24-27.

KnowThis LLC. (2012). Marketing Research Retrieved May 20th, 2012, from  http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/marketing-research/examples-of-research-in-marketing/ 

Kotler, P., & Keller, K.L. (2012). Marketing Management, Thirteenth Edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.

Marketing Case Study
Try to remember the billboards on your commute to work or school. How many do you think there are? Explain why you remembered any of them. Next time you are on that route, note how many billboards there actually are. Are they effective?

Of the many billboards passed on the way to work and school every day, the most noticeable are those that promise low-cost health insurance and healthcare. These billboards are the most effective as they are very colorful and full of energy with smiling kids, big families and everyone just the picture of health. These billboards stand out because of their generous white space surrounding models who are hired due to the healthy complexions, athletic physiques and incredibly perfect teeth. That is what most amazes me about the healthcare billboards; the models all have perfect smiles and complexions as they promote Blue Cross Blue Shield, Anthem and…...

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References

Donthu, N. (1994). Effectiveness of outdoor advertising of services. Services Marketing Quarterly, 11(1), 33-33.

Duncan, C.P., & Nelson, J. (1985). Effects of humor in a radio advertising experiment. Journal of Advertising, 14(2), 33-33.

Fortenberry, John L, Jr., PhD., McGoldrick, P.J., PhD., & French, George E, I.I.I., F.A.C.H.E. (2010). Is billboard advertising beneficial for healthcare organizations? An investigation of efficacy and acceptability to Patients/Practitioner Application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55(2), 81-95; discussion 95-6.

Miller, D.W., & Marks, L.J. (1997). The effects of imagery-evoking radio advertising strategies on affective responses. Psychology & Marketing, 14(4), 337-360.

Whether one is browsing through Cosmopolitan or any other magazine all the leading glossies will have special pages adorning the advertisement of this fashion brand of women's tops.
High Fashion brands try to explore new avenues to further build their association with high-end target market by linking themselves to certain events and programs as part of their promotional techniques. 'Flamenco' would also make association with major Hispanic events already in place. We will also start a 'Flamenco Dance' campaign as an event that would celebrate colorful dances and clothes of Latinos.

Budgets and Controls

It is proposed that the marketing budget to launch the advertising and promotion campaign that includes print advertising, celebrity hook up, outdoor advertising and other initial activities should be considerable. Initial marketing budget will run in millions that is separate from the product development cost and infrastructure investment. Also exclusive boutiques opened will also have a separate budget.…...

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References

Elias, Cristina. 'Young Hispanics and Hip Latinos' September 13, 2005. Ahorre.com. 21 May 2006 http://www.ahorre.com/blog/hispanic_marketing/us_hispanic_market/young_hispanics_and_hip_latinos/

LATINA FLAVOR: Today's Hispanic Woman Feasts On Fashion' 3 October 2005. Cotton Incorporated.

21 May 2006  http://www.cottoninc.com/lsmarticles/?articleID=416 

LATINA CLOTHING LOVERS: Clothes shopping is a passion for many Hispanic-American women' 19 October 1998. Cotton Incorporated.